Influence of Baffle Block Arrangements and Downstream Weir Slope on Hydraulic Jump and Energy Dissipation on Solid-Roller Bucket Stilling Basins | Chapter 2 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 7

Stilling basin is an alternative water work to reduce the scour, and it is usually supplemented by baffle blocks or defence blocks to increase the effectiveness of the energy dissipater. Baffle walls and blocks are often used to stabilise the jump, decrease its length, and increase the energy dissipation. Performance of baffle walls and blocks in free hydraulic jumps has been studied by numerous researchers. Weir is a water structure built crossing a river to elevate the water level or the channel that will be directed to the irrigation network. The rise in water level due to damming will result in rapid flow downstream. The change of flow from supercritical to subcritical will create a hydraulic jump. To reduce the energy contained in the flow, it is necessary to build an energy dissipater, which is the stilling basin. This study investigates the influence of downstream weir slope and the influence of baffle block arrangement on hydraulic jumps and energy dissipation on the solid-roller bucket. The research was conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, UMS. This study used an open flume with dimensions of 30x60x1000 cm with a channel bed slope of 0.0058, an ogee spillway with a downward slope of 1: 4, 2: 4, 3: 4, 4: 4, and a solid-roller bucket stilling basin with baffle blocks of 5/12 R. The shape of the baffle blocks was cubical. The study was conducted on sixteen treatments (downstream slope and placement baffle blocks) with four variations of water discharge, in which the flow turbulence, the length of the whirlpool and energy loss of each discharge were tested. The spillway was designed using maximum discharge to obtain various flows. The findings showed that the increasing flow triggers greater turbulence, the length of the hydraulic jump downstream of the vortex, and a smaller value of the percentage of energy loss. Additionally, the most effective baffle block arrangement in reducing turbulence and hydraulic jumps is the one that is placed at the centre of the curved radius. Moreover, the efficiency of energy loss increases with reduced discharge variation; the treatment without baffle blocks is the most effective. With the same flow rate of the downstream body weir variation, there is an insignificant difference in the flow turbulence and energy loss except for the hydraulic jump length, which is the most effective 4: 4 slope. Further research can explore scouring effects at the downstream vortex, incorporating diverse forms of baffle block shapes, weir slopes, and weir heights for comprehensive analysis.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Jaji Abdurrosyid
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Gurawan Djati Wibowo
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Ika Setiyaningsih
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Pembra Juned Adipura
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v7/5273

Optimizing Scour Protection in Downstream Stilling Basins: Insights from USBR-Type Weirs | Chapter 3 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 5

In the downstream part of the weir, especially in the stilling basin, there is a hydraulic jump phenomenon caused by the change in flow from supercritical flow to subcritical flow. The hydraulic jump in the stilling basin of the weir causes bottom scouring, especially in the unprotected downstream part of the weir. This can result in significant damage to the overall structure of the weir. So that this downstream part requires protection to overcome scouring. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a laboratory study is needed on scouring and its mitigation in the downstream part of the weir. This research was conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Surakarta River Research Center using a recirculation channel. The dimensions of the recirculation channel are: length = 24 m; width = 0.49 m; and height = 0.60 m. The basic material of the recirculation channel is fine sand (sieve diameter = 2 mm) with a thickness of 0.20 m layered along the channel. The channel slope is 0.004, and it is assumed that there is no sediment load in the upstream part of the weir. This study uses a USBR (United States Bureau of Reclamation) type weir model consisting of USBR-I, USBR-II, USBR-III, and USBR-IV types. The model is placed approximately ± 9.0 m from the upstream with the aim of not being affected by wave ripples from the Inlet. The experiment was conducted using 4 variations of running discharge and 3 variations of running protection. The results showed that the maximum scour depends on the flow velocity, shear velocity, and flow height downstream of the stilling basin. In addition, the maximum scour is also affected by the Reynolds number and gravity (as the Froude number). These parameters are significantly interdependent. Furthermore, there is a significant reduction in scour downstream of the stilling basin protected by Rip-rap (RR) ¼ Lmax, RR ½ Lmax, and RR Lmax. In addition, protection using rip-rap length Lmax or loose gravel can protect scour with the smallest scour depth. However, scour still occurs downstream of the stilling basin even though there is protection along Lmax. Scouring depth reduction (Ym Reduction) on Rip-rap installation = Lmax RR with the largest reduction is USBR-IV type 92.94%, and the smallest is USBR-II type 81.21%. While the largest reduction in Scouring Length (Lm Reduction) is USBR-IV type 75.55%, and the smallest is USBR-I type 47.32%. So overall, the maximum Scouring Depth reduction (Ym Reduction) occurs in USBR-IV type, and the smallest in USBR-II type. While the maximum Scouring Length reduction (Lm Reduction) occurs in USBR-IV type, and the smallest in USBR-I type.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jaji Abdurrosyid
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia.

 

Gurawan Jati Wibowo
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v5/4261

New Perspectives on the Design of Stilling Basins | Chapter 5 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 6

In the design of hydraulic structures, the water velocity should be maintained at acceptable levels. The high velocity of water in an earthen channel or a natural river causes erosion of the channel bed and walls, which may cause irreparable damage to the facilities adjacent to the river. Also, in many cases, factors such as the steep slope of the channel floor, the large energy difference between two sections, the free fall of water, or the kinetic energy of the water flow is more than expected. This inevitably requires designing structures to reduce the kinetic energy. Such hydraulic facilities are called energy dissipation structures. Different types of energy dissipaters are available, the most common of which are stilling basins. With stilling basins, the flow energy is depleted by the hydraulic jump and the creation of strong turbulence in the stilling basin. For a better understanding of the energy available in the water velocity at the toe of the spillway, we can refer to the Grand Coulee dam. This dam was built on the Columbia River in America. The designed discharge of the dam spillway is 28,320 m3/s and the upstream and downstream water levels for this discharge are 393.8 and 308.23 m, respectively. If it is assumed that the energy loss on the spillway is insignificant, the energy of the water downstream of the spillway is equal to 23 GW according to the relation E=pgQH, where H is the difference in water level between the upstream and downstream sections. If the energy is not restrained properly, even the best conditioned downstream stone protection will undergo severe erosion. The design and construction of stilling basins downstream of dam spillways are one of the most common methods of water energy control and is the subject of this study.

Author(s) Details:

Farzin Salmasi,
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz- Iran.

John Abraham,
University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, School of Engineering 2115 Summit Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V6/article/view/13373

The Effect of Shape Variations of Weirs and Stilling Basin Type USBR-I on the Length of the Hydraulic Jump and Energy Loss | Chapter 1 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 2

 The purpose concerning this study was to decide the effect of shape variations of weirs and stilling lagoon type USBR-I on the length of the hydraulic jump and strength loss.The Emblem of weir is an fundamental part of dam construction cause the function is releasing water from the hard to do part of the dam. The effect of a dam can found supercritical flow (supercritical) downstream of the cascade and cause a water jump (hydraulic jump) which if abandoned untreated will happen local scour the coming after. weir. In movable barrier at entrance planning, it should to take into the dam will be used cause it affects the flow environments downstream of the embankment.This study employed basic data from workshop testing utilizing a Recirculating Flume agent of 10.0 m long, 0.30 m wide channel, and 0.60 m chute height This was administered by making variations in the form of test objects, that is to say ogee emblem weirs, 1 radius round type weirs, and 2 sweep round type weirs utilizing the USBR-I stilling basin type that was then proven in the laboratory utilizing five different alternatives of flow rates, namely 3000 cm3/s, 3500 cm3/s, 4000 cm3/s, 4500 cm3/s, and 5000 cm3/s. To decide the most productive way to diminish the hydraulic jump's length and lower its strength, the data test was resolved by using equatings/formulas and graphically potrayed to produce research verdicts and compared accompanying crest alternatives. The results in the study show the effect of dam crest differences on the length of the hydraulic jump (Lj) established the maximum discharge, which is round type 1 range of dam crest accompanying 125 cm longest Lj, before a 2 radius round type accompanying the longest Lj 136 cm, and an rounded line or object type with the most protracted Lj. 142 cm. For the effect of variations of dam symbol on energy deficit (hf), the average value of the five running discharge experiments on each sample was taken, the alternative of the dam crest that had defeater in competition to the smallest strength loss (hf) profit was the 2 radius round type dam accompanying hf average 31,429 cm, ogee type dam accompanying an average hf of 31.404 cm, and round type 1 radius dam accompanying an average hf of 30.456 cm. Finally, it was decided that the variation of the dam symbol is the most effective in reducing strength is the 2 radius round type dam emblem.

Author(s) Details:

Jaji Abdurrosyid,
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakakarta-57102, Indonesia.

Edi Purwanto,
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakakarta-57102, Indonesia.

Renaningsih,
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakakarta-57102, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V2/article/view/12944

Modelling and Visual Basic Programming for Hydraulic Jumps | Chapter 3 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 7

This member investigated about displaying the rise in water level in a flow, exceptionally, in open channels as a result of sudden progress in flow regimes from unstable gunfire flow to a relatively constant streaming flow. A hydraulic jump is characterised apiece development of big turbulence, strength dissipation and air entrainment. For the best profit maximisation, moment of truth- and money-wasting manual calculation of hydraulic engineering issues that demand numerous redundancies was modelled. Hydraulic jumps is a wonder that occurs in water mobile and encounters energy change (strength loss )on account of change in one or more of speed, cross section, insight etc of the water or passage channel. The process integrates energy and impetus equations, and the analytical model calculated the hydraulic jump's mechanics properties. Through the use of the able to be seen with eyes basic set up language, the model's equatings were simulated. A record of what happened on the model showed that the programme runs absolutely and comparison of the results of the experiments accompanying the manual results showed that two together gave same result of  The results of the experiments reinforced irrigation, available water, mix chemical compound for water purification, oxygenate water and waste water for water situation and removal of air bubbles in supply lines. The strength loss is affected by the wisdom and width of the channel. The lower the wisdom the higher the head misfortune and the higher the insight, the lower the head loss.The programme is considered for use in engineering aids analysis, design, and advisory.

Author(s) Details:

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Ledogo B. Augustine,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Oba L. Achemie,
Depertment of Civil Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpoulu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Gbinu S. Kabari,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Tekena G. Amie-Ogan,
Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Kanee Sorbari,

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V7/article/view/11118 

Determination of Stilling Basin Invert Elevation and Its Effect on Controlling Hydraulic Jumps| Chapter 5 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 2

 When water is released over chutes or spillways, potential energy becomes kinetic energy. It is necessary to discharge this energy to reduce the risk of serious erosion of the riverbed downstream and foundation deterioration, both of which might cause the spillway and dam to fall. Energy dissipators must be employed in order to accomplish this goal by first transforming the energy into a highly turbulent flow, then into thermal energy. To discharge surplus energy, a variety of methods can be used, including stilling basins. For example, creating a hydraulic leap in the stilling basin will do this. The calculation of the stilling basin inversion elevation in relation to the elevation of the upstream water, the design discharge, and the elevation of the downstream water and tail water is described in this study using a straightforward method. Very few examples are provided to demonstrate the design procedure's possibilities.

Author(s) Details:

Farzin F. Salmasi,
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

John Abraham
University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, School of Engineering 2115 Summit Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V2/article/view/8273