Evaluating the Impact of Parasitic Infections on the Health and Viability of Culturable Freshwater Fish | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 3

 

Parasites can be found in a wide variety of animal species. They are more numerous than free-living creatures and can be found in every animal phylum, from protists to chordates. This study evaluates the impact of parasitic infections on the health and viability of culturable freshwater fish. In grouper aquaculture, a diverse range of parasitic organisms has been documented to cause substantial issues. Protozoans, particularly ciliates, are the primary source of parasitic illnesses in groupers in the hatchery and nursery phases. Grouper fries are subjected to handling and travel stress when they are transferred to grow-out facilities. Ciliated protozoans, skin, and gill monogeneans and caligid copepods are all common parasites carried by these fish. Protozoans, monogeneans, didymozoid digeneans, nematodes, caligid copepods, isopods and leeches are among the primary parasites of cultivated groupers discussed in this review paper. Important management implications for the preservation of freshwater fishes and their natural parasites have also been brought to light by an analysis of the anticipated consequences of climate change on intermittent rivers.

 

Author (s) Details

Asim Kumar Giri
District Mineral Foundation (DMF), Keonjhar-758001, Odisha, India.

 

Joydeep Das
District Mineral Foundation (DMF), Keonjhar-758001, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v3/5449

Sequestration of Atmospheric Carbon through Ocean Calcifiers: An Approach towards Climate Change | Chapter 7 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 6

 

This study highlights the potential of ocean calcifiers to sequester atmospheric carbon in quantity and even reverse climate change. The study, which we hope will show why cultivating calcifiers in the short term would be advantageous, attempts to provide a different, biological, viewpoint of the published data bearing on two specific issues, namely ocean acidification and return of CO2 to the atmosphere by the calcification reaction itself. We find reasons to doubt the validity of both issues. Experiments showing ocean acidification is damaging to calcifiers have all used experimental pH levels that are not projected to be reached in the oceans until the next century or later; today’s oceans are alkaline. In open water habitats in equilibrium with the atmosphere, it may be true to claim precipitation of CaCO3 by calcification as a net source of atmospheric CO2, but only if the solidified limestone is ignored as sequestered CO2. In these kinds of conditions, the calcification response is not carried out by living calcifiers. The chemistry of life is distinguished from that of open water by occurring on enzyme polypeptide surfaces, inside organelles with phospholipid membranes that selectively absorb certain ions, and inside cells encased in phospholipid bilayer membranes. Nowadays, marine calcifiers (coccolithophore algae, Foraminifera [protists], Mollusca, Crustacea, Anthozoa [corals], Echinodermata and some annelids) convert atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) protective shells which are left when they die. These organisms could be the biotechnological carbon capture and storage mechanism to control climate change. Ignoring what is known about the biology, physiology, and molecular biology of living calcifiers leads to erroneous conclusions and deficient advice about the potential for calcifier biotechnology to contribute to atmosphere remediation. We conclude that the world’s aquaculture industries already operate biotechnology that, with massive and immediate global expansion, can sustainably control atmospheric CO2 levels at a reasonable cost. We hope that this view of marine calcifiers will show the value and promise of the contribution that aquaculture could make to bringing equilibrium to the atmosphere.

Author(s) Details:

David Moore,
Department of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.

Matthias Heilweck,
Independent Researcher, F-68240, Kaysersberg, France.

William Burton Fears,
Department of Medicine, Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas and Founding Fellow of the American College of Endocrinology, USA.

Peter Petros
Kaapa Biotech Oy, Teilinummentie 4, 09120 Karjalohja, Finland.
Samuel J Squires,
Department of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK.

Elena Tamburini
Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Robert Paul Waldron
Independent Researcher, LA-70448, Mandeville, Louisiana, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V6/article/view/14929

Astaxantin from Shrimp Waste | Book Publisher International

 Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) are renowned shrimp species in Indonesia and throughout the nation. Abundant by-products from these shrimps are readily available within the shrimp processing industry. The traditional approach to utilizing these shrimp by-products includes their use in the production of items such as petis, terasi, and animal feed. These by-products possess a highly intricate nutritional composition, notably distinguished by their elevated astaxanthin content. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid compound belonging to the xanthophyll family, known for imparting a vibrant red hue. It can be extracted from various parts of the shrimp's body, including the head, shell, and tail. Astaxanthin derived from shrimp by-products offers valuable antioxidant properties for human health. Consequently, a comprehensive literature review becomes imperative to delve into the extraction of astaxanthin from the by-products of both vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with a focus on their antioxidant potential. The primary objective of this literature review is to disseminate knowledge about astaxanthin derived from the by-products of vannamei and tiger shrimp, employing three distinct extraction methodologies: oil extraction, chemical extraction, and high-pressure extraction. Additionally, it aims to underscore the potential of astaxanthin as a potent antioxidant. Various studies reported that the extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp by-products yields variable results contingent upon the extraction method and the species of shrimp used. The ethanol solvent method stands out as the most efficient, yielding astaxanthin in the range of 0.31-28.9 mg/g, although the purity of astaxanthin in this method remains relatively low. In contrast, high-pressure extraction (HPE) emerges as the most efficient and pertinent method for astaxanthin extraction. HPE leverages high pressure within a relatively brief time frame, yielding astaxanthin of superior quality compared to conventional methods such as chemical solvents and oil extraction. Notably, both vannamei and tiger shrimp-derived astaxanthin exhibit equally potent antioxidant activity. The mechanism underlying astaxanthin's role as an antioxidant encompasses two key functions: direct scavenging of free radicals within the body and augmentation of the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Consequently, further research endeavors are warranted to explore the extraction of astaxanthin from vannamei shrimp and tiger shrimp by-products, with a particular focus on high-pressure extraction to attain a substantial quantity of astaxanthin extract swiftly and with a high degree of purity.

Author(s) Details:

Asep Awaludin Prihanto,
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang – 65145, Indonesia.

Happy Nursyam,
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang – 65145, Indonesia.

Hefti Salis Yufidasari,
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang – 65145, Indonesia.

Nada Itorul Umam,
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang – 65145, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ASW/article/view/12951

The Effect of Extension Services on the Growth of Aquaculture in Kasempa District of North-Western Province, Zambia | Chapter 5 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 A research study was attended in the Kasempa district of the North-Western Province of Zambia to judge the effectiveness of aquaculture continuation services and the point to which policies and plans were being achieved regarding the development of aquaculture. A sample of 55 aquaculture growers was selected purpose using simple random examination in five areas inside the district to measure the impact of extension aids on rural tenants' incomes and living standards. The study revealed that a lack of correct information for peasants could have a negative impact on the progress of the aquaculture subdivision. Inadequate advisory services keep also bring about lower quality and quantity of growing plants in liquid products. Aquaculture was being advanced in Zambia to provide high-income convenience for poor country residents and reduce the pressure on capture fisheries. Through continuation services, 90% of the accused had acquired technical abilities such as net farming methods, pool construction, bob health and nutrition, augmenting and marketing, and bookkeeping skills, that were used to ensure smooth operations and assisted the farmers overcome miscellaneous challenges they faced. Accordingly, 82% of the respondents designated that their fish yield raised due to the increase in the number of their ponds. The results also accompanied that 65% of respondents revised their social well-being and earned enough incomes from growing plants in liquid to meet various challenges, to a degree paying their children's school costs and buying cover materials for their homes. Moreover, the enlargement service instrumentalities’ performance in implementing tactics and plans was rated as good. However, plurality of the respondents experienced any of challenges that hindered further growing plants in liquid growth, such as lack of foundation capital, clogged waterways, shrimp fish growth, lack of angling gear, attacks by piscivorous animals, etc. Overall, the study establish that 60% of respondents could not raise advertise-size cast (>250g) due to high feed costs, while 40% of accused were able to raise chum close to market magnitude because they had more information and were interested in that region.

Author(s) Details:

Confred G. Musuka,
Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, The Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

Ceaser J. Katulwende,
Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, The Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V4/article/view/12097

Main Productive Characteristics Fingerlings of Rheophilic in the Mesoregion of Southeast of Para, in the Amazon Region | Chapter 4 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 The aim concerning this work was to conduct research on the key parts of the result chain of rheophilic fingerlings in the Mesorregio of Southeast Pará, in the Amazon area, raising their main fruitful, installation, and administration properties. In the national chum culture, the calculated planning and management studies are developing and restricted, principally in the area of bait reproduction and management. Round class are considered expected more commercially produced in the Brazilian Amazon. Due to its extreme acceptability for one consumers, it has an interest enticed by fish farmers from various regions. Currently united states of america of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, does not have a survey or data available on the subdivision, as well as news on the technical assistance given to the producers, increasing conditions, number, ancestral characterization and origin of the reproducers about the main cast species presented in the state. Questionnaires were distributed to angle farmers established the information assembled. Six fish farms have been discovered in the region. The average event (years) spent active in the production of fingerlings between the fish farmers interrogated is 10.8 years. Tambaqui, in addition to other round class, is the most abundant instinctive fish. The domain has 239 ponds, with 44% used for raising and 56% used for hosiery of breeders (male and female). All producers polled monitor water feature, with dams providing the bulk (33%). In agreements of sanitary concerns, 67% claim they have no troubles with animal infections. The total number of net in the reproductive people is 3,740 individuals. The study indicated that the fingerlings result units lack mechanics data, that is a critical aspect for scheme transformation by way of management and planning, promising sustainability for the expansion of growing plants in liquid in the area.

Author(s) Details:

Hendrya Julianny Pereira Coelho,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Regianne Maciel dos Santos Correa,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Daralyns Borges Macedo,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Caio Vitor Conceição Costa,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Jeanderson da Silva Viana,
Academic Center for Fishing and Aquaculture in the Amazon, Socio-Environmental and Water Resources Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Natalia Bianca Caires Medeiros,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Marcela Cristina Flexa do Amaral,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Marília Danyelle Nunes Rodrigues,
Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 2501, CEP 66.077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11973

Aquaponics: A Way of Green Technology| Chapter 9 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 1

 Green electronics (GT) is a broad term and a field of new innovative habits to make environmentally-companionable changes in daily history. It is created and used in a habit that conserves natural resources and the atmosphere. Aquaponics is the combination of two together agricultural practices, growing plants in liquid and hydroponics. In aquaponics, water from the growing plants in liquid is supplied to the raising animals system. At the same time, the by-products are shabby by nitrifying bacteria, making the outgrowth to be exploited as nutrients by plants. The growing plants in liquid system following receives the water by recirculation. If fishes are working in an aquaponics system, the fishes are given their fare, the fishes work to feed the plants, and the plants clean the water for the fishes. Aquaponics has many advantages like allure sustainable, exhaustive food result system, needs 1/6th water to evolve eight times more cooking per acre, and soil is not required, so no soil-carried diseases, fertilizers or synthetic pesticides not required, Aquaponics maybe used on non-farmable lands such as chastisement, degraded soil or pungent, sandy islands, builds little waste and provides occupation. Some disadvantages further exist, aforementioned that start-up costs, demand expertise, day-to-day management needed, and extricate feed and electric supply add ornament to the input costs. Considering the benefits and disadvantages of aquaponics, it is individual of the best patterns available in green electronics, and it will help in the conservation of natural resources.

Author(s) Details:

Devdatta Lad,
Department of Zoology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400 007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V1/article/view/8632

Eco-zoning Reserve the Planing of Aquaculture in 08 Coastal Provinces, Mekong Delta, Vietnam | Chapter 10 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 1

 There are four primary components in this study. Only elements that produce a clear grouping of things should be used as the foundation for zoning. These variables were chosen as zoning criteria to assess the ecological parameters of various aquatic products generated in each cultivated or potential cultured area (including 12 main criteria). All nine aquaculture ecological areas can be found in the Mekong River Delta's eight coastal provinces. The study's findings, on the other hand, resulted in the creation of eight maps. t specifics A map of Fertility zoning with a scale of 1/500 000 has been created for 8 provinces and the entire region, with detailed explanations and varied quakha1 of colours. In reality, this has aided in the management and operation of the aquaculture environment in accordance with this important ecological and coastal resource.

Author(S) Details

Hoan Nguyen Xuan
Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Viet Nam (HUFI); Chairman of Science and Education Council. 140 Le Trong Tan, Tay Thanh Ward., Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Ba Le Huy
President of Ho Cho Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), Vietnam.

Thanh Le Minh
Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Viet Nam (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V1/article/view/6312

Exploration on Coral Reef Resources, Using Glint Removal and Depth Attenuation Index on Alos Imagery at Biak Island, Papua, Indonesia | Chapter 3 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 The coral reef resources at Biak Island were identified and examined using ground truth data collected in July 2007 and Alos imaging analysis with a 10 m resolution recorded on May 25, 2010, with the assumption that nothing has changed for the past three years. The work uses glint removal and depth invariant index techniques to build coral reef ecosystem groups by combining 59 field data with Alos image data. Live corals, dead corals, a mixture of both, and sand are the four classes. The algorithm, which is made up of three visible bands, works best in clear water rather than turbid water. As a result, vegetation covering, as well as seagrass, seaweed, and macroalgae that are only present in small amounts and are frequently covered by fine sand materials and linked with turbid water, is overlooked. Corals on Biak Island are spatially narrow, 50 to 150 m broad, covering an area of 1031 ha., with live corals dominating 38 ha. (3 percent), and 50 – 700 m wide, covering an area of 2161 ha., with live corals dominating 215 ha (9 percent ). The powerful waves from the Pacific Ocean are thought to be preventing corals in the north from thriving. The goal of this study is to create a map of the coral reef ecosystem on Biak Island, Indonesia, which is located between 135o48'E and 136o28'E; 0o41'S and 1o15'S.

Author (s) Details

Suyarso
Research Centre for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2404

Studies on Integrated GIS and AHP for Marine Aquaculture Site Selection in Penghu Cove in Taiwan | Chapter 2 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 In Taiwan, government policy has accelerated the transition from land-based to marine cage culture in recent years. As a result, choosing the right location is a crucial principle and determinant for future success in marine cage culture and sustainable development. It has a significant impact on economic viability by deciding capital expenditure and impacting operating expenses, production, and mortality. As a result, climate considerations, geographic environmental elements, bio-environmental factors, and social-economic aspects play a larger role in site selection. With the rapid growth of marine cage culture, there is a growing need for coastal zone environment analyses, which is a difficult task that requires one of the most useful tools for these types of analyses: the Geographic Information System (GIS). The criteria weight for site selection was evaluated using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) in this study. The weights of applicability of the four GIS grid themes were 0.322, 0.410, 0.127, and 0.141, respectively, according to AHP analysis. The findings reveal that geographic environmental elements are the most essential considerations when selecting acceptable marine culture sites in Taiwan's Penghu bay. Meanwhile, a suitable map was created using ArcMap, a GIS software application, based on the specified grid themes. The GIS software and the AHP approach can be used to objectively choose the best sites for marine cage culture development based on the eligible sites discovered on the specific GIS grid themes.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Yi-Che Shih
Planning and Training Center of National Academy of Marine Research, Ocean Affairs Council, Taiwan and Department of Maritime Police University and Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2403