Quantifying ETo Maps Across Egypt: A Remote Sensing Approach to Address Water Needs for Agricultural Irrigation| Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 4

Egypt faces acute water scarcity, posing a critical challenge to its agricultural sector, which consumes approximately 85% of the nation’s water resources. This challenge is compounded by the government's horizontal agricultural expansion strategy to meet the demands of rapid population growth. To support sustainable water resource management, this study integrates GIS with the FAO Penman-Monteith equation to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) across Egypt using high-resolution climate data (1970–2000) from over 10,000 spatial points. By leveraging remote sensing and advanced spatial interpolation techniques, the study generates monthly ETo maps, providing precise insights into the spatial and temporal variability of ETo. The results reveal significant seasonal trends: the highest mean ETo value (9.5 mm/day) occurs in June, while the lowest (3.28 mm/day) is observed in December. A clear north-to-south gradient in ETo values is identified, influenced by temperature and solar radiation, with the Red Sea Coast exhibiting lower ETo due to higher humidity levels. These findings hold practical implications for sustainable agricultural planning and water conservation. Policymakers can use high-resolution ETo maps to optimize irrigation schedules, reduce water wastage, and identify low-evapotranspiration zones suitable for agricultural expansion. This scalable methodology, incorporating remote sensing for enhanced data collection, offers a robust framework for addressing water management challenges in Egypt and other arid regions globally.

 

Author (s) Details

Hesham Ezz
Civil Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt and Al Madinah High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Egypt.

 

Mohamed Abdelwares
Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v4/4303

The Contribution of Agricultural Manufacturing in the Egyptian Economic Growth: An Approach to Kaldor's Hypotheses | Chapter 1 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 Agricultural industrialization accomplishes a number of objectives, including enhancing economic growth, increasing exports, replacing imports, and providing new job possibilities, all of which contribute to a higher standard of life. This study employs Kaldor's assumptions to evaluate the contribution of the agricultural manufacturing sector to the Egyptian agricultural sector's economic growth from 1997 to 2018. It is based on the three "growth assumptions." The Kaldor model is based on three hypotheses about the relationship between manufacturing sector expansion and economic growth. The growth rate, dummy variable, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) test, CUSUM squares test, and Chow breakpoint test were all used in the study. In addition, E-view 11.0 was used to test the stability of time series. The food, beverage, tobacco, and textile industries are the two major sectors in the Egyptian agricultural manufacturing industries, accounting for approximately 83.58 percent of the entire value of the agricultural manufacturing industries production from 1997 to 2018. The findings reveal that higher real growth rates in the food, beverage, tobacco, and textile industries led to higher real growth rates in agricultural output. The year 2003 is considered the switch point for the study variables by the CUSUM Sq test and the Chow test. In addition, when the rate of real farm manufacturing production growth rises, so will the rate of real agricultural manufacturing labour productivity growth. Furthermore, when the real growth rate of agricultural manufacturing production value rises, so will the real growth rate of agricultural non-manufacturing labour productivity. The findings of the study aid decision-makers in Egypt's manufacturing industry and agriculture, particularly in the early stages of economic development.

Author(S) Details

Ahmed Abou El-Yazid El-Rasoul
Department of Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Mai Mustafa Hassan Morsi
Department of Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Mohamed Ibrahim Younis
Department of Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V4/article/view/5132

Characteristics of ESRD Patients who have been on Long-term Hemodialysis Therapy in Egypt: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Background: In Egypt, hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of RRT, and it is a significant financial burden on the health-care system. Many organisations, both governmental and non-governmental, have adopted HD since it is a crucial and lifesaving technique. In Egypt's Alexandria province, HD service is offered through fifty-seven HD units, twenty-one of which are nonprofit and thirty-six of which are private for-profit. Our goals were to investigate the epidemiology and estimate the three-year survival of ESRD patients treated with HD in Alexandria province's government facilities.

Design and Methods: The data of the patients was obtained in 2016 from all of the governmental hospitals in Alexandria province, which included seven HD units with a total of 687 patients. Demographic data, vascular access, HIV, HBV, and HCV serology, the potential aetiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), related comorbidities, and regular laboratory variables were all included in a cross-sectional arm of the study. A three-year survival rate of the examined HD patients was also reported in a prospective phase of the trial.

The overall number of HD patients in Alexandria province in 2019 was 3552 in all HD units, resulting in an estimated HD prevalence rate of roughly 710 ppm. The 687 patients in the governmental HD facilities who were polled had a mean age of 50.78 years, with more males, and a mean duration of HD of 55 months. There was also no evidence of positive seroconversion to HCV, HBV, or HIV. Sixteen HCV antibody-positive individuals were treated with direct-acting antiviral medications and were subsequently PCR-negative for HCV. Males had a higher prevalence of HTN, while females had a higher prevalence of DM and combined DM and HTN. In about 37% of the HD patients evaluated, the goal haemoglobin level was present. The majority of the patients had serum calcium levels between 8 and 10 mg/dl, while 53% had serum phosphorus levels between 3-5.5 mg/dl. A para-thyroidectomy was performed in 2% of the instances investigated, whereas cinacalcet was used in 4% of the cases. The survival rates were 92.5 percent, 87 percent, and 82 percent after three, five, and seven years, respectively.

Conclusion: The epidemiology of hemodialysis patients in Alexandria province is similar to that of other Egyptian governorates in many ways, although no new epidemiology for the entire country has been published. After following the antiviral therapy approach, 11.2 percent of HCV Abs positive patients became PCR negative.

Author(S) Details

Abir Farouk Megahed
MOH Nephrology Administration, Mansoura Military Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Mansoura, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt.

Nagy Sayed-Ahmed
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V8/article/view/4563

Determination of Hemodialysis Status in an Egyptian Coastal City, Alexandria: An Epidemiological Study with a 3-year Prospective Mortality Observation | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Background: In Egypt, hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of RRT, and it is a significant financial burden on the health-care system. Many organisations, both governmental and non-governmental, have adopted HD since it is a crucial and lifesaving technique. In Egypt's Alexandria province, HD service is offered through fifty-seven HD units, twenty-one of which are nonprofit and thirty-six of which are private for-profit. Our goals were to investigate the epidemiology and estimate the three-year survival of ESRD patients treated with HD in Alexandria province's government facilities.

Design and Methods: The data of the patients was obtained in 2016 from all of the governmental hospitals in Alexandria province, which included seven HD units with a total of 687 patients. Demographic data, vascular access, HIV, HBV, and HCV serology, the potential aetiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), related comorbidities, and regular laboratory variables were all included in a cross-sectional arm of the study. A three-year survival rate of the examined HD patients was also reported in a prospective phase of the trial.

The overall number of HD patients in Alexandria province in 2019 was 3552 in all HD units, resulting in an estimated HD prevalence rate of roughly 710 ppm. The 687 patients in the governmental HD facilities who were polled had a mean age of 50.78 years, with more males, and a mean duration of HD of 55 months. There was also no evidence of positive seroconversion to HCV, HBV, or HIV. Sixteen HCV antibody-positive individuals were treated with direct-acting antiviral medications and were subsequently PCR-negative for HCV. Males had a higher prevalence of HTN, while females had a higher prevalence of DM and combined DM and HTN. In about 37% of the HD patients evaluated, the goal haemoglobin level was present. The majority of the patients had serum calcium levels between 8 and 10 mg/dl, while 53% had serum phosphorus levels between 3-5.5 mg/dl. A para-thyroidectomy was performed in 2% of the instances investigated, whereas cinacalcet was used in 4% of the cases. The survival rates were 92.5 percent, 87 percent, and 82 percent after three, five, and seven years, respectively.

Conclusion: The epidemiology of hemodialysis patients in Alexandria province is similar to that of other Egyptian governorates in many ways, although no new epidemiology for the entire country has been published. After following the antiviral therapy approach, 11.2 percent of HCV Abs positive patients became PCR negative.

Author(S) Details

Abir Farouk Megahed
MOH Nephrology Administration, Mansoura Military Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Mansoura, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt.

Reem Mohamed Farouk Saleh
Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Afaf Mohamed Fahmy
High Nurse and Supervisor on Nursing Staff in Hemodialysis in Alexandria, Egypt.

Nagy Sayed-Ahmed
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V8/article/view/4562

Advanced Study on Economic Structural Change and Economic Growth in Egypt | Chapter 12 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 10

 This paper examines the economic structural changes and economic growth in Egypt from 1983 to 2014. This paper employs the Vries et al. 2014 procedure. The paper makes use of the new Penn World Table (PWT) adaptation 9 data base to cover the years between 1983 and 2014. It was discovered that there were economic structure changes between 1983 and 2014, as the importance of the agriculture sector declined over time, while the importance of the industry sector increased. expanded since 1990, and the significance of the service sector grew after 2000. Furthermore, this investigation confirms the existence of a strong relationship (with a coefficient correlation of 85.11 percent) between the two series of employment and GDP growth rates. According to the decline in labor productivity, the internal impact was consistently greater than the aggregate reallocation impact. However, if we look at the two parts of the total, we can see that The dynamic reallocation impact, without a doubt, plays a significant role in determining total productivity growth. As a result, another strategy should be devised to support the voluntary labor movement in Egypt across sectors and areas.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Hany M. Elshamy
Dean of Faculty of Commerce, Tanta University, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IEAM-V10/article/view/1474

Reporting a Case Study with Minireview: Exceptional Fertility and Poor Fetal Outcome in a Female with 17-Year Hemodialysis | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

Context: Chronic kidney disease may affect various aspects of the life of female patients, including menstrual pattern, marital status and sexuality, fertility, outcome of pregnancy, and prescribed contraceptive methods, particularly when HD is initiated. It is an underrated concern for both sexes and has not been adequately assessed. It has been noted in Egypt that it is rare for a female hemodialysis (HD) to start her marriage after HD initiation; this can be attributed to a negative self-image faced and viewed by the patient by the group. In addition, marrying another HD partner is also less common for an HD patient and it is odd for them to conceive during. In addition, the marriage of another HD partner is also less common for an HD patient and it is odd for them to conceive during HD.

Objective: To explain the prospect of starting a family and to prepare for a healthy pregnancy in patients with ESRD during HD therapy.

Patient Scenario: Our case is an Egyptian girl, 36 years old, who began HD in 1999 and continued for 17 years on HD. She was married four times and born by three partners five times. Her second HD husband gave her a live birth just once, but unfortunately, the baby died within a couple of days. During her last four years of life, the woman used Implanon - with its potential side effects - as a form of contraception. She decided to withdraw from her dialysis program after 17 hectic years of HD and tragic marital and fertility incidents, opted to live in isolation, and died as a result of cerebral hemorrhage within five days.

Results and Conclusions: If appropriate, with a multi-disciplinary discussion between the obstetrician, the patient, the family, and the nephrologist, contraceptive methods must be carefully selected. If they receive adequate treatment, pregnancy and healthy pregnancies are believed to be possible in HD couples.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Abir Farouk Megahed
Mansoura Military Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.

Al Zahraa Ahmed Gamal Ammar
HD Unit in Alexandria Fever Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Dr. Ehab Hussein Hashish
Department of Ob/Gyn, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Prof Dr. Nagy Sayed-Ahmed
Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V2/issue/view/20