Parasites can be found in a wide variety of animal species.
They are more numerous than free-living creatures and can be found in every
animal phylum, from protists to chordates. This study evaluates the impact of
parasitic infections on the health and viability of culturable freshwater fish.
In grouper aquaculture, a diverse range of parasitic organisms has been
documented to cause substantial issues. Protozoans, particularly ciliates, are
the primary source of parasitic illnesses in groupers in the hatchery and
nursery phases. Grouper fries are subjected to handling and travel stress when
they are transferred to grow-out facilities. Ciliated protozoans, skin, and
gill monogeneans and caligid copepods are all common parasites carried by these
fish. Protozoans, monogeneans, didymozoid digeneans, nematodes, caligid
copepods, isopods and leeches are among the primary parasites of cultivated
groupers discussed in this review paper. Important management implications for
the preservation of freshwater fishes and their natural parasites have also
been brought to light by an analysis of the anticipated consequences of climate
change on intermittent rivers.
Author (s) Details
Asim Kumar Giri
District Mineral Foundation (DMF), Keonjhar-758001, Odisha, India.
Joydeep Das
District Mineral Foundation (DMF), Keonjhar-758001, Odisha, India.
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here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v3/5449
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