Use of NRCS Model Approach in a Watershed without Landcover Data | Chapter 7 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 This branch highlights the request of NRCS Model to Watershed Having No Landcover Data. In the current study, the length and slope limits of a watershed are used to request the NRCS model with a speed factor judging technique. According to the features of the Kirpich formula and speed relationship, the time and slope data maybe used to directly decide the flow velocity for a container or area where water is held. The model is applied to two ungauged watersheds, Madhura and Ghagra situated in Barak basin in India to receive triangular UH administering NRCS technique. Drainage network for the watersheds and the geomorphologic limits are estimated utilizing 30m-ASTER DEM. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a potentially persuasive tool in displaying spatially varied methods. Most of the geomorphologic parameters that are necessary for developing UH for a turning point are spatially varied and many authors have secondhand GIS in estimating geomorphic IUH/UH for a container or area where water is held. Length and average slope values for the watersheds are supposed using GIS method. Peak UH results produced utilizing the model are contrasted accompanying prior GIUH results; a contrasting of the model performances discloses that the NRCS model performs likewise when the velocity determinant is calculated utilizing length and slope variables. Watersheds that are not measure and for which skilled are no data toward cover characteristics will benefit from the inclusion of the novel velocity belief technique into the NRCS model.

Author(s) Details:

Parthasarathi Choudhury,
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India.

Jotish Nongthombam,
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11088

Comprehensive Impact Assessment of Watershed Interventions in South Pennaiyar Catchment of Tamil Nadu, India | Chapter 1 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The belongings of comprehensive attacks in erosion control, increasing water approachability, developing agroforestry, directing natural resources sustainably, increasing land productivity, and sending the socioeconomic needs of farmers were investigated. The impacts of big watershed happening programmes have been outlined in agreements of biophysical impacts, environmental impacts, socio-business-related impacts and overall economic impacts. It is indicated that the watershed development exercises have made important positive impacts on various biophysical facets such as soil and water preservation, soil fertility, soil and water erosion in cut area, changes in cutting pattern, cropping force, production and productivity of crops. The study was administered in South Pennaiyar catchment in Dharmapuri, Salem, Villupuram, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu for three age during 2012-14. By employing layered random sampling system 15 study watersheds (SWS) were selected and the benchmark dossier collected for one PIA at the time of project planning were secondhand for the study and analyzed through calculating techniques or appropriate enumerations. The evaluation study reveals that 8 to 10 portion reduction of drainage. Soil loss also weakened in the range of 1.1 to 1.9 t ha-1yr-1. Gully control structures fashioned their impacts in terms of arresting silts at the rate of about 10.1 cum yr-1 in individual watershed and maintained the gullies. Increased water table in the range of 0.32 and 0.93 m accompanying increased duration of water chance in wells for more than 9 months and raised recuperation rate (1.8 to 6.5 per cent) were noticed. An additional surface depository capacity of 26.4 ha - m per watershed was forged due to container or area where water is held interventions. The Net Present value of the project is about Rs. 52,238 lakhs despite everything intangible benefits. The financial soundness of the project is likewise amply indicated by BCR (1.65:1) and IRR (53%) and all investment fashioned in the project can be recovered inside seven years. The NPV of the project further upgraded by inclusion of monetary advantage of the nutrient on account of reduced soil erosion. The worth of NPV was more than Rs. 63,968 Lakhs accompanying 1.72 BCR and 65.5 % IRR. It is advised that penal institution valley project in Tamil Nadu's South Pennaiyar catchment be given preference in order to advance sustainable agricultural progress in the river and accumulation catchments.The evaluation study conclude that aforementioned projects should naive the catchments of reservoirs on priority in a more intense and coordinated manner accompanying active partnership of local community, guided by mechanics requirement alternatively the rigid government averages along with mechanics back stopping mechanism and removal strategy.

Author(s) Details:

S. Manivannan,
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Research Centre, Udhagamandalam–643004, Tamil Nadu, India.

O. P. S. Khola,
ICAR – Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Chandigarh-160019, India.

V. Kasthuri Thilagam,
ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V5/article/view/9716

Remote Sensing and GIS-based Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study of Bagain River Basin, Bundelkhand Region, India| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 In our contemporary geographical and geological investigations, the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) have shown to be effective tools. In this study, remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to extract the morphological features of a river in the water-stressed Bundelkhand region. The most recent Landsat-8 data and SOI toposheets were utilised to assess the morphometric analysis. A tributary of the Yamuna, the Bagain river basin has been chosen for this investigation. The linear, areal, and relief components of the morphometric study are included. The area has been discovered to be covered in steep Vindhyan hills. There are numerous drainage systems that start in the south, travel to the north, and discharge into the Yamuna River. River basins have a moderate drainage roughness and a dendritic, parallel, and trellis pattern. High bifurcation ratio suggests that the drainage network was distorted or affected by the geologic features. A divergence from a straight line in the logarithm of stream number vs stream order indicates regional uplift. Low drainage density estimates suggest that the region is covered by an impermeable subsurface material while having a mountainous relief. In order to aid in watershed management, the study's account of information regarding drainage pattern, stream behaviour, and morphometric setting of drainage within the network was presented.

Author(s) Details:

Umakant Rawat,
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India.

Sourabh Nema,
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India.

Ravikant Rawat,
GIS Expert GIZ, Bhopal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V1/article/view/7939

Comparative Analysis of Automatic Brain Tumor Segmentation Techniques Using Watershed, Region Growing and K-Means Clustering | Chapter 17 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Image segmentation is an important and demanding component in automatic recognition systems for medical images in the broad field of medical image processing. Medical pictures obtained from a variety of sources, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and others, will be used for diagnosis. The goal of this research is to give a thorough examination of several brain tumour segmentation methods. A comparison of these various segmentation conventions has been carried out. The numerous picture segmentation approaches K-Means Clustering, Watershed, and Region are discussed in this work. Methods for detecting brain tumours from sample MRI images of the brain are being developed.

Author(S) Details

Arati Kothari
Department of Computer Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V8/article/view/5815

Evaluation of Land Use Changes on Stream Discharge by SWAT Model and Remote Sensing in Agro-Forestry Basin in Nghinh Tuong Subwatershed, Northern Vietnam | Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of land-use changes on stream discharge in the Nghinh Tuong watershed (a branch of the Cau river) in Northern Vietnam using the "Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)" model and GIS. The watershed was 56 percent forested, 30 percent agricultural, and the rest was undeveloped.

Stream discharge observation data from 2001 to 2010 was used for the calibration period, whereas the validation period was from 2011 to 2020.

The results revealed that two coefficients (NSE and PBIAS) were 0.76 and 6.54 percent for calibration and 0.87 and 4.74 percent for validation period, respectively, to evaluate model performance. Changes in land use, as well as the amount of precipitation, have a big impact on stream discharge. Agricultural land (corn, orchard, and tea) increases by 9782.67 ha (2.45 percent) over the baseline scenario, whereas woodland (forest-mixed) drops by 1091.77 ha (2.75 percent ). Furthermore, precipitation increases 3.74 percent in the mean wet season but decreases 0.5 percent in the mean dry season when compared to the baseline period. The SWAT model was able to successfully simulate stream discharge and sediment output for the Nghinh Tuong watershed not only for the Baseline scenario, but also for Scenario 1. SWAT shows its capacity to replicate stream discharge at the subwatershed level in a nutshell. It's a great tool for dealing with water quantity and quality management in the Nghinh Tuong watershed. According to this study, SWAT is an excellent strategy for resource and environmental management.

Author(S) Details

Phan Dinh Binh
Faculty of Resources Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Viet Nam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V4/article/view/4846

Soil Vegetation Engineering Model to Maintain Distribution from Water Debit at Watershed Area of Krueng Pase North Aceh | Chapter 10 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 3

 Ground use changes are changing the availability of vegetation cover on open land such as paddy fields and lagoons into grass or shrubs, plantations, and tending to increase the share of land area constructed. Vegetative technology is frequently chosen because it has economic value (productive crops) and can restore a watershed's water system in addition to reducing erosion and sedimentation in rivers. To manage water distribution in the Krueng Pase watershed in North Aceh District, the researchers employed a soil vegetation engineering model. In the Krueng Pase Basin in North Aceh Regency, a grass vegetation model was used as a water and land conservation method to fulfil these goals. The grass vegetation model can tolerate runoff while also increasing infiltration. In this study, the average plant retention to hold rain water was 33 percent for land (without vegetation), 77 percent for grass and herbs, and 81 percent for shrubs. Meanwhile, non-linear regression equation was employed to determine the water denit. The findings suggest that grasses and other soil cover crops can withstand erosion and sedimentation. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.98) was used to determine the link between water discharge and silt. This graph depicts the water loss as a result of precipitation affecting sedimentation volume.

Author(S) Details

Halim Akbar
Department of Agroecotechnology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhoksmawe City, Aceh Utara, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V3/article/view/4486