Assessing the State of Botanical Knowledge in from Biological Collection Databases in Côte d'Ivoire | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 5

The forests of the tropical world are characterized by particular community structures and specific floristic compositions. The floristic richness of tropical forests has been highlighted by numerous studies. The aim of this present study is to summarize the current state of research on the flora of the Côte d’Ivoire from the SIG IVOIRE database to better direct future collection efforts. The database of herbarium specimens for Côte d'Ivoire has been developed at the Conservatory and Botanical Gardens of Geneva and summarizes the Ivoirian specimen holdings of herbaria in Abidjan (CNF), Geneva (CJGB), Natural History Museum of Paris, and University of Wageningen (WUR). As each record in the database contains geographic coordinates, it is related to maps through a geographic information system (GIS) called SIG IVOIRE. Herbarium specimen data used for this study covered the period from 1894 to 2000 and were assembled by 226 collectors. This database comprises 15,228 samples, grouped into 3621 species, 1371 genera, and 198 families. A grid system was used to cover the Ivorian territory at a spatial resolution of 0.75° x 0.75°. Indices of evenness and completeness were calculated to characterize sampling and identify floristically well-known regions. The exploration of the Ivorian territory is far from uniform, such that some areas were more densely surveyed, but others partially or not at all. The regions of Grands Ponts, Agnéby- Tiassa, Loh-Djiboua, part of Gbèkè, Boukani, San Pedro and Cavally were floristically well known; environmentally, the largest gaps in coverage were in the mountains in western Côte d'Ivoire.

So, after more than a century of botanical research in Côte d'Ivoire, much effort is still needed. Certainly, the work of several prominent researchers has produced a view of the basic dimensions and characteristics of the flora and vegetation of Côte d’Ivoire. However, many regions of Côte d'Ivoire are not known floristically or remain only partially documented. This study provides detailed analyses and mapping efforts that should guide new botanical investigations in Côte d'Ivoire. This study also underlines the importance of continued systematic study of plant diversity as a priority in botanical gardens, universities, and other research organizations.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Koffi Kouao Jean
Laboratory of Ecology and Sustainable Development, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratory of Botany and Valorization of Plant Diversity, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire and Ake-Assi Botanical Institute of Andokoi (IBAAN) Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Kouassi Akossoua Faustine
Ake-Assi Botanical Institute of Andokoi (IBAAN) Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and National Center of Floristics (UFHB), 22 B. P. 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Yao N’guettia Francis
Laboratory of Ecology and Sustainable Development, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Aka Kacou Ulric
Laboratory of Ecology and Sustainable Development, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Adou Yao Constant Yves
University Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR-BIOSCIENCES, 22 B. P. 1682 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire and Swiss Center for Scientific Research in Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Adama Bakayoko
Laboratory of Ecology and Sustainable Development, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratory of Botany and Valorization of Plant Diversity, UFR Natural Sciences, University Nangui ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire and Swiss Center for Scientific Research in Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Jan Bogaert
Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B 5030, Gembloux-Belgique, Belgium.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v5/4191

Study of Spatial Dynamics of Urban Growth Using the Geostatistical Interpolation Method of Kriging | Chapter 10 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 5

The objective of this study is to simulate urban growth on the surface and underground, on a municipal scale, using a Geostatistical spatial modeling technique, called Kriging. Ordinary kriging was used as a method of geostatistical interpolation of urban growth, taking into account normal growth trends. Geostatistics is a branch of Statistics that emerged in the 1960s in France with applications to the study of the behavior of spatial phenomena, initially used for prospecting in geology and mining. Later it began to have applications in the environment and social sciences. The research work presented here aims to apply Geostatistics techniques to the dynamics of urban growth in the municipality of Oeiras, in Portugal. The results of the used method allowed us to understand the trends of urban growth on the surface and underground, as well as the advantages and usefulness of the Geostatistical technique applied to urban planning.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Fernando da Fonseca Cruz
Atlantic-University Institute, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, Oeiras, Portugal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v5/4171

Quantifying ETo Maps Across Egypt: A Remote Sensing Approach to Address Water Needs for Agricultural Irrigation| Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 4

Egypt faces acute water scarcity, posing a critical challenge to its agricultural sector, which consumes approximately 85% of the nation’s water resources. This challenge is compounded by the government's horizontal agricultural expansion strategy to meet the demands of rapid population growth. To support sustainable water resource management, this study integrates GIS with the FAO Penman-Monteith equation to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) across Egypt using high-resolution climate data (1970–2000) from over 10,000 spatial points. By leveraging remote sensing and advanced spatial interpolation techniques, the study generates monthly ETo maps, providing precise insights into the spatial and temporal variability of ETo. The results reveal significant seasonal trends: the highest mean ETo value (9.5 mm/day) occurs in June, while the lowest (3.28 mm/day) is observed in December. A clear north-to-south gradient in ETo values is identified, influenced by temperature and solar radiation, with the Red Sea Coast exhibiting lower ETo due to higher humidity levels. These findings hold practical implications for sustainable agricultural planning and water conservation. Policymakers can use high-resolution ETo maps to optimize irrigation schedules, reduce water wastage, and identify low-evapotranspiration zones suitable for agricultural expansion. This scalable methodology, incorporating remote sensing for enhanced data collection, offers a robust framework for addressing water management challenges in Egypt and other arid regions globally.

 

Author (s) Details

Hesham Ezz
Civil Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt and Al Madinah High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Egypt.

 

Mohamed Abdelwares
Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v4/4303

Analysis of Hydro-Livability Index Using GIS in Bijapur | Chapter 19 | Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach towards Sustainable Future

Livability is the degree to which a particular place is good for human habitation. Livability is an objective assessment that takes into account factors such as access to amenities, safety, transportation, and environmental quality. GIS has become one of the important tools in this present generation to understand and visualize spatial data as stated by Yu, D., & Zhang, Y. (2019) in ‘The livable urban landscape: GIS and remote sensing extracted land use assessment for urban livability in Changchun Proper, China’. Groundwater is an essential component of the environment and economy of the nation. Knowing the proper levels of groundwater helps people in determining the most suitable place for human habitat or industrial developments. Thematic map is a specialized map made to visualize a particular theme or parameter about a geographic area. The collected and analyzed data are then Inserted to the GIS software to generate the thematic maps of each parameter as said by Salve, S. (2020). ‘Livability analysis of people's living comfort in different cities of India using GIS: A prototype’. Collection of data is done by the open source which is available on various websites and being inputted to the Arc GIS. Hydrology watershed is found out by these steps spatial analyst Tools Hydrology flow direction Flow accumulation basin conversion raster to polygon stream order flow directions these are the steps involved in calculation of watershed then for the groundwater potential zone as said by Badamasi, H. (2022). ‘A review of GIS-based hydrological models for sustainable groundwater management’.  Dem data and shape files are taken and then projection is done to the shape files after it is done digitalization geo database. After all the thematic maps are overlaid, analysis will be done considering the whole study area, weightages are assigned to the place according to the values of the data obtained. After the analysis of the overlaid layers is done, the complete study area classified into high, medium, average and low live able area according to their weightages assigned.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Manasa R
Department of Civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of technology, India.

 

Tejas K
Department of Civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of technology, India.

 

Bhoomika K N
Department of Civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of technology, India.

 

Harshavardhana S
Department of Civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of technology, India.

Pradeep Kotikani
Department of Civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of technology, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-47-3/CH19

Foundations and Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS | Book Publisher International

Remote sensing is the art and science of obtaining information about an object which is not in contact with it, Geospatial technologies such as high-resolution satellite data, GPS and GIS can be effectively used in the agricultural sector. Therefore this book provides the basic knowledge of remote sensing, GPS & GIS to students, researchers and academicians in the fields of agriculture.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. Samadhan Surwase
Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari Bk., Pune (MH), India.

 

Dr. Preeti Deshmukh
Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari Bk, Pune (MH), India.

 

Dr. Prakash Kadu
College of Agril. Nagpur, Dr. PDKV Akola (MH), India.

 

Dr. S. K. Singh
ICAR- NBSS&LUP, Nagpur (MH), India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-73-2

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Drones in the Mining Industry: A Case Study | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 9

In this branch, we are utilizing AI-stimulate drones for the analysis of agricultural land use in excavating leases. Drones in mining have proved tremendous growth and have further added meaningful value to all mining projects. With better arrangement, in-depth study, diminished expenses, and profound workers' security, the mining industry has erect its hero. The automation of drone control, which involves the control of navigation and evolution, has been made likely by the use of machine intelligence (AI). Numerous techniques, such as GPS pursuing, computer view, and machine learning algorithms, maybe used to implement this application. During the survey, data was grabbed using drone tools within the mining sublet and up to 100 meters from allure boundary. The data was used to devise 3-dimensional models of the excavating lease. The survey area and winged path were forged using KML in software uses, which admitted for precise planning and killing of the drone flights.Drones are crucial for land scrutinizing and mapping due to their singular mix of dimensional coverage and resolution. The Orthomosaic device may produce extreme precision georeferencing if various ground-control points were used. In conjunction with field observations, drones determine a prompt and precise method of recording land data and allure use. A drone survey and mapping movement was conducted within a excavating lease located near the village of Kanthariya, in the Tehsil and District of Chittorgarh, top an area of 64.75 hectares, for the study of agricultural land use in the mining hire. The use of artificial intelligence to mechanize the control of drones is an application of AI in the field of drone electronics. This technology can boost the accuracy and efficiency of drone movements, including traveling and movement.

Author(s) Details:

Hitanshu Kaushal,
College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Anupam Bhatnagar,
Department of Mining Engineering, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V9/article/view/11665

A Simple Approach to Describe Traffic Fluxes and Urban Congestion by Attractors’ Method | Chapter 4 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 A mathematical approach was used to analyze positions of heavy and congested sell goods urban extents, which contained both the recognition of particular parts that attract trainers in a multipoint-to-multipoint traffic structure and their categorization (attractor’s value) as a function of the number of people visiting ruling class by car indifferent time ranges. Attractors' dispersion density values have happened calculated utilizing a Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) function, and they have been combined accompanying nodal and crucial traffic points and traffic mass in a "congestion" graph. Finally, cross-comparing congestion principles with the site of buildings, the drive network and the Corine Land Use/Land Cover environmental classification, a “Quality of Life” plan has been create. The authors use this term because the blockage of traffic flows, with all the problems that it requires (such as long travel occasion, air and acoustic contamination, and so on) is a good indicator of the character of life, exceptionally in small towns. The judgments demonstrate that this type of "off-line" reasoning would permit administrators to quickly and economically identify extents where traffic noise and jumps have defeater in competition impact on civilians' quality of existence and, as a result, concentrate priceless ground measurements and invasions primarily there.

Author(s) Details:

Emanuele Loret,
c/o European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Gaia Gullotta,
c/o European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Maurizio Fea,
Council of Presidency, Italian Geophysical Association (AGI), Rome, Italy.

Francesco Sarti,
Earth Observation Science Strategy, Coordination and Planning Office, Directorate of Earth Observation, European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10101

Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Studying the Large Roman Urban System Expansion during the Last Twenty Years: A Combined Approach | Chapter 11 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Several factors, such as rapid population shifts, poorly organized areas, and a lack of data for monitoring urban growth and land use change, may contribute to the ongoing challenges for spatial planning and policy in megacities such as Rome. This study was conducted to investigate the past and present effects of the urbanization process, occurred over the large Roman urban system, on the basis of multi-source and multi-temporal optical remote sensing (RS) data, collected between 1990 and 2013. These modifications were then validated using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in a specific procedure for urban land/agricultural transformations. The proposed method, which is based on geostatistical methods, was used to calculate the index of innovative space (AP Index), which is useful for monitoring the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is strong evidence of urban expansion in the city's north-eastern quarter, accompanied by environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Urban infill growth is projected to emerge in the south-eastern areas as well, potentially increasing urban pressure. Finally, RS and GIS technologies, in conjunction with ancillary data, can be used to aid decision-makers in developing future strategies for identifying appropriate solutions to urbanization encroachment.

Author(s) Details:

Emanuele Loret,
Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science (DISP), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy.

Luca Martino,
Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes, EOP-G Department, European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Maurizio Fea,
Council of Presidency, Italian Geophysical Association (AGI), Rome, Italy.

Francesco Sarti,
Earth Observation Science Strategy, Coordination and Planning Office, Directorate of Earth Observation, European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10005

Hydro-chemical Assessment of Water Used for Agricultural Soil Irrigation: Case Study in the Water Area of the Three Morava Rivers in the Republic of Serbia | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 

This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of irrigation water from the aspect of its potential negative impact on soil salinization and the creation of maps for the spatial distribution in the area of the three Morava rivers, which includes the basin of the South, West, and Great Morava. A total of 215 irrigation water samples were tested and assessed based on the analysis of the following parameters: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salt (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and content of SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > CO32-  Assessment of the suitability of irrigation water was determined by calculating the following indices: sodium percentage (Na %), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), potential salinity (PS), Kelly index (KI), total hardness (TH), irrigation water quality index (IWQI). Using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), which was assessed based on comparing irrigation water quality parameters with specific standards with one value, was determined that 95.34% of the tested samples were ranked as excellent and good, and 4.66% of samples were determined as poor and very poor. Based on the Wilcox diagram, USSL diagram, and Doneen diagram, it was concluded that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation. Using multivariate statistical techniques and correlation matrices in combination with other hydrogeochemical tools such as Piper, Chad, Hydrochemical Facies Diagram (HFE), and Gibbs diagram, the main factors associated with hydrogeochemical variability were identified. The work aims to point out to policymakers and decision-makers the use of water for irrigation of appropriate quality and the need for continuous monitoring and risk management through the establishment of tools for generating quick reports for application in real-time at the research site.

Author(s) Details:

Radmila Pivic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Jelena Maksimovic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Zoran Dinic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Darko Jaramaz,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Dragana Vidojevic,
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Serbian Environmental Protection Agency-11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Aleksandra Stanojkovic-Sebic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V1/article/view/9771

Remote Sensing and GIS-based Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study of Bagain River Basin, Bundelkhand Region, India| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 In our contemporary geographical and geological investigations, the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) have shown to be effective tools. In this study, remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to extract the morphological features of a river in the water-stressed Bundelkhand region. The most recent Landsat-8 data and SOI toposheets were utilised to assess the morphometric analysis. A tributary of the Yamuna, the Bagain river basin has been chosen for this investigation. The linear, areal, and relief components of the morphometric study are included. The area has been discovered to be covered in steep Vindhyan hills. There are numerous drainage systems that start in the south, travel to the north, and discharge into the Yamuna River. River basins have a moderate drainage roughness and a dendritic, parallel, and trellis pattern. High bifurcation ratio suggests that the drainage network was distorted or affected by the geologic features. A divergence from a straight line in the logarithm of stream number vs stream order indicates regional uplift. Low drainage density estimates suggest that the region is covered by an impermeable subsurface material while having a mountainous relief. In order to aid in watershed management, the study's account of information regarding drainage pattern, stream behaviour, and morphometric setting of drainage within the network was presented.

Author(s) Details:

Umakant Rawat,
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India.

Sourabh Nema,
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India.

Ravikant Rawat,
GIS Expert GIZ, Bhopal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V1/article/view/7939

Change Detection Using Landsat Data 2000 and Sentinel Data 2020 for Meghadrigedda Sub-Watersheds Using Hydrogeomorphology, NDWI and, NDVI, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh-India | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 With global warming and over-exploitation of water resources as a result of population growth and other challenges, several studies are being conducted around the world to restore a balance of current water resources and consumption. This research is based on a 366-square-kilometer watershed surrounding the Meghadrigedda reservoir in the Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, on a 1:50,000 scale 65O/1 SOI map. The watershed was divided into nine sub-watersheds, and the study area's hydrogeomorphology, drainage, drainage density, slope, NDVI, and NDWI were all completed using Landsat data 2010 and Sentinel data 2020 in ArcGIS 10.0. All of the villages in the catchment rely heavily on groundwater for irrigation, drinking, and personal use. The decline in surface water and groundwater as a result of increasing built-up area, pond siltation, and a reduction in the number of ponds was shown using change detection. In the watershed, large-scale anthropogenic activities are taking place. The government must reduce built-up activity and desilt the ponds to keep the monsoon water flowing. The study's findings can be used to plan and build a long-term basin area.

Author(s) Details:

Usha Chirala,
Department of Geo-Engineering, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-4/article/view/7118

Evaluation of Land Use Changes on Stream Discharge by SWAT Model and Remote Sensing in Agro-Forestry Basin in Nghinh Tuong Subwatershed, Northern Vietnam | Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of land-use changes on stream discharge in the Nghinh Tuong watershed (a branch of the Cau river) in Northern Vietnam using the "Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)" model and GIS. The watershed was 56 percent forested, 30 percent agricultural, and the rest was undeveloped.

Stream discharge observation data from 2001 to 2010 was used for the calibration period, whereas the validation period was from 2011 to 2020.

The results revealed that two coefficients (NSE and PBIAS) were 0.76 and 6.54 percent for calibration and 0.87 and 4.74 percent for validation period, respectively, to evaluate model performance. Changes in land use, as well as the amount of precipitation, have a big impact on stream discharge. Agricultural land (corn, orchard, and tea) increases by 9782.67 ha (2.45 percent) over the baseline scenario, whereas woodland (forest-mixed) drops by 1091.77 ha (2.75 percent ). Furthermore, precipitation increases 3.74 percent in the mean wet season but decreases 0.5 percent in the mean dry season when compared to the baseline period. The SWAT model was able to successfully simulate stream discharge and sediment output for the Nghinh Tuong watershed not only for the Baseline scenario, but also for Scenario 1. SWAT shows its capacity to replicate stream discharge at the subwatershed level in a nutshell. It's a great tool for dealing with water quantity and quality management in the Nghinh Tuong watershed. According to this study, SWAT is an excellent strategy for resource and environmental management.

Author(S) Details

Phan Dinh Binh
Faculty of Resources Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Viet Nam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V4/article/view/4846

Morphometric Investigations of Tapi Micro Watershed, Asirgarh, Burhanpur District, MP, India with Emphasis on Geographical Data Analysis | Chapter 14 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 Morphometry is a useful tool for identifying the earth's morphological and hydrological properties. The goal of this study is to determine the morphological characteristics of the Tapi micro watershed. Geospatial inquiry, which includes remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), and global positioning systems (GPS), has shown to be a successful device in today's field of geographical and geological investigations. For the identification of diverse morphological features and to evaluate their presence in a mountainous river basin of Asirgarh volcano, which is located in the Burhanpur district, MP, India, a Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing techniques were used. The quantitative description and analysis of landforms is known as morphometric analysis. Morphometry of any drainage basin is a systematic procedure that is critical to understanding the basin's hydrological behaviour. The study area's morphometric parameters have been analysed in terms of three sorts of aspects: linear, areal, and relief aspects. Stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drainage frequency, drainage texture, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, and compactness ratio were among the morphometric parameters examined in the research region. Morphometric results certainly clarify relationships among different morphometric parameters of the basin and aid in recognising their function in identifying groundwater potential zones for the region's long-term development. Several maps have been created utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques to designate groundwater potential zones for the Tapi micro watershed's long-term development. The drainage network in the studied area is dendritic to sub-dendritic, implying that lithology and terrain influence drainage patterns.

Author(S) Details

Mayura Deshmukh
Department of Geology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, India.

S. F. R. Khadri
Department of Geology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V7/article/view/4431

Determining the Impact of Coastal Flooding on Resident Living in Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria | Chapter 13 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Coastal flooding is one of the world's most dangerous natural dangers, impacting more people and destroying more property than any other natural disaster. The purpose of this study was to see how coastal flooding affected residents on Vitoria Island in Lagos, Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to determine the causes of coastal flooding in the Victoria Island area of Lagos State; assess the extent and implications of coastal flooding at various times; create a DEM map for the study area using GIS techniques; assess the effects of coastal flooding on residents' socioeconomic characteristics; and devise strategies for managing coastal flooding. To collect the necessary data for the study's aims, a structural questionnaire and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were employed. The coastal flooding of Victoria Island, Lagos, was studied using a 1962 topographic map and Landsat TM satellite images from 1984, ETM+ 2000, and 2011. ILWIS 3.2 and ArcGIS 3.9 were used to create a supervised digital picture categorization technique. To get the changes in the shorelines in these years, the topographic map of 1962 and the imagery of 1984 were pasted and crossed; 1984 and 2000; and 2000 and 2011 were also crossed. The findings show that there was a loss in landmass between 1962 and 1984 (31.4%), but there was a rise in landmass acquisition between 1984 and 2000 (81.89%) and 2000-2011 (62.11%). The study suggested that standard paved surfaces and drainages be built, as well as law enforcement on waste disposal, an integrated strategy to flooding management and control, and flood insurance policies, to lessen the impact of coastal flooding. The association between flooding and waste disposal was investigated using correlation. The findings reveal a substantial link between the occurrence of floods and poor waste disposal methods.

Author (S) Details

Oyinloye Michael Ajide
Department of Urban of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3860

Studies on Soil Information System by Using Landsat TM and ASTER Images - Larrache - Morocco| Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

A solid management strategy must start with a detailed awareness of the resources available. Soil is a nonrenewable natural resource that acts as a vital medium for all other living things. Having detailed soil parameters in digital format can help with improved management by allowing for more accurate crop allocation and administration of necessary fertilisers to each crop. Soil is a three-dimensional entity having qualities that reflect the influence of climate, plant, wildlife, man, and geography on the parent material of soil over time. Furthermore, soil digital information will promote sustainable land use by allowing crops to be distributed depending on soil fertility, so saving money, effort, and time during the production cycle. There are many tools available; Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are two of the most important instruments used in the development of digital spatial soil information, which is reinforced by thorough field work. A land unit basis map was created using Landsat TM and ASTER photos, which was then used in field work. A minimum of one soil profile was obtained for each land unit during the field survey, totaling 317 soil profiles (horizons were described, photographed, and sample were collected). Land units have been modified based on field findings such as morphology and vegetation type.

As a result, a complete digital soil map for the study area (Larache, Morocco) was developed, together with a database of chemical and physical properties. This database will be used to support a variety of important geographical assessments, including crop suitability, irrigation, forest development, and capability analysis.

Author (S) Details

Waad Ibrahim

Environmental Planning und Studies, Geo-Data Base and Geoinformation Application Berlin, Germany

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3816

Exploration on Coral Reef Resources, Using Glint Removal and Depth Attenuation Index on Alos Imagery at Biak Island, Papua, Indonesia | Chapter 3 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 The coral reef resources at Biak Island were identified and examined using ground truth data collected in July 2007 and Alos imaging analysis with a 10 m resolution recorded on May 25, 2010, with the assumption that nothing has changed for the past three years. The work uses glint removal and depth invariant index techniques to build coral reef ecosystem groups by combining 59 field data with Alos image data. Live corals, dead corals, a mixture of both, and sand are the four classes. The algorithm, which is made up of three visible bands, works best in clear water rather than turbid water. As a result, vegetation covering, as well as seagrass, seaweed, and macroalgae that are only present in small amounts and are frequently covered by fine sand materials and linked with turbid water, is overlooked. Corals on Biak Island are spatially narrow, 50 to 150 m broad, covering an area of 1031 ha., with live corals dominating 38 ha. (3 percent), and 50 – 700 m wide, covering an area of 2161 ha., with live corals dominating 215 ha (9 percent ). The powerful waves from the Pacific Ocean are thought to be preventing corals in the north from thriving. The goal of this study is to create a map of the coral reef ecosystem on Biak Island, Indonesia, which is located between 135o48'E and 136o28'E; 0o41'S and 1o15'S.

Author (s) Details

Suyarso
Research Centre for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2404

Studies on Integrated GIS and AHP for Marine Aquaculture Site Selection in Penghu Cove in Taiwan | Chapter 2 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 In Taiwan, government policy has accelerated the transition from land-based to marine cage culture in recent years. As a result, choosing the right location is a crucial principle and determinant for future success in marine cage culture and sustainable development. It has a significant impact on economic viability by deciding capital expenditure and impacting operating expenses, production, and mortality. As a result, climate considerations, geographic environmental elements, bio-environmental factors, and social-economic aspects play a larger role in site selection. With the rapid growth of marine cage culture, there is a growing need for coastal zone environment analyses, which is a difficult task that requires one of the most useful tools for these types of analyses: the Geographic Information System (GIS). The criteria weight for site selection was evaluated using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) in this study. The weights of applicability of the four GIS grid themes were 0.322, 0.410, 0.127, and 0.141, respectively, according to AHP analysis. The findings reveal that geographic environmental elements are the most essential considerations when selecting acceptable marine culture sites in Taiwan's Penghu bay. Meanwhile, a suitable map was created using ArcMap, a GIS software application, based on the specified grid themes. The GIS software and the AHP approach can be used to objectively choose the best sites for marine cage culture development based on the eligible sites discovered on the specific GIS grid themes.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Yi-Che Shih
Planning and Training Center of National Academy of Marine Research, Ocean Affairs Council, Taiwan and Department of Maritime Police University and Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2403

Gully Development Mapping for Effective Remediation and Control Using Geospatial Technology | Chapter 8 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

 Gully erosion has reached alarming proportions in south-eastern Nigeria, prompting the use of geospatial information technology to map a gully erosion site in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, for effective remediation and control. The use of dual frequency Leica GPS 1200 provided ground controls in the vicinity of the gully head. The formation and growth of gullies causes large amounts of sediment to be released into receiving streams, polluting sources of water supply for the rapidly growing urban population. The obtained data were downloaded and processed using Leica Geo Office 8.3 before being exported to Arc GIS 10.1 and Auto CAD Civil 3D 2013 for terrain analysis-DEM. In addition, the Leica Total Station TS 06 was used for topographic mapping. The defined runoff contributing area aided in calculating the maximum discharge (using the Rational method). The computed runoff of 33.919m3/s accounts for the rapid rate of gully headscarp retreat of 1.2 m/day prior to intervention by the state government during the month of July. The findings were put to use in the design of gully control structures.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Charles Udosen
Department of Geography, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

Mr. Okon Efiong Ubom
Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd, Uyo, Nigeria.

Mr. Abasi-Ifreke S. Etok
Akwa Ibom State, College of Arts and Sciences, Nung Ukim, Ikono, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V4/article/view/1627

Monitoring Flood Simulation for Prediction Using 3D and Swat in Terengganu River Catchment | Chapter 1 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 For many years, the River (Sungai) Terengganu catchment in Malaysia has been flooding, causing significant problems for both residents and the environment. The variables obtained from the soil and water assessment tool SWAT, such as land use, soil, and slope, are the parameters measured in this study, which uses real-time simulation in ArcGIS 10.3 and 3D in ArcScene 10.3. induce the flood. When certain portions of the Hydrologic response unit HRU; land use, soil or slope is changed due to temporal adjustment and climate change, then the model can predicts zones of low, moderate and high flood risk. The 3D simulations appear to produce visual model for decisionmaking, planning, management and mitigation.

Author (s) Details

Ibrahim Sufiyan
Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nigeria.

Nasir M. Idris
Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria.

K. D. Muhammad
Federal University Lafia, Nigeria.

T. O. Adamu
Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria.

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Comparing the Irrigation Systems in Different Agro-Ecological Zone of Domar Upazila, Nilphamari, Bangladesh | Chapter 4 |International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

An agro-ecological (AEZ) zone defines all characteristics of agricultural phenomena such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil quality, soil fertility, and crop pattern in a specific area. This research was conducted to establish irrigation distribution, crop pattern, and their relationship. H. Brammer's research "Agroecological aspects on agricultural research of Bangladesh" divided 12 AEZ units into a study area focused on topography, soil characteristics, and growth potential. Data was obtained using a questionnaire survey, official documents, and the positions of irrigation machines using a Germin eTrex 30 GPS machine and Google Earth Pro. Irrigation distribution maps were generated using ArcGIS 10's XY data input and position data. Crop pattern map was developed by analysing satellite images from Google Earth at different times of the year. In Domar upazila, 4242 irrigation machines, including electric pumps, diesel pumps, and deep tubewells, were discovered, as well as a connection between irrigation systems and crop patterns. According to findings, diesel pumps are predominantly used in AEZ units 1, 5, and 12, which are dominated by potato, maize, groundnut, chilli, and tobacco cultivation, while deep tubewells and electric pumps are used in the remaining AEZ units, which are dominated by boro cultivation. Irrigation machines that are distributed properly can take less time to irrigate the same land that is irrigated haphazardly. This study aids in comparing the irrigation systems of various AEZ units and ensuring that the proper irrigation system is in operation. Irrigation systems distributed according to AEZ units increase agricultural production while also improving socioeconomic conditions. In the future, a researcher will be able to use this analysis to define crop pattern distribution, irrigation machine distribution, relationship with AEZ units, crop pattern and irrigation system, and GIS application for further research related to this study.

Author (s) Details

Subaran Chandra Sarker
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

S. M. Zahid Hasan
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V8/issue/view/37