The Role of Vitamin D in Different Stages of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and its Correlation with Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-𝛽1): A cross Sectional Study | Chapter 03 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Aim: The present study analyses the role of vitamin D status in different stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with transforming growth factor beta-1.

Background: A microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) is becoming more common each year. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should have their vitamin D levels regularly monitored, as low vitamin D levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.  Studies evaluating the role of vitamin D in DN are few. Conflicting data is available on the correlation between vitamin D and Diabetic Nephropathy. Studies revealed the sample population is Vitamin D deficient. Therefore, it is important to understand the correlation of Vitamin D with severity of Diabetic nephropathy and its role in fibrogenesis.

Methods: A 1.5-year cross-sectional study of 120 diabetic patients, 60 with nephropathy and 60 without nephropathy patients enrolled to MES Medical College. Patients with heart, liver, or thyroid disease, as well as those on dialysis, were excluded from the study. The VITROS 5600 integrated system were used to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, creatinine and vitamin D.  Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-𝛽1) is measured using ELISA technique. According to HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values, the study population is divided into two groups. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software was used to conduct the analysis. The level of significance was calculated at 95%.

Results: Compared to diabetic individuals without nephropathy, those with nephropathy had much-decreased vitamin D levels. Serum creatinine, urea, HbA1c, and TGF-𝛽1 in individuals with diabetic nephropathy revealed a highly significant negative association with vitamin D status, whereas eGFR showed a highly significant positive correlation.  Experimental studies, observational studies, and clinical trials have indicated the possible effects of vitamin D in protecting against the progression of DKD and preserving the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. These studies have highlighted the necessity of clinicians to be alert to vitamin D deficiency in patients with DKD and the importance of supplementation among high-risk groups.

Conclusion: A deficiency of vitamin D has a role in the development and severity of DN, and showed a highly significant correlation with the regulator of fibrosis, TGF-𝛽1. This finding indicates that vitamin D could be an important factor for the development and progression of Diabetic nephropathy. So supplementation of vitamin D may slow down the progression of DN.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Liji Kavuparambil
Department of Biochemistry, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, India.

Ashok Kumar Pammi
Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/140

The Role of Vitamin D in Different Stages of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and its Correlation with Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1): A cross Sectional Study | Chapter 3 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Aim: The present study analyses the role of vitamin D status in different stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with transforming growth factor beta-1.

Background: A microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) is becoming more common each year. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should have their vitamin D levels regularly monitored, as low vitamin D levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.  Studies evaluating the role of vitamin D in DN are few. Conflicting data is available on the correlation between vitamin D and Diabetic Nephropathy. Studies revealed the sample population is Vitamin D deficient. Therefore, it is important to understand the correlation of Vitamin D with severity of Diabetic nephropathy and its role in fibrogenesis.

Methods: A 1.5-year cross-sectional study of 120 diabetic patients, 60 with nephropathy and 60 without nephropathy patients enrolled to MES Medical College. Patients with heart, liver, or thyroid disease, as well as those on dialysis, were excluded from the study. The VITROS 5600 integrated system were used to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, creatinine and vitamin D.  Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1) is measured using ELISA technique. According to HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values, the study population is divided into two groups. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software was used to conduct the analysis. The level of significance was calculated at 95%.

Results: Compared to diabetic individuals without nephropathy, those with nephropathy had much-decreased vitamin D levels. Serum creatinine, urea, HbA1c, and TGF-β1 in individuals with diabetic nephropathy revealed a highly significant negative association with vitamin D status, whereas eGFR showed a highly significant positive correlation.  Experimental studies, observational studies, and clinical trials have indicated the possible effects of vitamin D in protecting against the progression of DKD and preserving the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. These studies have highlighted the necessity of clinicians to be alert to vitamin D deficiency in patients with DKD and the importance of supplementation among high-risk groups.

Conclusion: A deficiency of vitamin D has a role in the development and severity of DN, and showed a highly significant correlation with the regulator of fibrosis, TGF-β1. This finding indicates that vitamin D could be an important factor for the development and progression of Diabetic nephropathy. So supplementation of vitamin D may slow down the progression of DN.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Liji Kavuparambil
Department of Biochemistry, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, India.

 

Ashok Kumar Pammi
Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/140

Correlation Analysis of Serum Magnesium Levels with Renal Parameters in AKI Patients | Chapter 1 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

This chapter aimed to correlate serum magnesium levels with renal parameters in patients with Acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.

AKI is a prevalent condition with a range of causes and effects, including electrolyte imbalances that can manifest as hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, or hypocalcemia depending on the stage. One of the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities seen in hospitalized patients, particularly in the critically ill, is hypomagnesemia. As a result, we made the decision to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and AKI.

A total of 100 patients from those attending medicine OPD and getting admitted in medicine ward, Victoria &Bowring hospital, attached to Bangalore medical college and research institute, during the period of November 1st 2016 to august 30th 2018 was taken for the study. The decrease in magnesium <1.7 mg/L was defined as hypomagnesaemia. AKI was defined as per AKIN criteria. Day 1, day 3 and day 6 magnesium levels were measured.

Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 53%, 30% and 36% on day 1, day 3 and day 6 respectively. Out of 120 cases, 20 cases were excluded out of which 4 were due to obstructive uropathy, 6 were suffering from multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and 10 were diabetic. 66patients recovered from AKI and 34 did not recover, all 34 patients were treated with haemodialysis. It was observed that there was a positive correlation between serum magnesium, and serum creatinine. Normomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia on day 1,3 and 6 were significantly associated with recovery of AKI (p=<0.001).

In AKI patients, hypomagnesemia was far more common, and recovery was correlated with normal magnesium and hypermagnesium levels on days 1, 3, and 6. Hypomagnesemia was linked to non recovery rather than improvement.

Author(s) Details:

Raveendra K. R.,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Avinash H. R.,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Nitish Ashok Gurav,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V2/article/view/13087

Association of Serum Creatinine with Thyroid Hormone Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients| Chapter 2 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 3

 This study was attended to investigate thyroid birth control method profile and allure correlation accompanying creatinine in CKD patients. Anomalies in kind structure or function that have existed present for more than three months are refer to as chronic kind disease (CKD) and have negative effects on fitness. The growth and happening of the kidney in addition to the maintenance of electrolyte equilibrium depend on thyroid hormones. The kind controls thyroid hormone absorption, degradation, and exudation; renal dysfunction affects thyroid birth control method synthesis, disposal, and excretion. In the later stages of CKD, hypothyroidism is repeatedly observed, in accordance with a study. . The present case control study was conducted at Dhiraj General Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India at which point 100 subjects were registered, out of that 50 were cases of CKD patients and 50 were controls. The exclusive informal network for the study was 18 to 70 years. Blood samples were drawn to measure ancestry urea, serum creatinine, thyroid characterization. Interpretation of data was accomplished using Medcalc program. Data were collected by individual interview, with all individual. Performa was available for the contents of biodata like age and gender, dispassionate examination judgments and investigations. The mean level of T3 was 0.87±0.52 in cases and 1.74±1.97 in controls, dissimilarity between bureaucracy was statistically significant. The mean level of T4 was 5.09±1.19 in cases and 6.11±1.28 in controls, distinctness between bureaucracy was statistically not significant.Serum TSH levels were greater in cases than in controls, but the differences were not statistically meaningful. Free thyroid hormones and serum creatinine were found to have a powerful negative correlation. Correlation of creatinine accompanying T3, T4 and TSH were not significant. Subclinical hypothyroidism is about undialyzed CKD patients. More studies including large study of human population are required to double-check these findings. In order to stop further cardiovascular difficulties, it's critical to screen CKD cases for thyroid gland dysfunction because hypothyroidism can bring about cardiovascular complications in CKD subjects.

Author(s) Details:

Roshni G. Sadaria,
Department of Biochemistry, Smt. BK Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (An Institute Deemed to be University), Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Smita N. Vasava,
Department of Biochemistry, Smt. BK Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (An Institute Deemed to be University), Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V3/article/view/9060