A Potential Weapon: Small Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Treat Chronic Non-Healing Wounds | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 9

 

The present study described the characteristics of MSC-sEVs and discussed their therapeutic potential in chronic wound treatment. Additionally, the study also provided an overview of the application avenues of MSC-sEVs in wound treatment. Chronic non-healing wounds have posed a severe threat to patients mentally and physically. Dysregulation of behavior in the surviving cells at the sites of wounds is known to be the key factor that destroys the healing process and prevents wound healing. Therefore, the mainstay of treating chronic non-healing wounds is controlling and reestablishing normal cellular function.  In recent years, the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a promising option for chronic wound healing and the efficacy has increasingly been attributed to their exocrine functions. Small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) are reported to benefit almost all stages of wound healing by regulating the cellular behavior to participate in the process of inflammatory response, angiogenesis, re-epithelization, and scarless healing. The study summarized strategies for large-scale production and engineering of MSC-sEVs. This review may possibly provide meaningful guidance for chronic wound treatment with MSC-sEVs. Further research is still imperative to unveil the advantages and disadvantages of the clinical application of MSC-sEVs on chronic nonhealing wounds. After the above issues are resolved, it is believed that MSC-sEV therapy is expected to be a potential and encouraging method for rapid and complete regeneration of chronic non-healing wounds.

 

Author(s) Details

Qian Wei

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Xi Liu

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Cui-Ping Zhang

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China and PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Zi-Qiang Chu

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Kui Ma

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China and PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Qi-Lin Huang

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Hai-Hong Li

Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, China.

 

Xiao-Bing Fu

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China and PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Cui-Ping Zhang

Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China and PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v9/1549

mRNA: A Novel Tool for Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation in Regenerative Medicine| Chapter 3 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 9

 

The COVID-19 pandemic generated interest in the medicinal applications of messenger RNA (mRNA). It is expected that mRNA can be applied not only to vaccines but also to regenerative medicine. In the synthesis of mRNA, by-products that do not have a 5' cap structure are generated, and it is generally difficult to remove them. The by-products bind to the host's immune receptors and cause an inflammatory response. To solve this problem, the introduction of chemically modified nucleosides, such as N1-methyl pseudouridine and 5-methylcytidine, has been reported by Karikó and Weissman, opening a path for the practical application of mRNA for vaccines and regenerative medicine. Yamanaka reported the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing four types of genes using a retrovirus vector. iPSCs are widely used for research on regenerative medicine and the preparation of disease models to screen new drug candidates. Among the Yamanaka factors, Klf4 and c-Myc are oncogenes, and there is a risk of tumor development if these are integrated into genomic DNA. Therefore, regenerative medicine using mRNA, which poses no risk of genome insertion, has attracted attention. Direct reprogramming and protein supplementation therapy using mRNA encoding the reprogramming genes or the specific proteins have been particularly studied in recent years. However, to apply mRNA to regenerative medicine, the further development of delivery technology that can deliver mRNA to specific tissues is strongly demanded. Thus, with the development of research on mRNA synthesis/delivery technology and the accumulation of application examples demonstrating the potential usefulness of mRNA, it is expected that mRNA will have a big impact on regenerative medicine.

 

Author(s) Details

Masahito Inagaki
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v9/1437

The Science of Recovery: Optimising Post-Exercise Muscle Healing | Chapter 7 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

This chapter provides an in‐depth examination of muscle recovery following exercise, focusing on the complex physiological processes that underlie muscle healing and adaptation. It details the inflammatory response, muscle protein synthesis, and the role of satellite cells, as well as the critical functions of oxygen and nutrient delivery. The chapter integrates traditional recovery practices—such as sleep, nutrition, and physical therapies—with advanced interventions including cryotherapy, pneumatic compression, blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy, low‐level laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and electrical muscle stimulation. Emerging technologies, such as wearable sensors and AI‐driven recovery platforms, are highlighted for their role in providing personalised recovery strategies. Future trends in genomic and proteomic profiling, along with regenerative medicine approaches like stem cell therapy, are also discussed.

 

Author (s) Details

Shubham Bharad (PT)
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v13/5177

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 8

Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, aortic disease, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure, contribute to significant causes of worldwide mortality despite modern advances in medicine and surgery. The use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, Goretex) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) for vascular graft implantation is common to treat patients with PAD and aortic disease. Current vascular grafts and prosthetic heart valves used to treat CVD have limitations such as the lack of growth capacity and risks of thrombosis, stenosis, and calcification. Similarly, left ventricular (LV) reconstruction surgery can reduce the dilated LV volume after cardiac remodeling, but is incapable of regenerating the myocardium. Theoretically, cardiovascular tissue engineering has the potential to address the limitations of current grafts and prosthetic heart valves. An ideal tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) and heart valve (TEHV) is thrombus-free, easily handled, biocompatible, durable, and maintains mechanical integrity as the scaffold degrades and remodels into native tissue. However, small-diameter (<6 mm) TEVGs have not yet shown clinical effectiveness, and TEHVs still have limitations for clinical use. Cell injection therapies, which induce myocardial regeneration, are promising approaches for myocardial repair. Several clinical trials using human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes have been initiated. Here various advanced devices, approaches, and strategies to address current drawbacks were reviewed, focusing on current clinical studies and ongoing clinical trials for TEVG, TEHV, and myocardial regeneration based on cardiovascular medicine. Currently, the development of tissue-engineered arterial grafts seems to be trending towards biomaterial utilization rather than cell-based approaches. Contrastingly, the development of TEHVs has encountered a period of stagnation. However, as many researchers are continuing their studies, further results will be published. 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hideki Miyachi
Division of Cardiovascular Intensive Care, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Hirotsugu Kurobe
Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, EHIME University, Toon, Japan.

 

Toshiharu Shinoka
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v8/4478

Microsurgery Achievements for Regenerative Medicine Enhancement | Chapter 10 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Microsurgery has arose as a groundbreaking technique engaged of regenerative cure, offering unprecedented event for tissue repair and regeneration. This paper supports a comprehensive test of the advancements made in microsurgery and allure impact on regenerative cure. By conducting a all-encompassing review of existing literature, we survey the diverse applications and progressions in microsurgery methods that have significantly provided to the field of regenerative medicine.The item begins by discussing the classical context of educational medicine and its appropriate animal studies. It also elucidates the fundamental principles of microsurgery, emphasize its important role in enabling exact tissue manipulation at the tiny level. Furthermore, the article addresses current technological advancements that have threw microsurgery to new heights.Moving forward, we delve into the particular applications of microsurgery in educational medicine, focusing on key districts such as nerve repair, vascular anastomosis, tissue transplantation, and means reconstruction. We focal point the remarkable achievements and breakthroughs that microsurgery has helped in these domains.In conclusion, microsurgery has demonstrated important accomplishments in improving regenerative medicine. Therefore, further investigation and refinement of microsurgical techniques hold huge potential for revolutionizing enlightening medicine and ultimately reconstructing patient care.

Author(s) Details:

Kamran Shirbache,
Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Hossein Nematian,
Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Zahra Vahdati,
Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Nesa Milan,
Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Leila Oryadi Zanjani,
Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Masoumeh Firouzi,
Research Center for Neural Repair (RCNR), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Ali Shirbacheh,
Hospital Centre of Niort, Niort, France.

Mohammad Hossein Nabian,
Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V3/article/view/11992

Determination of Mass Acquisition of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell | Chapter 10 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 9

 The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrous tissue that helps keep teeth in place in the alveolar bone socket. In addition, PDL tissue cushions occlusal force, maintains alveolar bone height, allows orthodontic tooth movement, and connects tooth roots to bone. Severe periodontitis, deep cavities, and trauma damage this tissue irreversibly, eventually resulting in tooth loss due to the destruction of tooth retention. These diseases affect a large number of people around the world, and their prevalence rises with age. To address this problem, regenerative therapy for PDL tissue that has been injured as well as The potential and effectiveness of stem cells, scaffolds, and cytokines, as well as their combination uses, have been widely explored in the surrounding tissues. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) have received a lot of attention. Because of the restricted number of PDLSCs available in vivo, I present thorough investigations on PDLSCs performed in vivo and recent findings concentrating on the acquisition of large numbers of PDLSCs for therapeutic applications in this review.

Author (s) Details

Hidefumi Maeda
Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V9/article/view/2011