Enhancing Potato Farming through Mechanization in India: A Review | Chapter 5 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Potato is an important vegetable crop in India. This crop plays a vital role in the food security of both India and South Asia. The mechanization of potato crops was started in the year 1978 by Central Potato Research Institute, Jalandhar, Punjab by fabricating a tractor-operated potato planter and potato digger. This review highlights a few details of the advancement in the mechanization of potato farming. This review reveals that Uttar Pradesh is the leading potato-producing state in India followed by West Bengal. The maximum yield per hectare for potato crops has been found in Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Raised bed and ridge planting is a common method of sowing potatoes in India. Minimum tillage systems give better yields for potato crops due to improved physical, hydro-physical and biological properties of soil. Semi-automatic and automatic potato planters’ machinery is very popular in India for sawing. The field capacity of a tractor-drawn two-row automatic planter is about 0.4-0.5 ha/h. while working at 4-5 km/h. Both Semiautomatic planters and automatic planters are also available with fertilizer application systems. Additionally, intercropping systems, such as those involving potatoes and sugarcane, are popular in Uttar Pradesh and northern India. Advances in mechanization have brought potato production to the point where little manual labour is really necessary. Potato production in India has been continuously increasing from year 2013 to 2019. Similarly, potato consumption was also continuously increasing from the year 1994 to 2013. This resulted in improved farm machinery and processing equipment in potato farming. This paper highlights a few details of the advancement in the mechanization of potato farming.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sandeep Bhardwaj
Department of Basic Engineering, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.

 

Rupali Sharma
Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/5131

Features of Potato Tuber Formation Depending on the Feeding Area and the Application of Fungicides in the Conditions of the Middle Urals: A Recent Study| Chapter 1 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 The purpose of the research search out study the subjective signs of vegetable tubers of the Gala sort at various plant densities and the use of fungicides not definite Urals.  Potato is an main land crop in the experience, Russia and in Mali. The vegetable hopeful brought in in Mali because the 19th of one hundred years apiece French person who finds a new place. Potato nurture is principally exhausted Mali all along the cool dry season and allure yield potential is extreme (20 to 30 t/ha). The hearing of character signs for vegetable tubers is an essential component of the progress of various help electronics. The study was administered in 2018 and 2019 on the exploratory field of the Ural State Agrarian University's instructional and exploratory farm. Gala, a medium-early extreme-flexible vegetable type, is the subject of the study. Gravimetric, distillation, ebuliostatic, ionometric, and photometric plans were secondhand in biochemical and agrochemical studies. The energetic generated power of tubers was calculated utilizing a conduct music in mSm, the aggregation of container liquid squeezed from plant was calculated utilizing a bend accent of sound in %, nitrates in tubers were calculated utilizing a nitrate experimental in mg/kg, and the acridness (pH) of tubers was calculated utilizing a pH accent of sound. The study's verdicts displayed that as the augmenting field was raised from 1400 to 2800 cm2, the aggregation of vegetable tubers' container liquid squeezed from plant declined from 7.0 to 2.65%. Electrical generated power is dropped for one use of the fungicides Shirlan and Infinito. Potato tubers' particular pressure rises from 0.92 to 1.16 grandam accompanying an increase in the augmenting extent. The nitrate content cut down accompanying an increase in the augmenting region and the use of fungicides from 340 to 326 mg/kg. During the increasing ending, the content of colorless odorless gas (CO2) of the vegetable plant in the control variant was 775, and accompanying the use of shirlan it was 1043, that is an increase of 1.5 opportunities. The experimental originality display or take public the evidence that for the first be present at the environments of the Middle Urals, an judgment of tubers was transported in accordance with corporal, agrophysical and agrochemical signs accompanying new schemes all along the periods of depository of tubers (April) and plants of vegetable plants, established the augmenting district and the use of fungicides.

Author(s) Details:

F. Keita,
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research IPR/IFRA Katibougou, BP 06 Koulikoro Region, Republic of Mali.

M. Y. U. Karpukhin,
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research IPR/IFRA Katibougou, BP 06 Koulikoro Region, Republic of Mali.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V3/article/view/9371

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Different Traps for Monitoring the Invasive Leaf Miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis on Potato Crop (Solanum tuberosum) in India| Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanaceae) are individual of the world's four big food crops. However, it is currently endangered by the obtrusive, most devastating leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard, 1926) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Potato plays a meaningful role in the Indian saving. During the year 2020-21, the outbreak concerning this pest was noticed in the potato increasing regions of the Nilgiris district. During the period 2021, two experiments were carried out at two various locations of Nilgiris district in consideration of monitor the pest occurrence for timely application of administration practices. In this study, the effectiveness of various kinds of traps viz., embarrassing traps (yellow, white, sad) and bottle traps accompanying casein and protein hydrolysate were tested. The judgments demonstrate that of the miscellaneous traps tested for their efficacy in captivating the leaf miner, L. huidobrensis, the yellow difficult trap was more effective in attracting adult leaf digger flies, accompanying mean trap catches of 40.49 and 36.64 adult flies/ 10 cm2 regions at Kotagiri and Ooty, respectively. The peak population of leaf miners was noticed in the last week of April (45.67 adult flees/ 10 cm2 areas) in Ooty and the third period of June (52.33 adult flies/ 10 cm2 regions) in Kotagiri. The correlation investigation erect that the trap catches were significantly absolutely correlated accompanying maximum temperature, diurnal difference (DV), and growing era degrees (GDD). Multiple regression equating was also grown, where the abiotic factors donated 46.1% and 65.5% to the Liriomyza leaf miner public fluctuation in the vegetable ecosystem. Yellow sticky trap maybe used as an effective tool to monitor the incidence of L. huidobrensis community. The data got may also be secondhand in projecting their future state by adopting pest management models.

Author(s) Details:

S. S. Monica,
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

B. Vinothkumar,
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

S. V. Krishnamoorthy,
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

L. Rajendran,
Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V7/article/view/9098

Optimization of Modified Media & Comparative Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger | Chapter 8 |Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.4

 Aspergillus niger was used for submerged citric acid synthesis to study high yield citric acid producers other than citrus fruits. In a comparison investigation, rice and potato extracts were employed as substrates to see which one provided the best yield. Various doses of Sucrose, Glucose, and Nitrogen supplements were used to track changes in citric acid synthesis output. Titration of citric acid extracted from various medium was used to assess the concentration of citric acid produced. To establish the ideal conditions for enhanced citric acid production output, a comparison study was done. By collecting soil samples from the Garden of Dayanand Science College in Latur, Maharashtra, and isolating citric acid-producing fungi (Aspergillus niger) on PDA medium as pure culture, as well as cultivation on modified broth medium, this study can provide a better approach for large-scale industrial production of citric acid, which is one of the most widely consumed organic acids.

Author(s) Details:

Sharad Chandrakant Gangavane,
Department of Biotechnology, College of Computer Science & Information Technology (COCSIT) Latur, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.


Vijay Jagdish Upadhye,
Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.


Babasaheb Shivmurti Surwase,
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences ,SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.


Amol Bapurao Khandagale,
Department of Biotechnology, Dayanand Science College, (DSCL) Latur, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.


Vaishnavi Laxmanrao More,
Department of Biotechnology, College of Computer Science & Information Technology (COCSIT) Latur, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.


Shabana Habib Shaikh,
Department of Biotechnology, College of Computer Science & Information Technology (COCSIT) Latur, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V4/article/view/6228

An Assessment of Extension Approaches for Bacterial Wilt Control with Potato Farmers in Ethiopia | Book Publisher International

 In Ethiopia's densely populated highlands, potato farming provides both food and cash income, contributing considerably to smallholder potato growers' food security and cash income. Ethiopian potato producers, on the other hand, face a number of problems, including a lack of access to improved high-yielding seed, seed tubers, and soil with a high frequency of bacterial infections, as well as a lack of agricultural extension services. In this study, three questions are investigated. How well do farmers understand bacterial wilt and how it affects potato production? How enthusiastic are farmers in taking collective/community action to combat bacterial wilt? Should farmers rely on local knowledge or scientific guidance to better their reaction to the condition? In 2015, the thesis was part of a wider research project called Developing a sustainable seed potato production system for enhanced livelihoods. The initiative is based in Chencha Woreda, in Ethiopia's SNNPR area, and is supported by Vita and Teasasc. The thesis employs a mixed method approach, with farmer surveys, key informant interviews, field observations, and focus group discussions. The study took place in two separate kebeles. The following were the study's goals: I will look into farmers' awareness of bacterial wilt (BW), (ii) analyse farmers' willingness to participate in collective action, and (iii) build the best-fit technological information channels for obtaining and sharing bacterial wilt management knowledge.

 

BW is the most important disease problem, according to the survey, and communities are well aware of it. Farmers' concerns about BW are justified, as the disease affects potato yields and poses a serious danger to potato output, food security, and farmer profitability. There is, however, a knowledge gap in BW management. In addition, there is inadequate data to pursue the best potato production management practises. These deficiencies affect three groups: the general public, farmers, and there is a special difficulty between female and male farmers in terms of their comprehension of BW. A lack of understanding of cultural control practises that may limit the spread of BW was identified to be a prevalent feature in the study. Furthermore, it was determined that more than half of the farmers tested lacked sufficient knowledge. The most significant finding is that nearly all farmers are willing to collaborate in the fight against bacterial wilt. Female farmers and impoverished farmers must be regarded an unique group that requires special attention from extension services, according to study data. Both male and female farmers require access to information, skills, and tools in order to boost yields. Farmers' contact with extension agents, on the other hand, was found to be low in general, and particularly low among female farmers. Peer-to-peer learning from fellow farmers, on-farm demonstrations, and farm visits to observe improved agronomic practises were selected as farmers' preferred methods of learning about BW. Non-state actors / private organisations have also been discovered to be major sources of information on BW. Churches, chiefs, community meetings, private agricultural firms, local FM radio, and on-farm advice services are also major information sources in some places. According to the report, considerable farmer gains require a combination of technical breakthroughs and collective action activities. It also recommends that the government and non-governmental organisations work together to help farmers, particularly women, implement BW-prevention techniques.

Author(s) Details

Ayano Kahano Teyika
University College Dublin (Dr Monica Gorman), Teagasc(Michael Hennessy), Ireland.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAEABWCPFE/article/view/5638

Study on the Assessment of Genetic Variability Estimates of Selected Traits in Irish Potato Mutants| Chapter 6 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 3

 Objectives: Knowledge of genetic parameters of traits, such as heritabilities and genetic correlations, is important for an effective potato breeding strategy, hence the need to test genetic variability estimates of yield-related traits in Irish potato mutants Study Design: There was no replication of mutant minitubers at M1V1 generation because each does not maintain the same genetic minituber. The tubers were repeated in alpha lattice design 3 times in the generation of M1V2 and M1V3. Location and Period of Study: Irradiation was conducted at IAEA / FAO Seibersdorf Plant Genetics and Breeding Laboratories (PGBL), Vienna, Austria. The mutant microtubers (consisting of Asante, Mpya and Sherekea) were transported to Eldoret University, Kenya, for establishment between April 2015 and March 2017 following mutation induction. Methodology: A total of 30 tubers were dispatched to irradiate each of the three potatoes. Irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (without leaf) followed by in vitro shoot propagation and irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (with leaf) followed by direct in vitro micro-tuber development have been produced in two in-vitro radio-sensitivity tests involving different tissues. A total of 570 mutant microtubers (Asante 230, Mpya 160, Sherekea 180) were produced from the three potato varieties after mutation induction and were transported to Kenya to be formed at the University of Eldoret. In the greenhouse, the M1V1 microtubers were created, while the M1V2 and M1V3 mutant generations were planted in the research field at the University of Eldoret. Results: It revealed that in Mpya and Sherekea mutants, the highest positive heritability percentage (H2) estimates were 81.51 percent and 87.7 percent respectively in plant height. Conclusion: High heritability estimates of tuber numbers indicate that induced mutation has been effective in the production of new potato genotypes that will be used in future breeding programmes. The present study indicates that different genetic variability estimates were shown by the potato mutants. It was found that the number of tubers within the mutant populations exhibited high estimates of heritability. The induced mutation succeeded in producing new genotypes of potatoes that could be used in potential breeding programmes.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Emmy Chepkoech

School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Stephen Kimno
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Miriam G. Kinyua
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Oliver Kiplagat
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Julius Ochuodho
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Leah Boit
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/306