Sleep Impairment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Is it an Additional Symptom of the Disorder, Due to ADHD Comorbidities or a Common Sleep Disorder of Childhood and Adolescence Aggravated by the Disorder? | Chapter 1 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 8

 

This chapter is dedicated to sleep impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a quite common neuropsychiatric ailment affecting all ages. Sleep impairment is associated with widespread regional changes in brain activity involved in sustained attention, distraction, impulsivity and memory, as shown by numerous objective methods. Sleep problems which are very common in children and adolescents without ADHD present as either insufficient or impaired sleep. The diagnosis of ADHD lacks a biological marker and is based only on clinical judgment. Therefore, overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis are not uncommon. Since it is a developmental disorder, the clinical characteristics vary with age, nevertheless. the majority of affected individuals exhibit the traditional "triad" of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. A number of comorbidities are associated with the disorder and in many patients, their presence imposes a negative effect on life quality which may be more prominent than that caused directly by the classical "triad". Although cases with the triad have been reported during the last 200 years, the concept of ADHD was solidified in 1987. It has taken some time for sleep disturbance to be identified as a significant comorbidity of ADHD. It is surprising that the DSM-5 did not mention sleep impairment in relation to ADHD. This study reviews the traits, prevalence, and potential cause of sleep disturbance in children and adults with ADHD.  Also, the bidirectional association between impaired sleep quality and ADHD is discussed in an attempt to clarify whether impaired sleep is an additional symptom of “pure” ADHD, is the sole result of associated comorbidities, or is the result of both.

 

 

Author(s) Details
N. Gadoth

Department of Neurology, Maynei Hayeshua Medical Center Bnei Brak, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel and Department of Neurology, Maynei Hayeshua Medical Center.17, Povarsky St, Bnei Brak 57544, Israel.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v8/857

Relaxation Techniques as Treatment Approach for Reducing Cancer Related Symptoms | Chapter 10 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

The financial and social burden of Cancer related syndromes is quite colossal. Anti-depressant and anti-worry drug therapies as situation approaches are becoming more popular to treat cavity and anxiety as Cancer accompanying symptoms.In clinical medicine, Relaxation techniques are used for behavioural modifications. Different material systems are affected by this technique to improve the tangible and psycho-corporal aspects of health. Many items have shown Relaxation as an important method to reduce Cancer connected symptoms thereby lowering the economic and public load on the cancer affected inmates.This chapter gives facts about different treatment alternatives to treat cancer related syndromes. It also focuses on Relaxation, types of Relaxation method and the physiological response of the entertainment technique on fatigue, cavity, anxiety and other malignancy symptoms.

Author(s) Details:

Noel Samuel Macwan,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V9/article/view/11694

Sleep, Immunity and its Impact on Covid Vaccination: A Review | Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Corona viruses are a type of bug that causes illness in two together humans and mammals. In mid-December 2019, an outbreak of Corona bacterium disease was found in a seafood market in Wuhan City, China. Regardless of dispassionate symptoms, one who has had COVID -19 contamination confirmed in the testing room. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, and the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine have all been approved for one FDA for emergency use. It is hopeless to overstate the advantage of getting enough kind sleep for your immune scheme. Sleep is crucial for a strong invulnerable system, so as COVID-19 vaccines are reported, it's important that public get enough sleep to stay athletic and maintain their best attainable health. “Getting enough, high- condition sleep on a regular basis boosts the invulnerable system and optimises overall response to a vaccine.” Studies have proved that normal sleep following in position or time vaccination enhances the invulnerable response to an obtrusive antigen, and this exemption-enhancing effect of sleep is clinically main. “Getting a good night's sleep before and afterwards immunisation may be beneficial.”

Author(s) Details:

N. Dhivya,
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University - Puducherry, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V6/article/view/10027

The Association between the Sleeping Surface and Sleep Efficiency, Pain and Stress | Chapter 07 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Few studies have been undertaken to examine the relationship between sleep quality and pain by comparing respondents' ratings of these variables while sleeping on their existing mattresses and afterwards sleeping on medium-firm support replacement beds. The introduction of medium-firm mattresses greatly reduced pain during sleep and stiffness upon waking, as well as significantly improved sleep quality, according to the findings of these studies. More recently, research has shown that insufficient sleep increases stress, and that stress interferes with sleep efficiency and length, and that replacing mattresses reduced stress. Several of these researchers said that their participants' beds had been used for an average of nearly ten years. According to current research, replacing old mattresses with new sleep surfaces improves sleep quality and reduces pain, and may be linked to a reduction in stress-related symptoms.

Author(S) Details

Bert H. Jacobson
School of Kinesiology and Applied Health, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V6/article/view/6419

Association between Chronotype and Social Factors in Shift Workers: A Descriptive, Quantitative and Exploratory Study | Chapter 17 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 The purpose of this research was to assess the chronotype of shift workers at a wholesale company, analyse worker sleep on working days and off days, and confirm the links between sociodemographic factors and different work shifts with chronotypes. The light/dark cycle synchronises most biological and behavioural factors to 24-hour periods. Individual variances in the manifestation of circadian rhythm can be found among people who live in the same environment. As a result, the relationship between chronotype, sociodemographic characteristics, and different work shifts was identified and investigated in this study. Shift workers from a wholesale company in Poços de Caldas, Brazil, were the subjects of the study. The following resources were utilised: The Munich Chronotype questionnaire and sociodemographic variables. The study included ninety-four shift workers. The moderately morning chronotype was found in 40.43 percent of shift workers, followed by the intermediate type at 40.43 percent. It was also shown that sociodemographic characteristics and shift with distinct chronotypes have a substantial relationship. With this work, the researchers discovered that there are strong correlations between age, marital status, having children, and working shifts in determining the chronotype of these workers, with the morningness subjects working the night shift. These people are at risk for disorders including depression, low immunity, hypertension, and obesity, which are all linked to sleep deprivation.

Author(S) Details

Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino
Nursing School, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria 'Zeferino Vaz' - Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP : 13084-971, Brazil.

Beatriz de Oliveira
Nursing School, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria 'Zeferino Vaz' - Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP : 13084-971, Brazil.

Sandra Soares Mendes
Nursing School, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria 'Zeferino Vaz' - Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP : 13084-971, Brazil.

Karla Figueiredo De Martino Pasetti
Nursing School, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria 'Zeferino Vaz' - Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP : 13084-971, Brazil.

Jaqueline Girnos Sonati
Nursing School, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria 'Zeferino Vaz' - Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP : 13084-971, Brazil.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V6/article/view/6429

Sleep Disorders and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review | Chapter 16 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Sleep is a physiological process that happens to everyone. Approximately one-third of a person's life is spent sleeping. Sleeping for 7-9 hours a day, falling asleep effortlessly and staying asleep without interruption, waking up feeling refreshed, and remaining awake during the day are all signs of restorative sleep. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, hypersomnolence, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, can occur as a result of abnormalities. Breathing problems can also cause sleep fragmentation. All across the world, sleep disturbances are frequent. They're frequently linked to various health issues like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and psychological diseases. They also have a variety of behavioural issues. They are less productive, have more accidents, and are absent from work more frequently. Overall, these patients have a lower sense of well-being and a lower quality of life. Sleep disturbances are also linked to an increased risk of death. Chronic sleep deprivation costs the economy a lot of money. Inadequate sleep is also firmly linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death), peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction are all major cardiovascular illnesses. Sleep deprivation plays a role in the aetiology of all of these diseases. The link between sleep and cardiovascular disease is frequently bidirectional. Restorative sleep may be hindered by cardiac problems, particularly during intensive care hospitalisation. In the drive to improve worldwide cardiovascular health, maintaining a regular sleep routine and treating sleep-related problems are significant goals. The implications of sleep problems on cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this paper.

Author(S) Details

Shashi K. Agarwal
Center for Contemporary and Complementary Cardiology, 2227 US Highway 1, Suite 309, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5037

A Review on the Management of Insulin Resistance | Chapter 13 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

Introduction: Interventions for weight loss and relapse prevention have had mixed results. Furthermore, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and gout have been treated as separate diseases until now, despite accumulating evidence that these morbidities are the result of a malfunctioning metabolism caused by insulin resistance.

The goal of this study is to gather evidence that treating obesity with weight loss lowers comorbidities and improves quality of life.

Obesity and its comorbidities require a comprehensive approach to treatment. It's possible to accomplish it in primary care. A low carbohydrate diet and exercise should be widely acknowledged as the two key parts of treatment that contribute to the desired result: significant weight loss and reduction of comorbidities, as evidenced by improved blood parameters and improved quality of life. Dietitians, with the help of psychologists, physiotherapists, and fitness trainers, can play a significant role in diet management due to the diet's intricacy. Diet and lifestyle play an essential impact in health, and family physicians and nurse practitioners should be aware of this. Medication is not the ideal treatment for insulin resistance and should be avoided as much as possible.

Conclusions: Health professionals can influence the prevalence and implications of obesity and its comorbidities by identifying and treating insulin resistance in primary care, lowering health care costs significantly. Fasting insulin levels are the best way to diagnose IR. Additional tools include measuring waist circumference and calculating BMI. Weight loss should be prioritised by management, which should include a low-carbohydrate diet with adequate fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Exercise is an important aspect of relapse prevention and management. Insulin-resistant people may be able to regain their health by following these guidelines. They will always be insulin resistant to some level, and they will be unable to consume the typical amounts of carbs recommended in general dietary guidelines.

Author (S) Details

E. Govers
President of KDOO, the Netherlands; vice-chair of ESDN Obesity of the European Federation of Associations of Dietitians (EFAD),Germany.

E. Slof
EetOké, dietitian, member of KDOO Advisory Board, The Netherlands.

H. Verkoelen
Prima-Vita, dietitian and diabeteic nurse, KDOO Board, The Netherlands.

N. M. Ten Hoor-Aukema
Bon Appetit Dietitians, The Netherlands.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V15/article/view/3873

Sleep Restriction and Cardiac Autonomic Imbalance | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Using basic autonomic nervous system checks, stable heart status may be determined. Autonomic dysfunction of the nervous system, which can be shown by comparing central and peripheral components. Adverse cardiovascular events that result in mortality associated with the imbalance of the autonomous nervous system due to attenuation or decrease of different vital factors include diet , physical activity, adequate sleep quality and lifestyle factors such as diabetes , hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, stress of social isolation, excessive use of electronic devices, etc. When the sleep cycle and sleep continuity are disrupted, all therapies and techniques designed to strengthen parasympathetic regulation and stabilise the sympathovagal using drugs and alternative approaches can be ineffective or less effective. Latest day-to-day shifts in lifestyle and activities packed with work have no time management constraints and drag us dramatically to the last minute. Adequate and better sleep Qua In addition, studies also show that too much sleep also leads to a healthy heart and the autonomic system being at risk. For a safe body and sound mind, good sleep quality can be helpful and can minimise mental illness towards life in modern society. In relation to the different professions, events, and lifestyles that involve nightlife, the sense of sleep and its significance must be incorporated into the occupational guidelines and specifically practised. Relevant new methods, management, and research-based evidence increase the quality of sleep for people who work in night shifts until it contributes to sleep restriction and sleep deprivation.

Author(s) Details

Arbind Kumar Choudhary
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Sundareswaran loganathan
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/296