Predictive Biomarkers and Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Overview | Chapter 11 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 2

 

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of cancer that arises from the squamous cells, which are the flat, thin cells that make up the lining of the mouth and throat. This cancer commonly affects areas such as the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the inner lining of the cheeks, but it can occur anywhere in the oral cavity. It typically presents as a persistent sore or growth in the mouth that does not heal. Risk factors for OSCC include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and prolonged exposure to sunlight (for lip cancer). Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. The incidence rate of oral cancers, including OSCC, is reported to be around 20 per 100,000 people annually, making it a significant public health issue in India.

This review consolidates the current understanding of prognostic markers for OSCC, providing insights into their clinical relevance and potential therapeutic implications. A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified 30 highly cited articles, forming this review's basis.

Prognostic factors encompass tumor-related features, host factors, and molecular markers, each playing a crucial role in OSCC prognosis. Tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological grade, and depth of invasion are well-established predictors of patient outcomes. Additionally, biomarkers such as p53 mutations, EGFR overexpression, and altered miRNA profiles offer valuable insights into disease progression. Host factors, including age, gender, and lifestyle habits, also impact the prognosis. This review critically evaluates the evidence supporting these factors, highlighting their potential for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient care in OSCC.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Dave Rushang M.
Department of Pathology, Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, India.

 

Goswami Parth R.
Department of Pathology, AIIMS RAJKOT, India.

 

Kateshiya Darshit L.
Department of Pathology, Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, India.

 

Belani Vaishali T.
Department of Pathology, Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, India.

 

Bhalodiya Nayana H.
Department of Pathology, Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v2/351

Estimation of Low Radiation Doses Effects by Using Tumor Markers | Chapter 4 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 7

 

The concern regarding the impact of radiation on workers in various occupations, especially in terms of cancer risk as a stochastic consequence, is significant. This chapter aims to explore the influence of minimal radiation exposure on tumor marker tests among those working with radiation. It also aims to elucidate how certain factors such as exposure dose, smoking habits, Hospital locations, and job type affect tumor marker levels. The study analyzes tumor marker data spanning from 2013 to 2019 from four government hospitals, alongside exposure dose records obtained from the Energy Department. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to gather associated independent variables alongside tumor marker data, with 78 radiation workers participating in the study. The analysis indicates a general trend of tumor marker elevation within normal limits over the years, with Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) showing an approximate 57% increase among radiation workers. Notably, there was a significant statistical difference in CEA levels among smokers. However, no apparent correlation between radiation doses and tumor markers was found. This study marks the first attempt to investigate the relationship between tumor markers and low radiation doses in occupational settings. The researchers suggest that these findings bridge existing gaps in understanding low-dose effects and underscore the importance of medical tests in anticipating such effects. Further studies are warranted to refine these findings.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Areej Dahdol (Medical Imaging Technician)
Palestinian Ministry of Health, Salfit, Palestine. Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

 

Mohammad Hjouj (Associate Professor)
Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

 

Please see the link :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v7/751

Tumor Markers and Cortisol Metabolism in Obesity | Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Obesity is a medical condition marked by an excess accumulation of body fat and the metabolic syndrome that results. Modulation of metabolic pathways is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including obesity. By examining the levels of tumour markers and cortisol (a stress-induced hormone) in obese people, we were able to establish a link between obesity, metabolic stress, and tumour. Thirty-three obese (18 males, 15 females, BMI=34 3.8 Kg/M2) and 37 apparently non-obese (19 males, 18 females, BMI=22 1.4 Kg/M2) people (controls) volunteered to take part in this study. All of the participants were drug-free (i.e., no alcohol, cigarettes, or steroids) and appeared to be healthy adults with no medical issues. Before being accepted into the study, each participant's body weight and height were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Obesity was defined using the body mass index (BMI; Kg/M2), with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/M2 indicating overweight and a BMI greater than 30 Kg/M2 indicating obesity. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods, the plasma levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and cortisol were determined in these subjects. When compared to controls, plasma levels of CA125 and cortisol increased significantly (p0.05), but plasma levels of CEA and AFP did not change significantly (p>0.05). The increased rate of cortisol and CA125 synthesis in obesity could be due to metabolic changes.

Author(s) Details

Moses O. Akiibinu
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Bob O. Soile
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Ajibola M. U. Amzat
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Oyetunji T. Kolawole
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V10/article/view/1125