Analysing Thyroid Hormone Profiles and Serum Proteins in Healthy Young Women in the Preconception Period and their Relationship with Anthropometric Parameters | Chapter 4 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Establishing the associations between anthropometric parameters and thyroid hormones and serum proteins in apparently healthy young women may identify early predictors of possible latent pathology with potential impact on future pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. Anthropometric measurements were carried out in accordance with The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, hip circumference, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], free tri-iodothyronine [fT3], free thyroxine [fT4]) and serum proteins (total protein [TP], electrophoretic profile, high-sensi- tivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], thyroxine-binding globulin [TBG], transthyretin [TTR]) were measured in 101 young (22.1±1.1 years) healthy women. Serum TSH, fT3 and fT4 were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. The correlations between the parameters within each group were assessed by Spearman’s rank-order correlation test. The statistical analyses were performed using STATISTICA version 13.3. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. BMI was not associated with serum thyroid hormone concentrations, TP, hs-CRP, TBG, TTR and protein electrophoretic fractions (p>0.05). Interconnections (p<0.05) between serum thyroid hormones and protein concentrations were highest at normal weights and differed between underweight and overweight subjects. In underweight subjects, a negative association was between waist circumference and fT3/fT4 ratio (r=-0.49, p<0.05). In overweight subjects, hip circumference was positively associated with the fT3/fT4 ratio (r=0.75, p<0.05). In conclusion, interdependencies of serum thyroid hormone concentrations with protein profiles between young normal-, under- and overweight women may indicate involvement of these parameters in the regulation of body-weight-dependent metabolic processes. Waist circumference in underweight females and hip circumference in overweight individuals may signal altered local metabolic homeostasis involving thyroid hormones. In conclusion, the differences in the association between anthropometric indices and the thyroid hormone panel and serum proteins demonstrated in healthy young women in the preconception period, suggest a chance to select a set of test parameters of prognostic potential, specifically targeted to this sex and age group.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Barbara Lisowska-Myjak
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

 

Hanna Zborowska
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

 

Slawomir Bialek
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

 

Piotr Wroczynski
Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

 

Marek Kuch
Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Masovian Bród- nowski Hospital, Poland.

 

Ewa Skarzynska
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v1/2830

Impact of Aging and Obesity on Insulin Parameters, T4/T3 Ratios, Metabolic Rates, Sirtuins and Longevity in Congenic LA/Ntul//-cp (Corpulent) Rats | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

The integrated effects of aging on thyroidal function and other hormonal and regulatory aspects of metabolism are important elements in various aspects of aging and longevity. Changes in thyroidal activity occur in aging, where they typically exhibit a U-shaped curve for plasma TSH concentrations, with variable responses in other parameters of thyroidal function and peripheral physiological actions and their pathophysiologic sequelae. The LA/Ntul//-cp rat strain, developed from a cross between a Koletsky Rat and an NIH longevity-prone LA/N strain of unknown origin exhibits one of the longest life spans of the various rodent strains that express a trait for early onset obesity in association with impairments in sympathetic and thyroidal components of non-shivering thermogenesis, insulin resistance and energy metabolism. To determine the effects of aging and obesity from adolescence through much of the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype, groups of congenic lean and obese female LA/Ntul//-cp rats were studied from 4 until 24 months of age denoting this design comprised the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype. Measures of Resting Metabolic rates (RMR), fasting plasma insulin and glucose, T3, T4, the plasma half-life of T4, and computation of T4/T3 ratios were determined as an indication of the capacity for deiodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues and its cumulative effects on RMR. Body weight of obese >>> lean at all ages studied. Plasma Insulin was significantly elevated in the obese phenotype, and decreased with advancing age, while plasma glucose remained within the normal fasting range in all rats of both phenotypes. RMR of lean > obese at all ages studied and decreased with advancing age in both phenotypes. Liver T4-5’ deiodinase activity of lean > obese at all ages studied. Plasma T4/T3 ratios decreased with aging in both phenotypes, with the greatest decrease in the obese phenotype. The T1/2 of 131I-T4 was over 40 % longer in the obese phenotype littermates at 4 months of age (p=< 0.01). These results suggest that conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues in association with attenuation of hyperinsulinemia contributes to decreases in RMR with aging and is further decreased in the obese phenotype, thereby decreasing the quantifiable availability of tissue T3 mass for thyroidal actions at the genomic level, including decreases in harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other entities as products of intermediary metabolism. Thus, the progressive decreases in plasma insulin and deiodination-mediated activation of T4 may represent a longevity attribute via decreases in resting metabolic rates, and in an associated attenuation of free radical generation and other metabolic factors of aging and longevity in this strain.

 

Author (s) Details

Orien L Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4161

Thyroid Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus: A Complex Interdependent Interaction | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Thyroid ailments and diabetes mellitus are, arguably, among the ordinary endocrine disorders worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine metabolic disorder, is an main cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction has been commonly encountered in diabetic victims with hypothyroidism being the most accepted type of dysfunction. Diabetics have a higher predominance of thyroid disorders when compared with the accepted population. Alteration in thyroid function confuses the management of diabetes mellitus and its problems. Thyroid hormones contribute to the managing of carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic function, and in another way, diabetes affects thyroid function tests to changeable extents. This chapter demonstrates the significance of recognizing this cooperative relationship between thyroid ailment and diabetes, which will help allure early diagnosis and treatment and guide clinicians on the optimum screening and administration of these conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Tejinder Singh,
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India.

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Physiology, Adesh Medical College, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Mridula Mittal,
Department of Physiology, Adesh Medical College, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Vishal Gupta,
Department of Community Medicine, GGSMCH, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10068

Association of Serum Creatinine with Thyroid Hormone Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients| Chapter 2 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 3

 This study was attended to investigate thyroid birth control method profile and allure correlation accompanying creatinine in CKD patients. Anomalies in kind structure or function that have existed present for more than three months are refer to as chronic kind disease (CKD) and have negative effects on fitness. The growth and happening of the kidney in addition to the maintenance of electrolyte equilibrium depend on thyroid hormones. The kind controls thyroid hormone absorption, degradation, and exudation; renal dysfunction affects thyroid birth control method synthesis, disposal, and excretion. In the later stages of CKD, hypothyroidism is repeatedly observed, in accordance with a study. . The present case control study was conducted at Dhiraj General Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India at which point 100 subjects were registered, out of that 50 were cases of CKD patients and 50 were controls. The exclusive informal network for the study was 18 to 70 years. Blood samples were drawn to measure ancestry urea, serum creatinine, thyroid characterization. Interpretation of data was accomplished using Medcalc program. Data were collected by individual interview, with all individual. Performa was available for the contents of biodata like age and gender, dispassionate examination judgments and investigations. The mean level of T3 was 0.87±0.52 in cases and 1.74±1.97 in controls, dissimilarity between bureaucracy was statistically significant. The mean level of T4 was 5.09±1.19 in cases and 6.11±1.28 in controls, distinctness between bureaucracy was statistically not significant.Serum TSH levels were greater in cases than in controls, but the differences were not statistically meaningful. Free thyroid hormones and serum creatinine were found to have a powerful negative correlation. Correlation of creatinine accompanying T3, T4 and TSH were not significant. Subclinical hypothyroidism is about undialyzed CKD patients. More studies including large study of human population are required to double-check these findings. In order to stop further cardiovascular difficulties, it's critical to screen CKD cases for thyroid gland dysfunction because hypothyroidism can bring about cardiovascular complications in CKD subjects.

Author(s) Details:

Roshni G. Sadaria,
Department of Biochemistry, Smt. BK Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (An Institute Deemed to be University), Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Smita N. Vasava,
Department of Biochemistry, Smt. BK Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (An Institute Deemed to be University), Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V3/article/view/9060

Thyroid and Growth Hormones Interdependence and Their Synergistic Effect on Growth and Development at Childhood | Chapter 16 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this study is to see how variations in thyroid and growth hormone plasma levels affect physical growth indices, as well as how these hormones change with age in children aged 6 to 10.

Design of the Study: The research is a prospective study that aims to find out how differences in growth and thyroid hormones affect children's physical growth and development.

Methodology: The study's 180 subjects (males 81 and females 99) had their anthropometric uniqueness described and their BMI calculated. The youngsters were divided into age groups of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 years. Thyroid and growth hormones were measured using a STAT FAX 303 microtitre plate reader and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) unique for each hormone. The statistical package SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis, data management, and statistical analyses. Student's t-test was used to determine group differences, ANOVA was used to find group variations, and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the link between parameters. The association between hormone concentrations and the ages of the children was charted using Excel. The tests' significance level was set at 0.05. The results will be presented as Mean Standard Deviation (SD).

Results: Nineteen percent (n=34) had GH values of less than 0.6 ng/ml, 64 percent (n=115) had values ranging from 0.6 to 10.0 ng/ml, and 17 percent (n=31) had values greater than 10.0 ng/ml. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values ranged from 0.35-8.44 Iu/ml in 92% of the children (n=166); 6.1 percent (n=11) had values >8.44 Iu/ml, which are above normal, and 1.7 percent (n=3) had values 0.35 Iu/ml, which are below normal. Triiodothyronine tends to increase from birth, peaking within the first year of postnatal life, and then gradually reducing to adult levels, whereas GH appears to increase from birth, peaking around the age of nine, and then gradually declining to adult levels. Children with an apparent GH shortage had significantly greater T3 and T4 levels and reduced TSH, while those with high GH levels had low T3 and T4 levels and a high TSH. TSH and growth hormones had negative correlation coefficients in individuals with high and low GH (r=-0.05 and r=-0.130), respectively, whereas TSH and GH had a positive connection coefficient (r=0.093) in those with normal GH. Physical growth indicators, however, were preserved across the board.

Conclusion: The study found that growth failure can be caused by the failure of both hormones, and that it is unlikely to occur throughout childhood when there is an unbroken synergy between thyroid and growth hormones.

Author(S) Details

Raymond Ekong Eworo
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V10/article/view/4638

Association of Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase among Thyroid Patients: A Brief Study | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 Thyroid hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland, and when these hormones malfunction, thyroid diseases occur. They are one of the most common endocrine illnesses in the world, ranking second only to diabetes. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the two most common thyroid conditions. These disorders are linked to a number of risk factors, including aberrant iodine levels and specific molecular indicators. The goal of this research is to learn more about the link between acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes and thyroid diseases. The hypo and hyper thyroid patients in this study had higher levels of acid phosphatase than the controls. Whereas alkaline phosphate levels are lower in hypothyroid patients than in controls, it is closer to normal levels in both patients and controls in hyperthyroid patients. In the introduction and the results, the linked literature correlation is explored in detail.

Author (s) Details

B. Dharani Priya
Former Coordinator, BVK PG College, Visalakshinagar, Visakhapatnam-43, India.

U. Prathyusha
Former Coordinator, BVK PG College, Visalakshinagar, Visakhapatnam-43, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V8/article/view/2168