Bioanalytical Methods for Cortisol Analysis | Chapter 13 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Cortisol is individual of the steroid hormone often applied as “stress biomarker” used in diagnosis of afflictions or disorder related to raised chronic stress, pituitary-adrenal, and hypothalamic, especially Cushing’s condition and Addison’s disease. It plays an important duty in regulating wide range of physiologic and pathological body process. Measurement of cortisol levels cruel blood, antitoxin or plasma and urine is usually performed in clinical workshops by utilizing various immunoassay methods.Salivary and sweat cortisol have drawn growing attention as they reflect biologically alive cortisol level and involve non-invasive savoring procedure. Whereas, measurement of cortisol in grass provides reliable news as it reflects cortisol level over the earlier period of 3-4 months (similar to glycated red body fluid test), which tells average glucose level over the past 2-3 months. The 11ß-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase-2 (11ß-HSD2) isoenzyme, which interconverts biologically alive cortisol to inactive cortisone, regulates cortisol absorption. Monitoring the cortisol-cortisone ratio is favor as the best indicator for acting people with adrenal ailments. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with crew mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is usually working for the simultaneous calculation of cortisol and cortisone reliably. Studies shown that skilled are no appreciable correlations middle from two points serum, saliva, or excretion cortisol levels and hair cortisol concentration. However, a antitoxin cortisol level comparison betwixt stimulated serum cortisol and salivary or excretion cortisol demonstrated a positive connections.

Author(s) Details:

Syed N. Alvi,
Environmental Health Program, Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/12006

Ion-pair HPLC Method for the Quantification of Metformin in Human Plasma and Its Application | Chapter 1 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

The purpose of this work is to develop and validate a traditional reverse phase column-based, ion-pairing HPLC-UV technique for the detection of metformin in human plasma.

Between November 2014 and February 2015, the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Medicine's "Mother Tereza" hospital centre undertook this experimental investigation.

The method used in this investigation to identify metformin was ion-pair separation followed by UV detection on plasma samples that had been deproteinized and dichloromethane washed. An analytical LiChrocart® 100 RP 18 (125 x 4.0mm i.d., 5 m particle size) C18 column was used to perform the separation. At an isocratic flow rate of 1.25 mL/minute, sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.3%) and 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH=6.0; 32.5:67.5, v/v) were pumped as the mobile phase. Quantification was carried out at 236 nm using a UV/Vis DAD. For metformin in plasma concentration ranges of 50–1600 ng/mL, the calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9998). With a minimal detection limit of 18 ng/ml, the test enables the measurement of metformin for therapeutic drug monitoring. The inter-day and intra-day assay coefficients of variation fell within clinically significant limits. For all three of the plasma quality control concentrations that were looked at, absolute recovery was reported to be better than 90%. The suggested method for measuring metformin in human plasma was discovered to be quick, exact, and accurate. This method was successfully applied to an oral dosage pharmacokinetic study in humans.

Author(s) Details:

Eva Troja,
Profarma SH.A. Pharmaceutical Industry, Tirana, Albania.

Leonard Deda,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.

Gëzim Boçari,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8364

Studies on Anti-Inflammatory and General Glucocorticoid Physiology in Skeletal Muscles Affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An approach towards Exploration of Steroid-Sparing Agents | Chapter 4 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 The activation of proinflammatory and metabolic biological pathways in skeletal muscle cells is a hallmark of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The dystrophin-associated protein complex, a large transmembrane protein complex that acts as a shock absorber during muscle contraction, a receiver and transducer of cellular signals, and a scaffold for signalling proteins, is destabilised in the absence of dystrophin, a protein that provides a link between the extracellular matrix and the myocyte cytoskeleton. The majority of these pathways are inhibited by synthetic glucocorticoids. Hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weight gain, growth retardation, skin thinning, cushingoid look, and tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance are all side effects of glucocorticoids. As a result, reducing the glucocorticoid dosage for DMD patients may be advantageous. When looking for compounds that can accomplish similar pathway stabilisation in DMD, a deeper understanding of the primary cellular pathways that are stabilised following synthetic glucocorticoid administration is required. This review gives a quick rundown of the primary anti-inflammatory pathways as well as the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids in DMD-affected skeletal muscle. The known medicines that can stabilise these pathways and could be used as steroid-sparing medicines in combination with glucocorticoid therapy are outlined. This could open up new avenues for research in DMD animal models and/or human trials, potentially resulting in lower glucocorticoid dose regimens for DMD patients.

Author (s) Details

Sandrine Herbelet
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Arthur Rodenbach
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Boel De Paepe
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Jan L. De Bleecker
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

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Determination of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Using HPTLC in Human Plasma: Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method | Chapter 3 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 A simple, sensitive, quick, and cost-effective thin layer chromatographic technique was used to determine the concentrations of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using paracetamol as an internal reference. A combination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and telmisartan (TEL) is more successful than either medicine alone in the treatment of hypertension.

The plasma sample was collected using a methanol-acetonitrile (3.0:0.1, v/v) mixture. Concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 ng/spot were employed for the hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan calibration curves, respectively. Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, showed 75.98 percent and 81.91 percent recovery. Chloroform: methanol: toluene (8:2:4 v/v/v) makes up the mobile phase. At a wavelength of 278 nm, densitometric analysis was performed. The Rf values for hydrochlorothiazide, paracetamol, and telmisartan, respectively, were 0.28 0.05, 0.50 0.05, and 0.66 0.05. The stability of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma was validated in three freeze-thaw cycles (20 C), on bench for 24 hours, and post preparative for 48 hours. A recovery study was used to statistically validate the recommended method for identifying telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. The method is less expensive and faster than previously disclosed approaches. In the future, we may be able to use this technique for bioequivalence research.

Author (s) Details

Ambadas R. Rote
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV's Pharmacy College, Pune University, Nashik, India.

Poonam R. Sonavane
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV's Pharmacy College, Pune University, Nashik, India.

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