UPLC Method for Estimation of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined and Bulk Dosage Form, a Stability Indicator | Chapter 6 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 5

Objective: The present study aimed to develop stability indicating the UPLC technique for simultaneous estimation of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and formulation.

 

Background: Benazepril and benazeprilat inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in both humans and animals. There are several possible combinations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers with hydrochlorothiazide.

 

Methods: The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% Triethylamine phosphate: Methanol (25:75v/v) was used. Benazepril linearity was found to be 4-20 µg/ml and Hydrochlorothiazide linearity was found to be 5-25 µg/ml. Quantification was performed using ultraviolet detection at 236 nm based on the overlay UV spectrum and the retention period of Benazepril was 3.4 min and Hydrochlorothiazide was 5.4 min with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. According to the ICH guidelines, the proposed method was validated and stress studies revealed that the drugs are prone to alkali and peroxide stress conditions.

 

Results: The calibration curve was plotted, and the regression equation for Benazepril was y = 2,01,491.67x + 60,532.30 with a correlation coefficient (r²)  of 0.9997 and Hydrochlorothiazide was y = 64,635.86x - 74,607.10 with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9994. According to the accuracy research, the percent recovery of Benazepril is 99.09-100.69% and that of Hydrochlorothiazide is 98.27-101.88%, both of which are within the ICH recommendations. Benazepril has a limit of detection of 0.08 g/ml-0.24 g/ml and Hydrochlorothiazide has a limit of quantitation of 0.03 g/ml - 0.10 g/ml. The procedure was found to be straightforward, linear, rapid, exact, repeatable, and robust. It was determined that the % RSD was within ICH norms. The drug's susceptibility to oxidative, thermal, photolytic, acidic, basic, and neutral hydrolysis stress conditions was demonstrated by stress degradation testing. The medication was shown to break down most quickly in alkali and peroxide-stressed conditions.

 

Conclusion: The degradation products generated during the stability investigation were well isolated from the pure drugs, revealing the uniqueness of the developed technique. The developed chromatographic technique under consideration was suitable for the accurate, precise, and quick simultaneous measurement of hydrochlorothiazide and benazepril in both their bulk and medicinal dose forms.

 

Author(s) Details

Shraddha S. Bodke
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, PRES’s College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi, Nashik, India.

 

Charushila J. Bhangal
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, PRES’s College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi, Nashik, India.

 

Sangita N. Bhandare
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PRES’s College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi, Nashik, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v5/1734

Efficient RP-HPLC Method Development for Analysis and accurate Quantification of Specific Anti-Hypertensive Agents in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms | Chapter 11 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

This research paper presents the development and validation of a rapid, precise, and economical reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of four anti-hypertensive agents (ATN, MET, HZT, and AML) and a validated analytical method for the combination of ATN with AML in tablet dosage form. The method, based on a C18 column with optimized conditions, demonstrated well-resolved peaks, good symmetry, and minimal tailing. Validation according to ICH guidelines confirmed specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, with LOD and LOQ values indicating high sensitivity. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify drug levels in a commercial formulation, with mean assay values within acceptable limits. The study addresses the inadequacies of existing methods, providing a valuable contribution to analytical techniques for anti-hypertensive drug analysis.

Author(s) Details:

Panchumarthy Ravisankar,
Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522 213, A.P, India.

Ch. V. Prasada Rao,
Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522 213, A.P, India.

A. Viswanath,
Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522 213, A.P, India.

B. Divya,
Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522 213, A.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V6/article/view/13478

A Novel Captopril-hydrochlorothiazide Solid Dispersion| Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

Only physiologically inert carriers have been employed to produce solid dispersion with better dissolution of poorly soluble medicines in previous research. In this investigation, a new drug–drug solid dispersion technique was used to make solid dispersions in proportions close to commercial hydrochlorothiazide and captopril (HCT-CAP) combination formulations. By kneading, the weakly soluble hydrochlorothiazide was firmly disseminated in soluble captopril. TLC, spectrophotometric assay, infrared spectra, DSC, and X-ray diffractometry were used to characterise the solid dispersion. Solubility tests were used to determine the effect of captopril on hydrochlorothiazide solubility. The in vitro dissolving properties of the solid dispersions were investigated, and the findings were compared to those of physical mixes of HCT-CAP and pure hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide dissolution from solid dispersions was shown to be quicker than physical mixes and pure medication. Particle size reduction, microenvironmental solubilisation, changes in the crystalline structure of hydrochlorothiazide, and the creation of solid solution are the most likely processes for increased hydrochlorothiazide dissolution.

Author(s) Details:

S. Padma Priya,
Department of Pharmaceutics Madras Medical College, Park town, Chennai-600 003, Tamil Nadu, India and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, MTPG & RIHS, Pondicherry 605006, India.

N. N. Rajendran,
Department of Pharmaceutics Madras Medical College, Park town, Chennai-600 003, Tamil Nadu, Indiam and Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6950

Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone on Recently Diagnosed Hypertensives: A Comparative Approach | Chapter 6 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 The thiazides hydrochlorthiazide and chlorthalidone are the two most commonly prescribed thiazides for hypertension. The usage of chlorthalidone, which is more powerful and has a longer half-life, can help to reduce metabolic abnormalities, particularly hypokalaemia.

The primary line of treatment for stable, uncomplicated essential hypertension has been thiazide diuretics, with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) being the most popular. Another thiazide, chlorthalidone, has been around for a while and is said to be just as effective, if not more so, in treating primary hypertension.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of HCTZ and chlorthalidone in treating primary essential hypertension.

Methods: In a randomised, single-blinded, intention-to-treat research, we compared these two medications. For a 12-week period, participants with essential hypertension were given either chlorthalidone 12.5 mg OD or HCTZ 25 mg OD. The findings were compared using 12 hourly ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, fortnightly serum potassium records, and treatment failure (i.e., the need of additional antihypertensive drug or incrementation in the dose of thiazides).

Our study had 114 participants, 44 in the chlorthalidone group and 39 in the HCTZ group. In group H receiving HCTZ 25 mg OD, there was a significant mean drop in BP of 11.89/9.86 in the morning and 11.12/7.56 in the evening. The mean fall in the chlorthalidone group was 16.45/12.38 in the morning and 15.73/10.86 in the evening. After 12 weeks, the chlorthalidone group (127.915.01) had superior nighttime BP control than the HCTZ group (132.675.19) (p=0.001). Both medications reduced serum potassium levels, however HCTZ did so somewhat more (3.7770.601 vs. 3.8910.534), a difference that was statistically insignificant when compared to each other (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Chlorthalidone is more effective than HCTZ at controlling blood pressure throughout the day without causing serious side effects.

Author (S) Details

Bijay Kumar
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Sharanjit Kaur
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Sami Manzoor
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Harinder Jot Singh
Department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.


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Studies on Anti-Inflammatory and General Glucocorticoid Physiology in Skeletal Muscles Affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An approach towards Exploration of Steroid-Sparing Agents | Chapter 4 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 The activation of proinflammatory and metabolic biological pathways in skeletal muscle cells is a hallmark of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The dystrophin-associated protein complex, a large transmembrane protein complex that acts as a shock absorber during muscle contraction, a receiver and transducer of cellular signals, and a scaffold for signalling proteins, is destabilised in the absence of dystrophin, a protein that provides a link between the extracellular matrix and the myocyte cytoskeleton. The majority of these pathways are inhibited by synthetic glucocorticoids. Hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weight gain, growth retardation, skin thinning, cushingoid look, and tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance are all side effects of glucocorticoids. As a result, reducing the glucocorticoid dosage for DMD patients may be advantageous. When looking for compounds that can accomplish similar pathway stabilisation in DMD, a deeper understanding of the primary cellular pathways that are stabilised following synthetic glucocorticoid administration is required. This review gives a quick rundown of the primary anti-inflammatory pathways as well as the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids in DMD-affected skeletal muscle. The known medicines that can stabilise these pathways and could be used as steroid-sparing medicines in combination with glucocorticoid therapy are outlined. This could open up new avenues for research in DMD animal models and/or human trials, potentially resulting in lower glucocorticoid dose regimens for DMD patients.

Author (s) Details

Sandrine Herbelet
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Arthur Rodenbach
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Boel De Paepe
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Jan L. De Bleecker
Department of Head and Skin, Division of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V7/article/view/1190

Determination of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Using HPTLC in Human Plasma: Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method | Chapter 3 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 A simple, sensitive, quick, and cost-effective thin layer chromatographic technique was used to determine the concentrations of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using paracetamol as an internal reference. A combination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and telmisartan (TEL) is more successful than either medicine alone in the treatment of hypertension.

The plasma sample was collected using a methanol-acetonitrile (3.0:0.1, v/v) mixture. Concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 ng/spot were employed for the hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan calibration curves, respectively. Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, showed 75.98 percent and 81.91 percent recovery. Chloroform: methanol: toluene (8:2:4 v/v/v) makes up the mobile phase. At a wavelength of 278 nm, densitometric analysis was performed. The Rf values for hydrochlorothiazide, paracetamol, and telmisartan, respectively, were 0.28 0.05, 0.50 0.05, and 0.66 0.05. The stability of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma was validated in three freeze-thaw cycles (20 C), on bench for 24 hours, and post preparative for 48 hours. A recovery study was used to statistically validate the recommended method for identifying telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. The method is less expensive and faster than previously disclosed approaches. In the future, we may be able to use this technique for bioequivalence research.

Author (s) Details

Ambadas R. Rote
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV's Pharmacy College, Pune University, Nashik, India.

Poonam R. Sonavane
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV's Pharmacy College, Pune University, Nashik, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V7/article/view/1189