Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Children’s Pulmonary Health | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The aim of the affiliate was to assess the distinctnesses in pulmonary function between teenagers residing in Tirana's suburban and city areas. The city of Tirana is experiencing important population growth and harsh air pollution, particularly from coarse matter. These issues are caused by motor vehicle traffic, the growth of the building industry, and the city's thick population.This survey was attended on 238 children living in city areas and 72 children reside suburban fields between 2004 and 2005, assessing vital pulmonary function. A questionnaire was utilized to accumulate data on sexuality, present respiratory problems, specialist-diagnosed allergies, parent instruction and smoking dresses, presence of animals, artificial carpets, and molds in their homes, and so on. The schools and youth involved in this place study were chosen using a randomized habit. We have also measured and top-secret air contaminants.We found that when we distinguished the pulmonary function values of two groups of kids, the differences were substantial (p 0.001), nevertheless when we compared symptoms, the distinctnesses were for cough (p 0.011) and phlegm (p 0.032). The levels of coarse matter (PM10) and total suspended matter (TSP) were over the recommended maximum principles, whereas the levels of other contaminants were within the Planet Health Organization (The one) guidelines.According to the survey's judgments, children's respiring health is influenced by air contamination, and children living in city areas have somewhat bad pulmonary function values than youngsters living in suburban districts.

Author(s) Details:

Afrim Tabaku,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Gazmend Bejtja,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Silvana Bala,
University Hospital for Lung Disease, Tirana, Albania.

Ervin Toci,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Jerina Resuli,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V9/article/view/12807

Analysis of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Phenotypes and Pulmonary Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Chapter 8 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 2

Introduction: Using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be diagnosed. FEV1) was seen with lower lobe and overall average MLD whereas a weak linear association of post-FEV1 was observed with (HRCT). This research aimed to evaluate COPD patients' HRCT features.

Materials and Methods: Of the 50 patients with COPD who satisfied the GOLD guidelines 2014 criteria for inclusion based on spirometry, 35 had an HRCT. The Philips lung densitometry computer application was used to calculate densities using these restrictions (-800/-1, 024 Hounsfield unit [HU]) after densitometry data were verified using phantoms. In order to quantify the attenuation as mean lung density (MLD) of the lower and upper lobes, we first designated the region of interest using a free-hand drawing, established restrictions (in HUs), and then utilised a computer programme.

Results: There was a significant correlation between the smoking index and the anterior-posterior tracheal diameter (P = 0.036). The tracheal index dropped with increasing disease severity, which was statistically significant (P = 0.037). Pre-forced expiratory volume in the first second (both coronal (P = 0.042) and sagittal (P = 0.001) lower lobes MLD) showed a weak linear connection. Additionally, there was a linear connection between sagittal lower lobe MLD and pre (P = 0.050) and post (P = 0.024) FEV1/forced vital capacity.

In conclusion, HRCT could be a helpful addition to the total COPD examination.

Author(s) Details:

Ravi Bhaskar,

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Career Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (UP), India.

Seema Singh,

Department of Respiratory Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow (UP), India.

Pooja Singh,

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Career Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (UP), India.

Sandeep K. Singh,

Govt. Pharmacy College, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, UP, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V2/article/view/7347

Effect of Inhaled Tiotropium as the Perioperative Management of Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Resection for Primary Lung Cancer: Critical Study | Chapter 4 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of perioperative tiotropium therapy for patients undergoing pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer. The short-term tiotropium effect was investigated by perioperative pulmonary function and “lung age”.  Methods: The fifty-five patients who underwent a lobectomy and had tiotropium treatment available from October 2007 through May 2009 were the subjects. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their airway limitation such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or a history of smoking; those with COPD (%FEV1 ≤ 70%, C-group, n = 22), smokers (%FEV1 > 70%, Sgroup, n = 10) and non-smokers (%FEV1 > 70%, N-group, n = 23). As the bronchodilator groups, the C- and S-groups received inhaled tiotropium bromide (18 μg once daily) for 1 week before surgery until at least 3 weeks after surgery without interruption, and as a control, the N-group had no treatment. The preoperative baselines, the predicted postoperative values, and the actual postoperative ones were measured by the pulmonary function test. The changed rates were calculated and denoted as ΔVC, ΔFEV1, ΔVC% and ΔFEV1/FVC, from the baseline of the predicted postoperative values. The mean “real age” and “lung age” were calculated.  Results: In the S-group, the parameters of ΔVC, ΔFEV1, ΔVC% and ΔFEV1/FVC significantly increased compared to those of the N-group. In the C-group, the increased extents of ΔFEV1 and FEV1/FVC were lower compared to those in the S-group (not significant). In the N-group, the parameters of ΔVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔVC% decreased. The postoperative “lung age” and “real age” were increased to 29.5 ± 18.0 year-old in the C-group, 25.8 ± 18.0 in the S -group, and 24.7 ± 17.0 in the N-group. Lung resection affected the “lung age”; the aging was a 28.9 ± 12.7 year-old increase in the N-group. In the C- and S-group, the “lung age” was a 14-year-old increase. The effect of tiotropium treatment affected the “lung age” as a 15-year-old increase.  Conclusion: Perioperative interventional tiotropium contributed to the lobectomy patients with COPD and for smokers with a non-obstructive airway and played a role of preserving the postoperative lung function.

Author(s) Details

Takanori Ayabe
Division of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

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