Diversity and Prevalence of Trematode Infections in Freshwater Gastropods of the Gharb Region, Morocco (2012-2013) | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 6

The majority of studies on trematode infections in snails in Morocco have focused on those of medical and veterinary importance, while little information on other trematode species is available in existing literature. Several studies indicate that global climate change may alter the distribution and prevalence of medical and veterinary significance trematodes, potentially even increasing their occurrence in certain regions. In the summer of 2012 and the spring of 2013, a snail survey aimed at determining relationships between the distribution of molluscan fauna, various environmental factors and trematode infection was carried out in the Gharb area, Morocco. The molluscan fauna consisted of eleven species belonging to 6 families, (including 9 gastropods and 2 bivalves). Cercariae belonging to five families were collected. Only Melanopsis praemorsa, Lymnaea peregra and Lymnaea truncatula issued the cercariae. No case of mixed-species infections was found.

 

The present study, the first of its kind in the Gharb region, paved the way for other studies to learn information about the distribution and ecology of freshwater molluscs in the region. This study will serve to stimulate further work on patent and pre-patent infections of snail hosts; larval behaviour and morphology, geographical distribution of trematodes; infections in human beings, livestock and wildlife; and clinical manifestations of trematode infection in the Gharb area.

 

Author (s) Details

Hicham Barkia
Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology & Health, University Ibn Tofail, BP. 133, Kenitra, Morocco, Directorate of Epidemiology and Fight against Diseases (DELM), Ministry of Health, 71 Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal - Rabat, Morocco, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh, Morocco and Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Rabat, Morocco.

 

Abdelaziz Barkia
Directorate of Epidemiology and Fight against Diseases (DELM), Ministry of Health, 71 Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal - Rabat, Morocco.

Rajae Yacoubi
Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology & Health, University Ibn Tofail, BP. 133, Kenitra, Morocco, Directorate of Epidemiology and Fight against Diseases (DELM), Ministry of Health, 71 Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal - Rabat, Morocco, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh, Morocco and Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Rabat, Morocco.

 

Youssef EL Guamri
Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology & Health, University Ibn Tofail, BP. 133, Kenitra, Morocco, Directorate of Epidemiology and Fight against Diseases (DELM), Ministry of Health, 71 Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal - Rabat, Morocco, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh, Morocco and Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Rabat, Morocco.

 

Youssef El Madhi
Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology & Health, University Ibn Tofail, BP. 133, Kenitra, Morocco, Directorate of Epidemiology and Fight against Diseases (DELM), Ministry of Health, 71 Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal - Rabat, Morocco and Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Lab), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh, Morocco.

 

Driss Belghyti
Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology & Health, University Ibn Tofail, BP. 133, Kenitra, Morocco.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v6/3080

Potential Anxiolytic Impact of Mercurialis annua Extract in Mice Following Acute Therapy | Chapter 9 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

Current therapeutic options for anxiety are often associated with a wide variety of significant side effects. The traditional use of plant extracts in healthcare highlights an important source for discovering new pharmaceuticals. In Moroccan traditional medicine, Mercurialis annua is frequently recommended for alleviating anxiety. However, despite its widespread use, no studies have explored its potential neuropharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the potential anxiolytic effects of M. annua extract following acute treatment in mice. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts of M. annua (at doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) was administered orally, and its anxiolytic effects were assessed using the hole-board test, the light–dark box test, and motor coordination using the rota-rod test. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as the standard reference drug. The methanolic extract of M. annua at a dose of 100 mg/kg increased the time spent in the brightly lit chamber of the light/dark box and the number of transitions between compartments. Additionally, performance on the rota-rod test remained unaffected. In the hole-board test, the extract significantly enhanced head-dip counts. These findings support the anxiolytic activity of M. annua, aligning with its traditional medicinal use. Moreover, they suggest that M. annua may have a more favorable side-effect profile compared to diazepam.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Zouhra Doukkali
Pharmacodynamy Research Team, ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Laboratory of Microbiology, UPR of Microbiology-Virology, Department of Medical Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

 

Abduladeem G.M. Al-Selwi
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medico-Surgical Sciences, Health and Nutrition Research Team of the Mother-Child Couple, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco and Taiz University, Yemen.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v3/3565

Platelet Concentrates Bacterial Contamination. Seven Years Retrospective Study in Rabat Blood Center of Morocco | Chapter 14 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Background: Bacterial contamination of blood products is still the largest residual source of transfusion transmitted diseases. The clinical consequences of transfusing bacterially contaminated blood range from minimal or no reaction to fatal septic shock and death.

Objective: Data from the 2005 to 2012 archives at the Laboratory of Bacteriology Serology and Hygiene of ibn Sina University Hospital Center in Rabat, Morocco was used to realize a retrospective study with the aim of determining the prevalence of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates produced by the Regional Center for Blood Transfusion of Rabat after the implementation of the bacterial quality control of the platelet concentrates.

Methods: 3898 platelet concentrates, which were obtained after disinfection of the sampling site and diversion of the first milliliters of the blood donation, were cultured to study bacterial contamination between 2005 and 2012. All obtained bacterial colonies are tested by the Gram staining and orientation tests such as catalase, coagulase, and oxidase, as well as the biochemical gallery for identification. This retrospective study was conducted over a period of six months using data from the archives of the Laboratory of Bacteriology Serology and Hygiene of Ibn Sina University Hospital Center in Rabat, Morocco.

Results: 0.44% was the prevalence of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates found in this retrospective study. It also showed the presence of the following bacteria species: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species and Bacillus sp each at 29.41%, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptocoque, E. coli and Enterobacter each were found at 5.9%. Other bacilli’s grams negative were present at 17.65%.

Conclusion: Even though the prevalence of bacterial blood contamination found in this retrospective study was low, blood transfusion in Morocco has a long way to go before reaching the standards set and commonly accepted in developed countries.

Author(s) Details:

Fatna EL Mehdaoui
Research Laboratory, High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco and Laboratory of Biology and Health, Kenitra Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.

Raouf Alami
Research Laboratory, High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.

Abdelmajid Soulaymani
Laboratory of Biology and Health, Kenitra Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.

Karim Souly
Laboratory of Bacteriology Serology and Hygiene, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V6/article/view/14358

Constraints and Challenges of Local Operationalization of the National Leishmaniasis Control Program by Health Professionals: A Pioneer Study in Morocco | Chapter 02 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Background: The goal of this study is to examine health professionals' understanding of leishmaniasis in order to establish the strengths and weaknesses in local leishmaniasis control efforts, as well as to identify the factors that contribute to underreporting of cases. This study also aims to reveal health professionals' understanding of leishmaniasis, as well as their role in the program's peripheral management and their experiences with leishmaniasis patients. Morocco wants to be free of leishmaniasis by 2030. These conditions can be cutaneous or visceral, and they constitute a major public health concern. These parasites are being fought as part of a statewide leishmaniasis control effort that includes free treatment. On the other hand, the screening rate in public health facilities does not exceed 35%.

Objective: To contribute to the analysis and understanding of the factors that contribute to underreporting and the development of scientific recommendations to improve leishmaniasis screening and control activities, determine the knowledge and experience of social actors directly involved in the fight against leishmaniasis.

Methods: During April and May 2019, we performed an exploratory survey among all health professionals working in public health structures in the province of ELHajeb in central Morocco, using a self-administered questionnaire.

The majority of health professionals had an excellent understanding of the clinical indicators of each variety of leishmaniasis, but they had incorrect information about the disease's true vector, reservoirs, and mechanism of transmission. Only 17 percent got ongoing education whereas 76 percent were aware of the national leishmaniasis control programme. The curative parts of the programme were the emphasis of 85 percent of these specialists. Patients do not adhere to antileishmaniasis treatment in 47% of cases, and the populace uses the term "Hboub of Chniwla" to refer to cutaneous leishmaniasis in 25% of cases.

Conclusion: The study found that operationalizing the leishmaniases control program's operations reveals some flaws that explain the underscreening of cases. Improvement of this condition necessitates the establishment of ongoing caregiver training and citizen awareness-raising activities that should focus on the route of transmission, reservoir prevention, sand flies bites, and detection of lesions utilising the disease's popular names as a starting point.

Author(S) Details

K. El-Mouhdi
Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco and ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technics Meknes, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Morocco.

A. Chahlaoui
Natural Resources Management and Development Team, Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.

M. Fekhaoui
Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V6/article/view/6414

Studies on Soil Information System by Using Landsat TM and ASTER Images - Larrache - Morocco| Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

A solid management strategy must start with a detailed awareness of the resources available. Soil is a nonrenewable natural resource that acts as a vital medium for all other living things. Having detailed soil parameters in digital format can help with improved management by allowing for more accurate crop allocation and administration of necessary fertilisers to each crop. Soil is a three-dimensional entity having qualities that reflect the influence of climate, plant, wildlife, man, and geography on the parent material of soil over time. Furthermore, soil digital information will promote sustainable land use by allowing crops to be distributed depending on soil fertility, so saving money, effort, and time during the production cycle. There are many tools available; Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are two of the most important instruments used in the development of digital spatial soil information, which is reinforced by thorough field work. A land unit basis map was created using Landsat TM and ASTER photos, which was then used in field work. A minimum of one soil profile was obtained for each land unit during the field survey, totaling 317 soil profiles (horizons were described, photographed, and sample were collected). Land units have been modified based on field findings such as morphology and vegetation type.

As a result, a complete digital soil map for the study area (Larache, Morocco) was developed, together with a database of chemical and physical properties. This database will be used to support a variety of important geographical assessments, including crop suitability, irrigation, forest development, and capability analysis.

Author (S) Details

Waad Ibrahim

Environmental Planning und Studies, Geo-Data Base and Geoinformation Application Berlin, Germany

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3816