Twenty-four composite surface soil samples (0-30cm depth) representing cultivated soils irrigated for long periods of time (more than fifteen years) with various irrigation water qualities: (i-ground water (GW), ii-ground water + agricultural drainage water (DW), iii-ground water + tertiary treated wastewater (TTWW), and iv-ground water, (GW) + agricultural drainage water, (DW) + tertiary treated wastewater, (TTWW) These contents can be placed in the following descending order: Fe > Cu >Mn>Zn> Ni >Pb> Co > As > Cd, according to the results. In general, the different irrigation water quality can be grouped in the following order based on their impacts on total heavy metal levels in soils: (GW+DW+TTWW) >(GW+TTWW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW)> (GW+DW) (GW). The soil irrigated with groundwater is uncontaminated with these elements, according to the geo-accumulation index, Igeo values for Mn, Fe, Co, and Cd. Igeo values for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni, on the other hand, are > 0 and 1, respectively, suggesting that the soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with these elements. In general, Igeo readings for soils irrigated with (GW+ DW+TTWW) indicated heavy metal contamination patterns comparable to those of soils irrigated with (GW+TTWW) and (GW+DW), although at different levels. The studied soils are significantly contaminated with Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn due to irrigation with ground water, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil irrigated with (GW+DW), Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As in both soils irrigated with (GW+TTWW) and (GW+ DW+TTWW), and Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As in both soils irrigated with (GW+ The results show that the EF mean values of heavy metals in the examined soils irrigated with various irrigation water qualities may be arranged in the following descending order: (GW+ DW+TTWW)> (GW+TTWW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW+DW) > (GW (GW).
(1) Assess heavy metal contamination of agriculture cultivated soil irrigated with different irrigation water qualities in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, using three approaches: the geo accumulation index (Igeo), the Enrichment Facto (EF), and the Pollution Index (PI).Author(S) Details
M. S. Mohammed
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt and Soil and Water Expert, Al- Hassa Irrigation and Drainage Authority, KSA.
A. A. M. Sallam
Agriculture Operation, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, KSA and College of Technology and Development, Zigzag University, Egypt.
S. M. Aleid
Food Science, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, KSA.
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