Fractal evolution is apparently effective in selectively
preserving environmentally resilient traits for more than 80 million years in
Streptotrichaceae (Bryophyta). The modern bryoflora first appeared in mid to
late Cretaceous times, about 80–100 mya. Analysis simulated the maximum
destruction of ancestral traits in that large lineage. Constraints enforced
were the preservation of the newest ancestral traits, and all immediate
descendant species obtained different new traits. Assuming the generation of one
genus from an ancestral species in another genus takes 22 ± 17.25 mya on
average, and assuming a punctuated equilibrium burst of descendant generation,
then the number of ancestor-to-ancestor steps measures the temporal depth of a
lineage. Maximum character state changes of ancestral traits were 16 percent of
all possible traits in any one sub-lineage, or 73 percent total of the entire
lineage. Results showed, however, that only four ancestral traits are
permanently eliminated in any one lineage or sub-lineage. A lineage maintains
maximum biodiversity of temporally and regionally survival-effective traits at
minimum expense to resilience across geologic time of 88 million years for the
group studied. Similar processes generating extant punctuated equilibrium as
bursts of about four descendants per genus and one genus per 1–2 epochs are
possible in other living groups given similar emergent processes. The mechanism
is considered complexity-related, the lineage is a self-organized emergent
phenomenon strongly maintained in the ecosphere by natural selection on fractal
genera. For this re-evaluation, an addendum discusses the prospect of human
long-term survival, the isomorphism of human and moss lineage preservation, and
finally the problems for systematic biology and all of evolutionary study
generated by a conflict between analysis by shared ancestry and
ancestor-descendant trait changes.
Author (s) Details
Richard H. Zander
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110,
U.S.A.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v1/2228
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