Microsponge is a porous polymeric microsphere and a tiny sponge-like spherical particle. It is a novel, unique and futuristic approach to drug delivery in a well-framed manner. Using this approach, regulated delivery of drugs may now be gained quickly as well as safely. This system is a patented system of tiny particles, made up of very tightly connected, polymer-based microporous spheres filled with active ingredients, each containing many small, interconnected empty spaces. Sponge micro particulates have gained the interest of researchers for pharmaceutical applications due to their exceptional features, which include high porousness, elastic deformation, capillary action, and three-dimensional (3D) response surroundings. Sponge particles are particularly promising for medication administration, tissue engineering, and wound repair due to their large reservoirs with extensive surfaces and interior networks for cargo sheltering and shuttling. Topical drug delivery is the exclusive application of microsponge but later on, the other application routes of drug delivery like oral, pulmonary and parenteral were also used. One of the most excellent features of the microsponge is it is self-sterilizing. The release and loading of drugs were studied by researchers and indicated the properties responsible for them. This review focused on the incorporation of drugs in microsponges, fabrication methods, characterization parameters, and biomedical applications of microsponges. Near future, it will be quite useful in exploring the microsponge delivery systems (MDS) in different disorders. So, the objective of this work was to provide recent and updated information on Microsponges as smart carriers for drug delivery in Pharmaceutical research. Author(s) Details Ranu Biswas Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India. Md. Ahesan Ansari Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India. Sourav Mondal Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India. Pritam Kapat Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India. Arindam Ghosh Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India. Shounak Sarkhel JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Deshpriya Nagar, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, WB, India. Please see the book here: - https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1560

 

Microsponge is a porous polymeric microsphere and a tiny sponge-like spherical particle. It is a novel, unique and futuristic approach to drug delivery in a well-framed manner. Using this approach, regulated delivery of drugs may now be gained quickly as well as safely. This system is a patented system of tiny particles, made up of very tightly connected, polymer-based microporous spheres filled with active ingredients, each containing many small, interconnected empty spaces. Sponge micro particulates have gained the interest of researchers for pharmaceutical applications due to their exceptional features, which include high porousness, elastic deformation, capillary action, and three-dimensional (3D) response surroundings. Sponge particles are particularly promising for medication administration, tissue engineering, and wound repair due to their large reservoirs with extensive surfaces and interior networks for cargo sheltering and shuttling. Topical drug delivery is the exclusive application of microsponge but later on, the other application routes of drug delivery like oral, pulmonary and parenteral were also used. One of the most excellent features of the microsponge is it is self-sterilizing. The release and loading of drugs were studied by researchers and indicated the properties responsible for them. This review focused on the incorporation of drugs in microsponges, fabrication methods, characterization parameters, and biomedical applications of microsponges. Near future, it will be quite useful in exploring the microsponge delivery systems (MDS) in different disorders. So, the objective of this work was to provide recent and updated information on Microsponges as smart carriers for drug delivery in Pharmaceutical research.

 

Author(s) Details

Ranu Biswas
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India.

Md. Ahesan Ansari
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India.

Sourav Mondal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India.

Pritam Kapat
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India.

Arindam Ghosh
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, WB, India.

Shounak Sarkhel
JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Deshpriya Nagar, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, WB, India.

 

Please see the book here: - https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1560

Applicability of a New Modified Calcium Starch as Release Retarding Polymer: A Comparative Study | Chapter 10 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 This phase evaluate the drug release retarding effectiveness of a newly modified vigor named calcium vigor, in comparison to famous polymers namely hydroxy propyl methyl hydrogen (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (sodium CMC), ethyl cellulose and olibanum paste. Controlled-release dosage forms have created significant progress in conditions of clinical efficacy and patient agreement. Drug release from the systems bear be at a asked rate, predictable and reproducible. Polymers, that are used as release retarding materials in the design of regulated-release dosage forms play a lively role in ruling the delivery of drug from these portion of drug or other consumable forms. Gliclazide (30 mg) matrix tablets were created utilizing calcium starch and the added polymers at a polymer content of 5%, and the tablets underwent experiment. All of the calcium starch- and other polymer-located matrix tablets moderately released gliclazide over a ending of 12 to 24 hours. The release mechanism each of the prepared matrix tablets was erect to follow non-fickian spread. The release of Gliclazide from the matrix tablets steal hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, sodium CMC, and olibanum wax was relatively smart, and it was finished in 12hrs. But forge tablets prepared accompanying calcium starch, gliclazide release was slow and spread over 24 hours. The drug release was comparatively rapid in the case of sodium CMC, olibanum wax, ethyl cellulose and HPMC (98%- 99%) and the release was achieved within 8 – 12 hours with these tablets. In contrast, calcium vigor caused the gliclazide release expected gradual and out of touch with reality over 24 hours.

Author(s) Details:

Sailaja Gunnam,
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Affiliated with Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500090, India.

Monika Nijhawan,
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Affiliated with Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500090, India.

Rajeswari Aleti,
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Affiliated with Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500090, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11364

Validation of Sample Size Estimation by Bootstrapping Technique: Reference-scaled Average Bioequivalence Study| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1

 A new method was used and corroborated to estimate pivotal sample breadth from pilot study dossier and to establish Bioequivalence (BE) of Highly Variable Drugs (HVD), paroxetine, in human cases under fed environments using ghatti Gum as a rate ruling membrane, by remark scale design.Bootstrapping technique was selected to calculate the important sample size from pilot study dossier for HVD paroxetine. The reliability and confirmation of the method were proven in a semi copy three sequence (RRT, RTR, and TRR place T stand for test drug and R signify reference drug) cross-over BE study in 24 healthy issues under fed environments. Extended-Release (ER) matrix tablets were processed by wet granulation techniqueThe percentage of the Pharmacokinetic (PK) metric got from the bootstrapping technique afterwards log transformation was 1.04 for Cmax, 1.23 for AUCT, and 1.21 for AUCI accompanying corresponding capacity of the study which was more 80% from pilot study dossier simulation. The percentage of the PK metric acquired from the reference scaling design in the study was 1.00 for Cmax, 1.21 for AUCT, and 1.17 for AUCI. The upper limit of the Cmax, AUCT, and AUCI at 95% assurance limit was -0.143, -0.136, and -0.17, respectively.Reference climbing approaches were used to establish BE and test merchandise found BE with respect to the citation formulation, and therefore, we can conclude that the ghatti paste can be used as rate-reserved membrane in sure concentration to expand CR formulation of different drugs.

Author(s) Details:

V. Chandrakala,
Department of Pharmaceutics, East Point College of Pharmacy, Avalahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Utpal Kumar Sanki,
Department of Biostatistics, ICON Plc, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V1/article/view/8960

Fabrication of Zidovudine Loaded Olibanum Resin Microcapsules: Employing Natural Resin as Controlled Release Coat Material | Chapter 4 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 The goal of this study is to develop and evaluate natural biodegradable zidovudine microcapsules using olibanum resin as a microencapsulating agent, which after oral administration could improve the drug's bioavailability and provide sustained release, reducing dose-dependent side effects and improving patient compliance. For the manufacture of different batches of microcapsules, an industrially feasible emulsification-solvent evaporation approach was adopted. Particle morphology, microencapsulation efficiency, manufacturing yield, micromeritic characteristics, release profile and release kinetics, and other aspects of the proposed system were examined in vitro. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy were used to assess the physical and chemical properties of zidovudine and zidovudine-loaded microcapsules. The microcapsules with resin coatings were found to be spherical, distinct, and free-flowing. The microencapsulation efficiency was within a restricted range (81-88%), implying that medication distribution was consistent between batches. The findings of the thermohram and X-ray diffractogram revealed a partial alteration in the solid state of zidovudine. Depending on the core:coat ratio, zidovudine release from optimised batches of resin coated microcapsules took up to 24 hours. The Fickian diffusion process was discovered to be responsible for drug release. The resin-coated microcapsules had good controlled release properties and were determined to be suitable for a once-daily oral controlled release product.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Satyajit Panda
Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack (Odisha) – 754202, India.

Snigdha Pattnaik
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Jagmohan Nagar, Jagamara, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India.

Laxmidhar Maharana
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Jagmohan Nagar, Jagamara, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1704

Encapsulation of Anti-dyslipidemic Drug as a Controlled Release Tablet Using Proanthocyanidin Polymer | Book Publisher International

 Many people today are at high risk of coronary heart disease, and few drugs are available to assist them achieve their lipid goals. Niacin is one of the most promising drugs for dyslipidemia, with impressive lipid profile improvements. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) is the most effective medication for changing lipid diseases such as raised non-HDL cholesterol, elevated lipoproteins, elevated triglycerides, and lowering HDL cholesterol, and is thus useful in reducing residual cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia. We will discuss extended release dosage forms, factors that cause dyslipidemia and its symptoms, nicotinic acid mechanism, applications, and how it aids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, proanthocyanidin polymer, and the development of nicotinic acid controlled release tablet with proanthocyanidin polymer using the encapsulation technique in this book. The goal of this method of creating nicotinic acid tablets is to establish a constant drug level in plasma with fewer oscillations by releasing the medication slowly over time. The encapsulation efficiency was 99.73 percent and the drug content was 99.52 percent. The medicine was released at a rate of 97.2 percent for up to 12 hours, and at a rate of 97.74 percent for 11 hours. The medication was released in a zero-order sequence. The findings suggested that NA controlled-release tablets created using encapsulation are more effective than traditional dosage forms and have improved patient compliance. This book experiments and studies the efficacy of nicotinic acid in decreasing cholesterol levels and treating dyslipidemia, as well as the efficacy of nicotinic acid as a controlled release.

Author(s) Detalis

Ravi Manne
Environmental & Industrial Hygiene Services, Chemtex, Port Arthur, Texas, USA.

Agilandeswari Devarajan
Research & Development, Synapsesai India Private Limited, Indore, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/EADCRTUPP/article/view/1890

Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Theophylline Floating Tablets | Chapter 15 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The application of technology's principles to overcome medication formulation issues and the presentation of selected potently beneficial medications has been promoted as technology continues to gain traction in the medical sciences. Our team used a synthetic polymer to create a floating drug delivery system for theophylline hydrochloride and then investigated the influence of polymer concentration on tablet buoyancy and drug release parameters in the study provided in this chapter. The polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was employed in three formulation batches of floating tablets at varied concentrations of 15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 30% (F3). The method used was wet granulation, with sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as the gas generators. The granules' and floating tablets' physical qualities were assessed. The tablet's physicomechanical properties, buoyancy, and swelling characteristics were also investigated. The drug release research was carried out according to the USP I (basket technique) for 8 hours at 50 rpm in 900 ml 0.1N HCl. At a set period, samples were taken and analyzed with a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 271 nm. A one-way analysis of variance was used to statistically examine all of the data collected (ANOVA). P0.05 was used to determine whether the differences between means were significant. The results showed that increasing the polymer (HPMC) concentration raised the swelling index and decreased the floating lag time significantly (p0.05), but had no influence on the overall floating time. For formulations F1, F2, and F3, the percentage medication release at the end of 8 hours was 100 percent, 98.2 percent, and 96.13 percent, respectively. The Higuchi kinetics model of drug release was used in all three formulations, and the mechanism of drug release was non Fickian diffusion with exponents of 0.46, 0.51, and 0.56 for each batch. Batch F3 outperformed batches F1 and F2 in terms of drug control and floating properties. The concentration of polymers had an impact. the commencement of floating and theophylline's regulated release

Author (s) Details

E. I. Akpabio
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

D. E. Effiong
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

T. O. Uwah
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

G. Jacob
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1158