The Feasibility of Controlled Subsurface Drainage in Saline Vertisols: A Case Study of the TBP Command Area | Chapter 10 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 As the drain discharge water from differing places or facilities will change in their quality traits, surface and subsurface drainage discharge water from irrigated farming field is often changing compared accompanying the quality of the waterway water supply. As a result, in consideration of reuse seepage discharge in crop production, feasibility studies or status assessments of the discharge must be attended for both the short- and general adoption of unoriginal and controlled SSD under various drain spacing. In the TBP command region, there are no specific feasibility studies on the description of drain discharge from various subsurface seepage systems.  Therefore, it is submitted that this experiment be done. At the Agricultural Research Station, Gangavati (Karnataka), a plot experiment was completed activity in rabi 2021 to investigate the characterisation of drain discharge water for allure reuse as watering water. An established and reserved subsurface drainage whole (SSD) was used for the experiment. According to the situations, drain discharge under traditional subsurface drainage methods (SSD) ranged from 3.66 to 0.63 distinguished to 1.38 to 0.42 mm/day under reserved subsurface drainage arrangements, according to water samples acquired from six different examining locations. Drain discharge water's energetic conductivity under rational SSD ranged from 3.89 to 1.24 dS/m, inasmuch as it ranged from 1.01 to 0.81 dS/m under reserved SSD. While salt amount under conventional environments ranged from 29.0 to 11.0 kg/ha, it was 16.5 to 2.5 kg/ha under. Finally, the subsurface seepage system seepage samples were not suitable for talk over again as irrigation water to paddy in the R/S season as per the categorization of irrigation water condition particularly for poorly drained evil soils in the TBP command area.

Author(s) Details:

Hanamantappa Meti,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, College of Agriculture Mandya, Karnataka-571405, India.

Dileep K. C.,
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Mandya, Karnataka-571405, India.

Rajath E.,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, College of Agriculture, GKVK Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Kavya D.,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, College of Agriculture Mandya, Karnataka-571405, India.

Aishwarya Golashetti,
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Mandya, Karnataka-571405, India.

Vishwanath J.,
AICRP on Salt Affected Soils, Agricultural Research Station Gangavathi, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V8/article/view/12092

Hydro-chemical Assessment of Water Used for Agricultural Soil Irrigation: Case Study in the Water Area of the Three Morava Rivers in the Republic of Serbia | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 

This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of irrigation water from the aspect of its potential negative impact on soil salinization and the creation of maps for the spatial distribution in the area of the three Morava rivers, which includes the basin of the South, West, and Great Morava. A total of 215 irrigation water samples were tested and assessed based on the analysis of the following parameters: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salt (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and content of SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > CO32-  Assessment of the suitability of irrigation water was determined by calculating the following indices: sodium percentage (Na %), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), potential salinity (PS), Kelly index (KI), total hardness (TH), irrigation water quality index (IWQI). Using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), which was assessed based on comparing irrigation water quality parameters with specific standards with one value, was determined that 95.34% of the tested samples were ranked as excellent and good, and 4.66% of samples were determined as poor and very poor. Based on the Wilcox diagram, USSL diagram, and Doneen diagram, it was concluded that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation. Using multivariate statistical techniques and correlation matrices in combination with other hydrogeochemical tools such as Piper, Chad, Hydrochemical Facies Diagram (HFE), and Gibbs diagram, the main factors associated with hydrogeochemical variability were identified. The work aims to point out to policymakers and decision-makers the use of water for irrigation of appropriate quality and the need for continuous monitoring and risk management through the establishment of tools for generating quick reports for application in real-time at the research site.

Author(s) Details:

Radmila Pivic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Jelena Maksimovic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Zoran Dinic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Darko Jaramaz,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Dragana Vidojevic,
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Serbian Environmental Protection Agency-11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Aleksandra Stanojkovic-Sebic,
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera-7,11000, Belgrade, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V1/article/view/9771

Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution for Cultivated Soils, Irrigated by Several Irrigation Waters Varying in their Qualities in Al-Hassa Oasis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Chapter 6 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 Twenty-four composite surface soil samples (0-30cm depth) representing cultivated soils irrigated for long periods of time (more than fifteen years) with various irrigation water qualities: (i-ground water (GW), ii-ground water + agricultural drainage water (DW), iii-ground water + tertiary treated wastewater (TTWW), and iv-ground water, (GW) + agricultural drainage water, (DW) + tertiary treated wastewater, (TTWW) These contents can be placed in the following descending order: Fe > Cu >Mn>Zn> Ni >Pb> Co > As > Cd, according to the results. In general, the different irrigation water quality can be grouped in the following order based on their impacts on total heavy metal levels in soils: (GW+DW+TTWW) >(GW+TTWW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW) (GW). The soil irrigated with groundwater is uncontaminated with these elements, according to the geo-accumulation index, Igeo values for Mn, Fe, Co, and Cd. Igeo values for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni, on the other hand, are > 0 and 1, respectively, suggesting that the soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with these elements. In general, Igeo readings for soils irrigated with (GW+ DW+TTWW) indicated heavy metal contamination patterns comparable to those of soils irrigated with (GW+TTWW) and (GW+DW), although at different levels. The studied soils are significantly contaminated with Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn due to irrigation with ground water, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil irrigated with (GW+DW), Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As in both soils irrigated with (GW+TTWW) and (GW+ DW+TTWW), and Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As in both soils irrigated with (GW+ The results show that the EF mean values of heavy metals in the examined soils irrigated with various irrigation water qualities may be arranged in the following descending order: (GW+ DW+TTWW)> (GW+TTWW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW (GW).

(1) Assess heavy metal contamination of agriculture cultivated soil irrigated with different irrigation water qualities in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, using three approaches: the geo accumulation index (Igeo), the Enrichment Facto (EF), and the Pollution Index (PI).

Author(S) Details

M. S. Mohammed
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt and Soil and Water Expert, Al- Hassa Irrigation and Drainage Authority, KSA.

A. A. M. Sallam
Agriculture Operation, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, KSA and College of Technology and Development, Zigzag University, Egypt.

S. M. Aleid
Food Science, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, KSA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V4/article/view/5137

Georgics of Ground Water Quality and Its Geogenic Management in Coastal Odisha; India | Chapter 8 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Odisha, an agrarian state on India's east coast, is divided into seven districts along the 480-kilometer Bay of Bengal coast. Rain and ground water are important for agriculture and livelihood in Odisha. It is orthodox and dishonest to use water for irrigation and water supply on a whim. Ground water along the coast has become unfit for cultivation due to anthropogenic stress and salinity contamination from densely populated coastal districts. The condition of the aquifer geometry, ground water, flow regime, and its quality all play a role in yield augmentation. Coastal Odisha covers 14700 km2 and is home to 1.26 million inhabitants, extending 20-25 kilometres inland. Six anastomosed river systems debouch the Bay of Bengal thanks to the land cover of mangroves, sodden trees, alluvial flora, waterlogged swamps, deciduous forests, and sandy dunes. The edaphic factors demand that brackish water in its aquifers be upgraded. The physicochemical parameters of its wells/tube wells water used for irrigation, such as pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, and values of dissolved ionic constituents (Na+, Mg++, Ca++,K+), are studied for the years 2009-2014, as well as rainfall (2008-2020), river flow, and paddy yield. The water quality indices of the collected underground water, such as Sodium absorption ratio, Kelly's index, Permeability Index, and many others, are measured to discuss their suitability for use as irrigation water in the region and considered healthy. Various water management techniques are researched, and ongoing moderation procedures are mirrored, so that coastal Odisha's ground water can be used for irrigation productively.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Siba Prasad Mishra
Civil Engineering Department, Centurion University and Technology, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Pin-752050, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V4/article/view/641