Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Optimization Using Cluster Analysis: A Case Study of the Gareh-Baygone Aquifer, Shib-Kuh Plain, Shur Watershed of Iran | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

Managers need affordable, scalable, and reliable groundwater monitoring systems to collect critical groundwater data. In addition to the lack of water quality monitoring in the study area, the existing monitoring networks are not designed according to standard guidelines, and there is no ongoing assessment of these networks. Whether the monitoring networks have a great or small number of sites can lead to significant issues. This chapter aims to evaluate the monitoring networks of the changes in groundwater quality of the Shib-Kuh aquifer established in 2005 in South West of Iran. Additionally, the study aims to improve the monitoring networks and save expenses. In this aquifer, the groundwater main chemical anions, cations, EC, TDS, TH, SAR and pH are measured in 20 sites. For spatial-temporal optimization of underground water monitoring networks, new approaches have been investigated using methods based on statistics and geostatistics. There are many methods to determine the number of clusters in cluster analysis, which has a wide range of applied sciences. Grouping data into meaningful clusters is a popular problem omnipresent in the recent scientific literature having practical importance in various applications, such as investigating earthquakes, climate changes, and in biology, agriculture etc. The statistical cluster analysis methods are used and observed, variables and sampling sites are analyzed and evaluated. The results showed the probability of about 25 percent reduction in the sites. The outcome also proved that it was possible for some of the measuring parameters to have been removed. The cluster analysis method is a suitable way to evaluate the quality of establishment as well as the function of the monitoring networks of water resources. Through the application of this method, the number of sites, variables, or both of these factors can be optimized and this optimization leads to upgrading of monitoring networks.

 

Author (s) Details

Hamid Hosseinimarandi
Soil Protection and Watershed Research Department, Fars Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.

 

Mohammad Mahdavi
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Hassan Ahmadi
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Baharak Motamedvaziri
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

 

Abdolali Adelpur
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/1793

From Sasanian Adurbadagan to Modern Azerbaijan: Historical Background and Developments | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 The author argues the historical education of the origin of up-to-date Azerbaijan divided apiece Araz river into pertaining to the south or Iranian and northern or the free Republic of Azerbaijan. The author analyzes the use of the Sasanian name Adurbadagan to both hands of modern Azerbaijan. He trusts that the name Azerbaijan originates from the Avestan conversation Atash or Atar or Azar that means fire. As a factual and political term, Azerbaijan ancestries deep to Achaemenids’ Aturpatakan (Atropatena) evolving into the Sasanian Adurbadagan - a Zoroastrian center of the rule. Since late Antiquity, Adurbadagan’s military and administrative functions were comprehensive and applied apiece Sasanids to all lands in the north from the Aras waterway, up to Darband stronghold in Arran (Albania) in Caucasia. The author argue, because late Antiquity, Adurbadagan and Arran became identical names in the northern bank of the Araz waterway. In the Islamic period, specifically after Seljuk Turks victory of Iran, Adurbadagan evolved into the Turkified form of Azarbadajan or Azerbaijan, sealing the modern Azerbaijani Turks’ correspondence in the south and northward sides of the complete Azerbaijan divided for one Araxes.

Author(s) Details:

Mahir Khalifa-Zadeh,
Canadian Political Science Association, Toronto, Canada and Azerbaijan in Global Context, Media and Analysis Centre, Toronto, Canada.

Leyla Khalifazadeh,
Don Mills Collegiate Institute, Toronto, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V9/article/view/12120

The Effect of Pregnancy on the Treatment of Asthma Patients with COVID-19 | Chapter 8 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.10

 COVID-19 is a virus that affects the respiratory system, throat, nose, and lungs, causing serious lung illness and death. Infections can aggravate the symptoms of asthmatic sufferers. The severity and prognosis of asthma in pregnant women with underlying illnesses like diabetes are likely to be devastating.

Presentation of a Case: We discuss the case of a COVID-19-infected asthmatic pregnant woman who was admitted to two Iranian hospitals. The patient's symptoms included dry coughs, dyspnea, inability to talk, numbness, and weariness. The initial examination revealed a body temperature of 37.9°C, oxygen saturation (SPO2) of 91%, partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) of 25mm Hg, respiratory rate (RR) of 20 breaths/minute(b/m), blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg, pulse of 80 beats per minute (bpm), and foetal heart rate (FHR) of 167 beats per minute. The pregnancy was ended by caesarean section (C/S) due to foetal tachycardia, and a healthy infant with normal anthropometric parameters was born. Leukopenia, as well as elevated levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, were present in our patient. After 8 days, our patient was discharged in good general condition after receiving supportive treatment as well as antibiotic and antiviral therapy.
Conclusions: Despite having underlying disease and infection with COVID-19, the patient's health improved after 8 days in the hospital and had a favourable clinical outcome.

Author(s) Details:

Alireza Jashni Motlagh,
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Sara Esmaelzadeh,
Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Ozra Parhizkar,
Midwifery Ward, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Leili Salehi,
Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V10/article/view/5821