Drying Kinetics and Fungal Infection in Red and Yellow Onions (Allium cepa): A Simulation Approach | Chapter 4 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

In the Philippines, red and yellow onions are frequently cultivated. The country’s advantageous climate and soil traits create an optimal setting for growing these onion types. The elevated moisture levels in onions render them vulnerable to fungal growth, especially Aspergillus niger, leading to spoilage and economic losses in agriculture. Drying is a method used to prolong the shelf life of onions by decreasing moisture content and water activity. Dehydrating onions to a moisture content (MC) of 5% prevents the proliferation of microorganisms and ultimately extends their shelf life. This study aims to determine the ideal drying temperature and minimum duration for onions to reach 5% moisture content by assessing the least energy usage. Three mathematical models—Laplace Transform Model, Page Model, and Non-linear Decomposition Model—were analysed to characterise the drying behaviour of thinly cut red and yellow onions at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C, utilising a tray dryer with 20% relative humidity and an air velocity of 2 m/s. The Page model provided the optimal fit for red and yellow onions with the smallest overall error. The optimum drying temperature was observed at 70°C for both red and yellow onions, which was efficient in producing quality onions without any fungal growth at the shortest drying time of 25.6 and 24.74 minutes, respectively. The power requirement calculated at 70°C was 154.18 W for red onions and 148.07 W for yellow onions.  These results may serve as a basis for developing efficient drying protocols in red and yellow onion processing industries.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Lola Domnina Pestaño
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Megan Krisanta E. Gaspar
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Aereous Francesca D. Quizon
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Rhodelie Anne L. Sandoval
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6622

A Study on the Treatment of Hyperkeratotic and Scaling Disorders Using Salicylic Acid Film Forming Gel with It’s Development and Characterization | Chapter 12 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

 In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional local formulation, the aim of this study is to design and distinguish a salicylic acid film-forming coagulate of hydrophilic polymers for the treatment of hyperkeratotic and climbing disorders that has wipe-off opposition, longer memory at the treatment ground, and is simple to spread and apply to the skin. Hyperkeratosis refers to the raised thickness of the layer corneum, the outer tier of the skin. It is most frequently on account of chronic material or chemical damage such as disagreement or the use of aggressive soaps but can further derive from never-ending inflammation or a side-effect of various drugs, including a destructive agent. Salicylic acid can be used topically to treat hyperkeratotic disorders, that are skin conditions from red, dry, fissured, and scaling skin. The film-making gel is qualified with HPMC E15, carbopol 934, propylene glycol, water, flammable liquid, and the drug. It is then optimised using 22 factorial designs and is characterised by allure physical traits, pH level, spreadability, drug content, rheological study, in vitro drug release, drying period, mechanical features of the film, and other determinants. Salicylic acid film-forming gel balance, skin irritancy, ex vivo permeation, and skin memory were also examined. For certain tests, every expression produces the expected results. The optimisation study found that viscosity increases and drug release decreases when HPMC E15 and carbopol 934 concentrations rise. The enhanced formulation had a stickiness of 47.6 ± 1.23 cp and a 90.23 ± 2.01% drug release. It is concluded that salicylic acid film-making gel for the situation of hyperkeratotic and scaling ailments is efficiently caused with hydrophilic polymers i.e., HPMC E15 and Carbopol 934 and that has wipe off fighting, longer memory at the site of situation, easy to spread on use and it forms a thin, transparent, protective, emollient and water dissolved film on skin within few notes to overcome the disadvantages of practice topical expression like ointment, lotion, gel i.e. need to massaging, poor devotion to the skin, easily wiped off on account of clothes, sweat, flows, poor permeability, ruined patient compliance.

Author(s) Details:

Rajashri N. Kausdikar,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Manish S. Kondawar,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Priyanka H. Jadhav,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. J. J. Magdum Pharmacy College, Jaysingpur, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Nayna M. Jaiswal,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Nagpur), RTMNU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Ramling D. Mali,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. J. J. Magdum Pharmacy College, Jaysingpur, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V1/article/view/12151