Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Single-Shade Composite vs. Multi-Shade Composite: An In vitro Study | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 11

Composite resin materials are a popular choice for direct tooth-colored restorative purposes due to their excellent aesthetic qualities and versatility. The key determinants that impact the visual aspect of the restoration are gloss, surface roughness, and color stability. Research indicates that there is a direct correlation between the level of roughness on a composite resin surface and the likelihood of discoloration. To meet the increasing patients' esthetic demands, achieving an ideal color match between natural tooth tissues and restorative material is crucial. However, clinicians face challenges in replicating the color of natural dentition in response to the heightened aesthetic demands.

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of a single-shade and multi-shade composite resin after subjecting it to toothbrush simulation and immersion in coffee and an aerated drink.

Ten single-shade composite resins and 10 multishade composite resins were packed into a Teflon mold and light cured. Preoperative surface roughness values were evaluated using a surface profilometer. Toothbrush abrasion was simulated using a toothbrushing simulator. All these resin molds were then evaluated for initial color using a spectrophotometer machine (Konica Minolta, Japan). Five resin molds were then immersed in a beaker containing coffee for seven days and five resin molds were immersed into a beaker containing an aerated drink for seven days. Following this, the resin molds were reevaluated for color stability using a spectrophotometer machine. Data regarding surface roughness and color stability in multi-shade and single shade composites was investigated for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and showed a normal distribution. Descriptive statistics were derived as mean and standard deviation.

The results of this study show that single-shade composite showed increased discoloration when compared with multishade composite resin. Also, there is a statistical difference between the single-shade composite and multishade composite when it comes to surface roughness and discoloration. The multishade composite (spectrum), which was used in this study, has bisphenol Aglycidyl methacrylate as its primary monomer compared to the singleshade composite (Omnichroma), which had triethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the primary monomer.

Based on this investigation, it has been suggested that conducting clinical trials on the color alteration of singleshade resin composites would be advantageous. With the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that single-shade composite resins have more discoloration potential in beverages than multi-shade composite resins.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Angela Alex
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Vijay Venkatesh
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v11/4822

Generic Simplicity of the Spectrum of a Schrödinger-type Operator on a Riemannian Manifold| Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 Generic directness of spectrum of the Schrödinger-type controller, H = Δ + V, is investigated in this place study. Here, Δ is the standard Laplace operator on n-spatial unit torus and V is the distress potential. On the n-dimensional torus, we secondhand Rayleigh- Schrödinger perturbation theory to analyse the dividing behaviour of the spectrum on account of infinitesimal distress. We proved the life of a perturbation potential V that guarantees the simplicity of the range of the Schrödinger-type operator Δ+V on the n-torus in the beginning order.

Author(s) Details:

Louis Omenyi,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V4/article/view/9161

Generic Simplicity of the Spectrum of a Schrödinger-type Operator on a Riemannian Manifold| Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 Generic restraint of spectrum of the Schrödinger-type controller, H = Δ + V, is investigated in this place study. Here, Δ is the standard Laplace operator on n-spatial unit torus and V is the distress potential. On the n-dimensional torus, we secondhand Rayleigh- Schrödinger perturbation theory to analyse the dividing behaviour of the spectrum on account of infinitesimal distress. We proved the life of a perturbation potential V that guarantees the simplicity of the range of the Schrödinger-type operator Δ+V on the n-torus initially order.

Author(s) Details:

Louis Omenyi,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V4/article/view/9161

Studies on Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme to Handle Handoff in Wireless Mobile Network | Chapter 1 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

 Because of the rapid growth in demand for mobile communications, a lot of research has gone into figuring out how to make the most use of the limited spectrum available for cellular communications. In this paper, the authors suggest DCAS (Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme), a revolutionary call admission control technique. In this novel strategy, the number of guard channel(s) is automatically adjusted based on the average handoff blocking rate detected over time. The new call blocking rate is kept to a minimum, and the handoff blocking rate is kept below the given limit. The performance of the DCAS is evaluated via node simulation. By imposing a stringent restriction on the possibility of handoff rejection, the DCAS technique outperforms the Static Channel Allocation Scheme. By optimising resource consumption and constantly adjusting to changing traffic conditions, the suggested technique achieves the best outcomes.

Author(s) Details

S. Alagu
Department of Computer Applications, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

T. Meyyappan
Department of Computer Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V11/article/view/1306

4-N-(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethyl petane- 1,4-diamine Ti Complex: Synthesis and Characterization | Chapter 16 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Aims: Chloroquine is a member of the 4-aminoquinoline medication class that is used to prevent and cure malaria in locations where the disease is known to be susceptible to its effects. Metals can form covalent bonds with carbon in most cases, resulting in metal-organic complexes. Our goal is to synthesize the chloroquine–titanium complex and investigate how it coordinates. Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, 2019. Place and Duration of Study:

Methodology: The chloroquine Ti(II) complex was created by reacting chloroquine phosphate with titanium(IV) oxide. UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the metal complex.
The complex's UV spectra revealed intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT), and the d-d transition. The complex's IR spectra revealed the involvement of the amine and imine groups in collaboration with Ti. Chloroquine acted as a bidentate ligand as a result of this. The amine group's role in coordination was further demonstrated by 1H NMR of the spectrum.

Conclusion: Chloroquine's ability to sequester the Ti (II) ion has been demonstrated. This medication can remove Ti ions from a solution, the environment, or a biological system.

Author (s) Details

I. E. Otuokere
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

K. C. Amadi
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

C. O. Alisa
Department of Chemistry, Federal University

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1159