Asynchronous emergence and long emergence durations in weed species are major aspects that make weed management more difficult. Asynchronous emergence of weed species is caused by seed heteromorphism and polymorphism. Bidens pilosa is a weed that is considered noxious. It has heteromorphic achenes that are separated into central and peripheral achenes in its capitulum. Central achenes have longer thorns that face outward from the capitulum, whereas peripheral achenes have shorter thorns that face inward. We anticipated that dimorphic achenes of B. pilosa have diverse seed dispersion methods, and we analysed the difficulties of detachment and seasonal changes in germination to find out. Our findings showed that central achenes were substantially easier to detach than peripheral achenes, implying that central achenes might be utilised for dispersal to larger areas while peripheral achenes may be used for dispersal to smaller areas. Furthermore, central achenes germination rates were higher than peripheral achenes. In May, only the centre achenes germinated well in dark conditions at 20°C. In July, however, peripheral achenes germinated well in dim settings at 20°C and 25°C. This meant that central achenes germinated first (in May), followed by peripheral achenes later in the summer. Our findings also revealed that photoblastic germination in B. pilosa achenes exhibited seasonal variations, with light-induced germination occurring in March and dark-induced germination occurring from May through September. Asynchronous emergence of plants is caused by dimorphic achenes, seasonal changes in dormancy, and photoblastic germination, making it difficult to regulate the spread of B. pilosa.
Author(S) Details
Inagaki Hidehiro
Shizuoka University, Fujieda, Japan.
Kinoshita Takehiro
Shizuoka University, Fujieda, Japan.
View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V4/article/view/5134
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