Genetics of Coastal Habituation: How Recombinant Inbred Lines Respond to Saline Environments | Chapter 10 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6

 

Background: Among all abiotic stresses, salinity is the second most widespread soil problem in rice-growing countries of the world after drought, which continues due to climate change and poor irrigation practices. Rice is highly sensitive to salinity, particularly at the seedling and reproductive stages. Identifying rice genotypes tolerating salinity both at the seedling and at reproductive stages that maintain stable yield in coastal saline soils requires an understanding of genetic variability and trait relationships in terms of direct and indirect effects to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties.

 

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess phenotypic performance and to estimate genetic variability for salt tolerance in both the seedling and reproductive stages of rice under coastal saline soils.

 

Methodology: The present study was conducted at the natural coastal saline soils of Acharya N. G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU)- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Machilipatnam, during Kharif (June to November) 2024. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate Recombinant Inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross MCM 109/BRR 0119 for salt tolerance in an Alpha-lattice design. Here, 150 RILs at F5 generation were studied at pH 8.4, and EC 7.2 dSm-1 and data on yield and salinity traits were collected. Salt tolerance was evaluated at the seedling and reproductive stages using the standard evaluation system (SES), with scores from 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible) based on growth, leaf symptoms, and spikelet sterility. Statistical analysis was performed using PBIB.test, GCV, PCV, heritability and GA as per cent of the mean were drawn from the variability package of R software.

 

Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 12 characters attributed significant differences among 150 RILs studied under salinity (P<0.01). The traits ear bearing tillers hill-1, salinity scoring at reproductive stage, shoot Na+/K+ ratio at harvesting stage, and grain yield per plant (g) exhibited high estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of the mean, suggesting additive gene action. While the traits plant survival (%), plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility % and hundred grain weight (g) exhibited moderate PCV and GCV values with high heritability and genetic advance, indicating substantial genetic variability for effective selection.

 

Conclusion: Selecting RILs based on variability traits results in the development of salt-tolerant, high-yielding varieties suitable for coastal saline soils. RILs F5 112 and F5 248 can be released as high-yielding saline-tolerant varieties after evaluation in salinity trials and multi-location trials, whereas RILs F5 122 and F5 202 can be registered as genetic stocks for highly tolerant coastal saline conditions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Vinutna Vinnakota
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Girija Rani M
ANGRAU-RARS, Maruteru, West Godavari, India.

 

Nagendra Rao K
ANGRAU-ARS, Machilipatnam, Krishna, India.

 

Suneetha K
ICAR-IIRR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.

 

Ravi Babu M
ANGRAU-RARS, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6807

Investigating Transgressive Segregation to Improve Yield in F2 Segregants of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Study | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the most ancient oil crops, has been referred to as the ‘queen of oilseeds’ by virtue of its high-quality oil. The experiment involved the F2 generation of three superior crosses of sesame: Thilak X Ayali 1, Thilathara X Ayali 2 and Thilak X Ayali 5, grown in a Compact Family Block Design. A total of 200 plants were grown with a spacing of 30 x 25 cm, and observations were recorded on yield-related characters. Biometric observations were recorded for nine characters viz, days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length (cm), capsule width (cm), number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height (cm) and seed yield per plant (g). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and various genetic parameters were worked out using GRAPES software, version 1.1.0. Significant variation was found among most traits, except for capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule and the number of primary branches. Maximum coefficient of variation was recorded for number of capsules per plant (41.091) followed by seed yield per plant (40.163). The least coefficient of variation was recorded for capsule length (6.58) closely followed by the number of seeds per capsule (6.774). The cross Thilathara X Ayali 2 exhibited a high frequency of transgressive segregants for multiple traits, particularly for seed yield per plant, making it highly promising for further breeding efforts. Plant height had the highest mean and range, showing considerable potential for selection. CV analysis revealed high variability for traits like the number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. In contrast, low variability and high stability were observed for traits like capsule length, number of seeds per capsule and days to maturity. Higher PCV and GCV were recorded for traits like days to first flowering, number of capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant, showing substantial genetic and environmental influences. Moderate PCV and GCV were found for plant height and days to maturity, while traits like capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and capsule width had the lowest PCV and GCV, indicating limited genetic variation. Days to first flowering and days to maturity showed high heritability combined with high genetic advance, suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action and are ideal for simple selection. Traits like capsule length, capsule width, and number of seeds per capsule showed low heritability and genetic advance, making them less ideal for selection. The cross, Thilathara X Ayali 2 should be prioritized in future generations to recover desirable segregants, especially for economically important traits like seed yield. In conclusion, it has been found that while certain traits are more influenced by genetic factors and suitable for selection, others are heavily impacted by environmental variability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Greeshma Ravi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Lovely B.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Seeja G.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Susha S Thara
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Ninitha Nath C.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Amritha K.B.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4908

 

Analysis of Genetic and Molecular Diversity in Green Gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Genotypes Using SSR Markers | Chapter 1 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Mungbean, often known as Greengram, is a member of the Leguminosae family. A study on the genetic and molecular diversity of 40 genotypes of Greengram was conducted using SSR markers. The study of molecular markers is essential to genomic research. Because of their repeatability, multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, relative abundance, and good genomic coverage, SSRs stand out among other marker systems like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), RAPD, sequence tagged sites (STSs), and AFLP. The experimental material contained significant genetic diversity; nevertheless, for all yield-related and yield-attributing features, phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded genotypic coefficient of variation. The genotypes LGG 574 (8.80), PDM 139 (8.34), and Pant Mung 6 had the highest seed yields (7.78). The highest observed cluster distances were between clusters 5 and 6 (472.88) and clusters 4 and 5 (432.89). Among all the factors PC 1 to PC 10, PC 1 (19.99) accounted maximum proportion of variability in the set of all variables and the remaining components accounted for progressively lesser and lesser amounts of variation. The first six principal components (PC-1 to PC-6) with eigenvalues of 2.94, 2.62, 2.18, 1.40, 1.28, and 0.86, respectively, accounted for 86.95% of the total variance for all the qualities, according to principal component analysis. Genotypes 23, 32, 33, and 21 were spread out relatively far from other genotypes in the scatter plot, suggesting that they might be different from other genotypes. PIC values of 10 SSR loci, where the VR 86 marker produced the greatest PIC Value percentage and highest heterozygosity percent. The fixation index ranges from 1.000 to -0.076. In comparison to Cluster II, III, IV, and V, Cluster I has the most genotypes (25), and the use of SSR markers in this work to differentiate between genotypes was made possible by the high polymorphism information richness of this cluster. This study shows that SSR analysis can be used to evaluate the molecular diversity of various Greengram genotypes. For the purpose of marker-assisted breeding programmes, plant breeders highly value the information generated on marker data.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Mr. S. Shanmukha Saikumar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj - 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. P. S. Shanmugavadivel
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur- 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. Meenal Rathore
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur- 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. Meenal Rathore
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur- 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Miss G. Gayathri
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj - 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/3498G

Induced Mutations a Tool to Creat New Variations: A Case Study of M3 Generation of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] | Chapter 8 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 The objective of inferred mutations direct or indirect search out create new alternatives in the crops where it does not exist spontaneously. Especially in the self-pollinated crops i.e. most of the cereals, and legumes. Therefore, present in this record of what happened we have presented metamorphosis breeding used to encourage quantitative variability in M3 production of green gram of two wonderful variety GM-4 and Meha in consideration of study effect various cancer-causing agent and for the estimation of genetic instability parameters like GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance portion of mean for characters like as source yield per plant and chlorophyll content. The analysis of difference in M3 generation for offspring within family recorded highly meaningful difference for plant climax and chlorophyll content for majority of progenies. For all types, phenotypic coefficient of alternative was higher than genotypic coefficient of difference indicating that skilled was environmental influence on these characteristics.The Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, COA, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh all along the Summer-2015. The experimental material comprised M2 derived M3 seeds of sixty-six M3 offspring lines (64 mutant + 2 controls). The offspring lines were selected on the base of yield and its befriended characters from M2 generation. Each offspring line is an individual’s plant seed.Experimental completed activity to study the effect of mutation of M2 derivative M3 seeds for miscellaneous characters. M2 production consists of two base varieties (GM-4 and meha) and two base mutagens (gamma beams and EMS). The analysis of difference between offspring revealed that offspring differed considerably for chlorophyll content while non-significant for seed yield per plant. GCV and PCV were taller in all the mutagenic classification with respect to control for two together the characters in addition to for both the variety.  The phenotypic cooperative of variation for two together characters was degree the genotypic coefficient of alternative, showing that these looks were influenced by the surroundings. All of the mutagenic families displayed increased heritability, and larger genetic progress was also visualized. The results for heritability were pooled, and it was clear that these traits were ruled by additive hereditary effects likely the high estimates of heritability and hereditary advance that were scored for sources per plant.Mutagenic progenies with additive deoxyribonucleic acid effect can be picked for improvement of attractive traits in mungbean. Outcome of the investigation can be secondhand directly as a sort or parental lines for future combination programme, as majority of offspring lines showed uniformity for most of the characters and induced mutagenesis plays an main role in bettering of crops like green gram.

Author(s) Details:

D. K. Ahir,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh–362 001, Gujarat, India.

Rajiv Kumar,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh–362 001, Gujarat, India.

C. P. Chetariya,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Vidushi Upadhyay,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Abhishek Pandey,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya,
Plant Sciences and Crop Health, University of Sothern Queensland, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V6/article/view/11424

Determination of Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Their Interrelationships in Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for Various Yield and Yield Contributing Traits under Drought Conditions | Chapter 1 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

Studying the genetic variability characteristics is important for the efficient selection of crop species. Any breeding programme for crop improvement must have desired variation present, as well as a certain degree of heritable variation. As a result, every breeding effort for crop improvement is strongly reliant on genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advancement. At the Sorghum Research Station, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani, the genetic variability research for yield and yield contributing factors in 37 genotypes of rabi sorghum with three checks, M 35-1, Phule Suchitra, and CSV-22-R, was conducted during rabi 2019. To estimate the genetic variability for quantitative characteristics, the treatments were examined, and data for 11 traits were collected using a randomised block design with three replications. The discovery of extremely significant genotype differences reveals a substantial degree of variability in all 11 characteristics examined. Greater estimates of phenotypic coefficients of variation are obtained, and these estimates are of lower size, when phenotypic coefficients of variation are compared to genotypic coefficients of variation. Among the forty genotypes examined, VJV 107, VJV 106, PEC 30, RSV 1921, RSV 1945, and RSV 1984 were considered the superior genotypes since they outperformed the others. The goal of the current study was to calculate the genetic variability for quantitative characteristics.

Author(s) Details:

Kesoju Ravali,
VNMKV, Parbhani - 431 402 (M.S.), India.

J. E. Jahagirdar,
VNMKV, Parbhani - 431 402 (M.S.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7250