Molecular Docking Studies of Chloroquine Derivatives with Human HGPRTase | Chapter 4 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 5

 

In this study, molecular docking simulations were performed to investigate the binding interactions between chloroquine and its putative molecular targets. Analysis of the docking results provided insights into the key amino acid residues involved in ligand binding and the potential binding pockets within the target proteins. Human HGPRTase is the protein used for docking studies of chloroquine. Chloroquine is used as a standard. The compounds C2 and C6 displayed the best Mol Doc score –124.844 kcal/mol -137.776kcal/mol. The standard drug Chloroquine exhibited a Mol Doc score of -77.1536 kcal/mol.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Tirumalasetty Varshitha
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Sec-bad, India.

 

Yellapragada N V S Sri Harsha
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Sec-bad, India.

 

Dugyala Bhuvaneshwari
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Sec-bad, India.

 

Vudumudi Nitya Subha Pallavi
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Sec-bad, India.

 

Arunapriya Lakkadi
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Sec-bad, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v5/6378

Investigation of the Efficacy of Home-based Chloroquine Treatment on Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in under-Five Children in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This member aims to investigate the efficiency of home-based oral chloroquine situation on Plasmodium falciparum malaria with under-five children in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. This is a cross-localized study of 93 children with and outside malaria. Malaria was recognized using microscopy of Leishman's tainted thick and thin ancestry films, P. falciparum parasitemia was determined using standard microscopy methods, and a complete blood count was acted using a Beckman Coulter Analyzer. The carcass temperature on admission was considerably lower (p < 0.05) in the control non-malaria group (36.80oC ± 0.07oC) than in the three sickness groups respectively. The mean party temperature of chloroquine treated minors with sickness was significantly lower (p < 0.05) (37.94 ± 0.30 oC) than that of teenagers presenting accompanying severe malaria (39.24±0.47 oC). Parasitemia was considerably lower (p < 0.05) in the pre-admission chloroquine doctored group (18.13% ± 0.49%) than in the non-treated plain malaria group (34.35% ± 2.75%) and severe sickness group (43.57% ± 5.49%), respectively. The average number of days before the cases were stated in the hospital was 4.80 days. The red body fluid concentration of 7.23 ± 1.01 g/dl obtained for non-doctored malaria sufferers indicates a gentle anemia, when in fact the hemoglobin concentration principles of 9.60 ± 0.51 g/dl and 10.52 ± 0.16 g/dl obtained for chloroquine acted children and control minors respectively show that the two groups of youngsters were not anemic and the principles obtained were inside the normal range. This study has demonstrated that skilled was positive impact of home-located chloroquine treatment on Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and more in agreement with a study in Jos [1], shows reduced scope of anemia in offsprings under 5 years accompanying Plasmodium falciparum in Jos Metropolis of Nigeria. Similar research reports from Tanzania [2] and Gambia [3] also illustrated that unsupervised malaria situation at home was highly productive using Home-administration of malaria (HMM) strategy. Standardization and attainable implementation of HMM need expected considered as few malaria control strategies.

Author(s) Details:

Afolabi Segun Olomu,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Ubom Gregory Abraham,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Gazuwa Yusuf Samuel,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Johnson Titilayo,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Okolo Selina Nnuaku,
Paediatrics Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10075

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)| Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 In the medical field, antibiotics are frequently used to treat a variety of infectious disorders. High death rates, rising healthcare costs, and decreasing productivity have all been linked to antimicrobial resistance. The chapter sought to highlight the most recent mechanisms and causes of antibiotic resistance in soronavirus-2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is largely caused by the abuse of antibiotics and other socioeconomic factors.  Investigations found that despite the fact that only 10% to 15% of infected SARS-CoV-2 cases had secondary bacterial infection, healthcare systems are treating all SARS-CoV-2 infections with antibiotics, even when the symptoms are moderate. The evolution of antibiotic resistance is also being exacerbated by overworked healthcare systems, inadequate infection control procedures, and increased production of personal protective equipment (PPE). Emerging COVID-19 genetic variations have been shown to reduce the effectiveness of many COVID-19 vaccinations, demonstrating the necessity of routine booster shots. In healthcare settings, antibiotic stewardship should be encouraged with the appropriate flexibility as necessary.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Raslan,
Drug Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

M. S. Eslam,
Drug Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

A. R. Sara,
Drug Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Nagwa A. Sabri,
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V6/article/view/8097

Determination of a Possible Benefit of 4-Aminoquinoline Drugs to Reset Post-Acute Inflammation in Old Age | Chapter 14 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Chronic low-amplitude systemic inflammation is common in the elderly, and it contributes to various aspects of the frailty phenotype, including sarcopenia, low mood, and higher degrees of reliance on others for vital activities, as well as increased all-cause mortality. Patients with this type of "inflammaging" had elevated baseline levels of many pro-inflammatory cytokines in their peripheral blood, including tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta, as well as persistently elevated C-reactive protein. There is an obvious need to find therapies, such as medicines, that can reduce inflammation by assisting the innate immune system in returning to a less inflamed state. Such qualities can be seen in a variety of pharmacological classes. The goal of this chapter is to provide a summary of the background science on the relationship between ageing, inflammation, and frailty, followed by an explanation of the established role of methyl-xanthines, particularly theophylline, as immune modulating drugs, and finally a case for the use of 4-aminoquinolines, such as chloroquine, in a similar role. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of various groups of medications are compared, leading to the recommendation that formal clinical trials of chloroquine as an adjuvant immune modulator for "inflammaging" and persistent post-acute inflammation in old age be done.

Author(S) Details

Stephen Allen
The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Dorset, UK and Centre for Postgraduate Medical Research and Education, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK.

Divya Tiwari
The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Dorset, UK and Centre for Postgraduate Medical Research and Education, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V7/article/view/4539

Mass Intake of Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine during Covid-19 Pandemic: Possible Consequences in Endemic Malaria Settings | Chapter 12 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 The world is currently experiencing a new pandemic for which there is no cure. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has infected 183 countries and killed a large number of people. Many reports cited chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), two former malaria drugs, as the best current option for combating this dreadful disease. Because these molecules were removed from malaria treatment policies due to chemoresistance, their reintroduction could have some ramifications. Though local malaria prevalence may decrease for a time, molecular changes in some plasmodium falciparum genes involved in drug resistance are likely. If these molecules are widely distributed, This could jeopardize malaria control efforts if it is administered.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Dieudonné M. Mvumbi
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, BP 190 KIN XI, Kinshasa, DR Congo.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V6/article/view/1672

4-N-(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethyl petane- 1,4-diamine Ti Complex: Synthesis and Characterization | Chapter 16 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Aims: Chloroquine is a member of the 4-aminoquinoline medication class that is used to prevent and cure malaria in locations where the disease is known to be susceptible to its effects. Metals can form covalent bonds with carbon in most cases, resulting in metal-organic complexes. Our goal is to synthesize the chloroquine–titanium complex and investigate how it coordinates. Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, 2019. Place and Duration of Study:

Methodology: The chloroquine Ti(II) complex was created by reacting chloroquine phosphate with titanium(IV) oxide. UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the metal complex.
The complex's UV spectra revealed intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT), and the d-d transition. The complex's IR spectra revealed the involvement of the amine and imine groups in collaboration with Ti. Chloroquine acted as a bidentate ligand as a result of this. The amine group's role in coordination was further demonstrated by 1H NMR of the spectrum.

Conclusion: Chloroquine's ability to sequester the Ti (II) ion has been demonstrated. This medication can remove Ti ions from a solution, the environment, or a biological system.

Author (s) Details

I. E. Otuokere
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

K. C. Amadi
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

C. O. Alisa
Department of Chemistry, Federal University

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1159