Factors Associated with Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Behaviours and Access to Services among Adolescents in Four Secondary Schools in Mbouda, Cameroon | Chapter 1 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by increased vulnerability to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Cameroon, adolescents continue to face significant challenges related to early sexual initiation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and limited access to youth-friendly SRH services.

 

Objective: To assess the level of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, practices, access to services, and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Mbouda, Cameroon.

 

Methodology: A cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among 1,087 adolescents from four secondary schools in the city of Mbouda using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chi-square test, and multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression models. Data were analysed using R software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

 

Results: Overall, 74.0% of adolescents demonstrated good knowledge of SRH, while only 25.9% had ever accessed SRH services at a health facility. The primary barrier to accessing SRH services was financial constraints (26.2%). Only 20.9% used a contraceptive method. Sexual activity was significantly associated with male sex (aOR = 3.72; p < 0.001), living with extended family members (aOR = 1.99; p < 0.001) or alone (aOR = 4.09; p = 0.006), and parent–adolescent discussions on sexuality (aOR = 1.62; p = 0.003). Contraceptive use was independently associated with male sex (aOR = 2.04; p = 0.015) and a history of abortion (aOR = 4.79; p = 0.040).

 

Conclusion: Despite relatively good knowledge of SRH, important gaps persist in service utilisation among adolescents in Mbouda. Interventions should prioritise youth-friendly, affordable, and accessible SRH services, alongside strengthened family and school-based education, to reduce risky sexual behaviours and improve adolescent health outcomes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Djam Chefor Alain
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Global Health Innovation and Research Initiative (GHIRI), Cameroon.

 

Earnest Njih Tabah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Noumedem Kenfack Jaures Arnaud
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Tejiodonkeng Kengmo Carolle
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Stessye Nouaton Tankou Nylor
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Tenonfo Tesse Franky Maxwell
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Signing Teddy Martial
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Lele Deffo Carole
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Bong Wobenso Jessica Grace
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Guthe Kamdem Brice
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Ngue Vinyle Ines Aude
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Momo Anoumbo Urbain Ulrich
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Njih Beri Nkini
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon

Nouni Noula Armand J.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Douandji Sokeng M
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Nguetse Zambou Lintia Samira
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

I. T. Manfouo Tandah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Dountio Piatat Xena
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Ngneche Kakeu Pascaline Laure
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Mbotuiah Mbolueh Henr
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Korin Neh Nforbi
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

U. Prowo Dongmo Styve
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Germaine Ndah Alombah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Kenhale Zebaze Lunelle

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Ifang Solomon Ndifon
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Gabriel Tchatchouang Mabou
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

Ariane Ange Ghomsi Tadie
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/6967

Background: Traditionally labeled as Sunshine Vitamin, Vitamin D is endogenously produced in the skin when exposed to Ultraviolet B rays. Despite this abundantly available Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency is extremely common among the general population. A few reasons identified for this possible silent epidemic in various parts of the world and also a tropical country like India were religious body covering habits, staying indoors for the majority of daytime, and lack of open spaces and direct access to sunlight in high human density habitations resulting in the high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2021 to July 2022 for a period of 1 year 6 months at various government rural high schools in Kolar, Karnataka, India. All adolescents who were aged 11-18 years belonging to 9th and 10th standard were included in the study after consent and assent. Adolescent boys and girls with any pre-existing mental health illness were excluded from the study. Vitamin D3 levels were assessed by using VITROS Immunodiagnostic products using a 25-OH Total reagent pack. All data was entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 22. To check for association between factors, Chi-square was applied with a level of significance defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Out of 451 students, 272 (60.3%) belonged to the 15-year age group, 235 (52.1%) were studying in 10th standard, 323 (71.6%) belonged to Nuclear Family. 162 (35.9%) had insufficient Vitamin D3 level and 66(14.6%) had deficient levels. Factors like Gender, Class, Type of Family, Timing of outdoor activity and duration of outdoor activity were found to have a statistically significant association with Vitamin D levels among rural adolescents. Conclusion: The present study shows Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was extremely common among rural adolescents in spite of abundant sunshine even in countries like India suggesting the importance of Nutritional supplementation for school children could be an alterative measure to keep the Vitamin D levels abundant for normal growth and development of children. Author(s) Details Pradeep Tarikere Satyanarayana Department of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India. Ravishankar Department of Community Medicine (Statistics), SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India. Susanna T Y Department of Biochemistry, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India. Sudha Reddy Department of Pediatrics, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India. Navya Department of Psychiatry, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India. Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v1/1310

 

Background: Traditionally labeled as Sunshine Vitamin, Vitamin D is endogenously produced in the skin when exposed to Ultraviolet B rays. Despite this abundantly available Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency is extremely common among the general population. A few reasons identified for this possible silent epidemic in various parts of the world and also a tropical country like India were religious body covering habits, staying indoors for the majority of daytime, and lack of open spaces and direct access to sunlight in high human density habitations resulting in the high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among adolescents.

 

Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2021 to July 2022 for a period of 1 year 6 months at various government rural high schools in Kolar, Karnataka, India. All adolescents who were aged 11-18 years belonging to 9th and 10th standard were included in the study after consent and assent. Adolescent boys and girls with any pre-existing mental health illness were excluded from the study. Vitamin D3 levels were assessed by using VITROS Immunodiagnostic products using a 25-OH Total reagent pack. All data was entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 22. To check for association between factors, Chi-square was applied with a level of significance defined as a p-value less than 0.05.

 

Results: Out of 451 students, 272 (60.3%) belonged to the 15-year age group, 235 (52.1%) were studying in 10th standard, 323 (71.6%) belonged to Nuclear Family. 162 (35.9%) had insufficient Vitamin D3 level and 66(14.6%) had deficient levels. Factors like Gender, Class, Type of Family, Timing of outdoor activity and duration of outdoor activity were found to have a statistically significant association with Vitamin D levels among rural adolescents.

 

Conclusion: The present study shows Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was extremely common among rural adolescents in spite of abundant sunshine even in countries like India suggesting the importance of Nutritional supplementation for school children could be an alterative measure to keep the Vitamin D levels abundant for normal growth and development of children.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Pradeep Tarikere Satyanarayana
Department of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

Ravishankar
Department of Community Medicine (Statistics), SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

Susanna T Y
Department of Biochemistry, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

Sudha Reddy
Department of Pediatrics, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

Navya
Department of Psychiatry, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v1/1310

‘ASPIRE’ Strategies for Strengthening Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Role Modelling | Book Publisher International

This book presents strategies for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health role modelling developed using the Adapting Strategies for Promoting Implementation Research and Equity (ASPIRE) process, which focuses on  adapting equity-explicit implementation strategies. To improve conceptual clarity and application, this book acknowledges the distinction between mentors, peers, and role models. However, in this context, peers and mentors are regarded as individuals involved in role modelling. Peers are similar in age or status and engage with one another and exchange experiences to influence one another. Mentors offer deliberate, ongoing advice and assistance, usually in a more mutually beneficial and structured relationship. Moreover, role models are frequently admired and whose actions, principles, or accomplishments provide examples for others to follow; these include peers and mentors. Adaptation of strategy and guidelines is an effective process in research that can be used to adjust existing methods, programmes, practices, strategies, or procedures to make them more suitable for use with a certain target demographic or within a specific context. This method was used to develop novel strategies for adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health role modelling because of the paucity of literature and research regarding role modelling in sexual and reproductive health. The adaptation of strategies was aided by the findings from a scoping review and the findings from an empirical study about adolescents' sexual and reproductive health role modelling. The Three-step ASPIRE process for Adapting Equity-Explicit Implementation Strategies guided the adaptation process. The ASPIRE process aims at adapting strategies to explicitly consider their impact on disparities, gaps, and outcomes. This book recommends strategies that role models such as parents, teachers, health professionals, peers, media personalities and community members should be integrated into the promotion of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health. Health professionals should engage parents and caregivers as sexual and reproductive health role models for adolescents. Encourage parents to have honest, nonjudgmental discussions with their children about relationships, sexual health, and reproductive rights. In addition to reducing misinformation among adolescents, this can promote trust. Encourage the use of peer role modelling through peer education programmes, social media campaigns and youth-driven projects. Using the ASPIRE process to create context-specific strategies, this book provides a thorough method for improving the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents through role modelling. These strategies give parents, peers, teachers, health professionals, and community members a useful framework for working together to create a fair, informed, and healthy environment for adolescents. Ultimately, this approach promotes inclusive and sustainable health outcomes by bridging the gap in the literature and practice about role modelling in adolescent sexual and reproductive health.

 

Contribution: This book will introduce role modelling as an effective strategy to address adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health challenges. It initiates the development of policies and programmes that use role modelling as a tool to promote sexual and reproductive health among adolescents.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Tshiamo Nerville Ramalepa
Nursing Department, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-27-4

Essentials Counselling Skills for Community Health Workers: Supporting Pregnant Adolescents | Chapter 6 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 10

Background: Counselling is crucial to provide support to pregnant adolescents during these challenging times. Adolescent pregnancy has significant global implications. It endangers the lives of the mother and the unborn child, contributing to maternal and child morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, it threatens the achievement of sustainable development goals of ending poverty (Goal 1), zero hunger (Goal 2), providing good health care (Goal 3), quality education (Goal 4), empowerment of women and girls (Goal 5), providing decent jobs and promoting economic growth (Goal 8). Community health workers (CHWs) play a role in empowering adolescents through counselling skills, thus promoting informed decision- making for better outcomes.

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the counselling skills of CHWs in their efforts to support pregnant adolescents (PA) in Limpopo province.

Setting: The research was carried out with CHWs in the Mopani and Vhembe districts of the Limpopo province in South Africa.

Methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was used to evaluate CHWs’ counselling skills for PAs in Limpopo. The study included CHWs who were actively involved in addressing AP issues within the community. A sample of 81 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Ethical approval was obtained. Data were collected from July to October 2022 using a questionnaire guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 24. The questionnaire’s validity was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, resulting in a correlation coefficient of 0.710.

Results: Most of the participants were from the Mopani district (63%), while the remaining (32%) were from the Vhembe district. Females constituted many participants (87.7%), while males accounted for only 9% with 1.2% not responding. The study identified significant variations in counselling recommendations. Preparation: Using private space with fewer distractions showed considerable variability (standard deviation = 0.218). Introduction: High variability was observed in using the SOLER method (standard deviation = 0.316). Working phase: Suggesting rather than advising had notable variability (standard deviation = 0.396). Termination: Avoiding abrupt endings and informing clients about the session’s conclusion demonstrated variability (standard deviation = 0.283). Additionally, the majority (64%) of the participants found record-keeping unnecessary, which demonstrated the highest variability (standard deviation = 0.482).

Conclusion: Counselling plays a crucial role in positively impacting the lives of PAs and their unborn children. The study revealed CHWs’ proficiency in counselling techniques and emphasised the importance of following the counselling stages.

 

Author (s) Details

Rakgadi G. Malapela
Department of Health Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

 

Sheillah H. Mboweni
Department of Health Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

 

Patrone R. Risenga
Department of Health Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v10/2540

A Review on the Concerns and Awareness Related to Menstrual Cycle in Women | Chapter 13 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

The shedding of the uterus lining due to no fertilization of the ovum leading to bleeding is known as menstruation.  As a woman plays a vital role in reproduction and other natural, social processes, it is necessary for her to take good care of herself and her body. This article delves into the intricate interplay between the menstrual cycle and various dimensions of female health. Investigating the mental, emotional, and social aspects of self-worth, the present review seeks to uncover the multifaceted nature of this biological phenomenon. Through an amalgamation of extensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study explores how hormonal fluctuations during menstruation contribute to physiological changes, potentially affecting energy levels, exercise routines, and dietary habits. It explores mental health concerns by investigating the potential links between hormonal fluctuations and cognitive processes. Emotional well-being is scrutinized, considering the influence on mood, stress levels, and overall emotional stability. Social dynamics are examined to understand how menses impact interpersonal relations, communication patterns, and societal attitudes and perceptions. Psychological dimensions are explored, seeking insights into the broader implications of menstruation on a female's sense of self and identity. Additionally, it scrutinizes implications on daily activities such as work, education, and leisure pursuits. The physical implications of menstruation have been analysed, incorporating nutritional measures to assess the impact of energy levels, dietary habits, and overall physical health. Moreover, by integrating nutritive measures, its purpose is to offer practical insights that may inform holistic approaches to female health, fostering awareness and support systems tailored to the diverse needs of women as they navigate the challenges and opportunities associated with menstruation. It has been found that both mental state and well-being and menstrual variations are interrelated. The changes in hormones during periods can affect how a female thinks and feels mentally or physically. Additionally, Menstrual difficulties can significantly impact their curricular and co-curricular achievements, parameters related to attendance and societal lifestyle. Again, menstruation can impact the body’s nutrient needs. The blood loss during menstruation leads to decreased iron levels, resulting in iron deficiency and anaemia if not properly addressed through dietary intake or supplementation.  In conclusion, consuming a well-balanced diet with adequate nutrients can help alleviate PMS symptoms. An anti-inflammatory diet can help manage endometriosis pain and inflammation. Including foods rich in antioxidants such as berries, leafy greens, and turmeric, along with omega-3 fatty acids from fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds, can be beneficial. Avoiding processed meats, excessive red meat, and high-fat dairy products is recommended.

 

Author (s) Details

Kumar R
Department of Psychology, GCW Hisar, India.

 

Kumar S
Department of Psychology, GC-11 Chandigarh, India.

 

Akanksha
Department of Psychology, GC Hisar, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v13/5221

Relationship between Depression, Loneliness and Self-Efficacy among Adolescents with Working and Non-Working Mothers in Bangladeshi Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study | Chapter 3 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 6

 Depression is a psychiatric condition that can be described as a constant state of sadness, fear, feelings of self-loathing and guilt and loss of interest and pleasure in joyful activities. Self–efficacy can also be defined as a person's overall belief in his or her capacity to learn or perform in specific levels of actions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers whether mother’s occupation has any effects on adolescent’s depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Assess whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender or not. This detailed cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 children of age group 15–18 years, who were selected conveniently from a high school in the urban area of Bangladesh. The participants of the relevant study are 100 adolescents of working mothers where 50 are male and 50 are female and 100 adolescents of non-working mothers where 50 are male and 50 are female between the age group of 15 to 18 years selected purposively by convenience sampling technique. To collect the data researcher used the Bangla Version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell and Dan. The Depression Scale was suggested by Rahman and Uddin, and adopted the Bengali Version by Ilyas et al. of Sherer’s General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive and correlation statistical techniques are employed to depict the quantitative data. The results indicated a significant relationship between the working status of the mothers and rates of depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Children of mothers who work are found to be depressed and lonelier and evince lower self-efficacy than those whose mothers are not in employment. The study lastly puts forward a conclusion that There are many complexities in the link between maternal employment and adolescent unwinding. The reason for this complexity is that, there are other variables which come into play which tend modifies the relationship which maternal working entails with adolescent growth. The study suggested that gradual elimination of the discrimination and negative attitudes towards women in the workforce may be less harmful to the adolescents.

 

Author (s) Details

Sadia Afrin
IPNA, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.

 

Tanmi Akhter
IPNA, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.

 

Mir Ayesha Akter
IPNA, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.

 

Shoma Rani Nandi
IPNA, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.

 

Mst. Sharifa Khatun
IPNA, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v6/2391

The Study of Executive Functions and Virtual Preferences of Russian School Students: Regional Aspect | Chapter 1 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 6

The study shows an interconnection between cognitive executive functions and leisure activity among high school students studying in Russia in a megapolis and a provincial town. Students filled a questionnaire about their preferred leisure activity and took a computer test that evaluated their cognitive functions. Processed data indicate more high speed and homogeneity of test results at megapolis and that students from both locations prefer spending most of their leisure time in social networks.

 

Author (s) Details

Valentina Kamenskaya
Bunin Yelets State University, Russia.

 

Svetlana Kotova.
Herzen State Pedagogical University, Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v6/2739

Non-pharmacological Therapies for Tic Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Methods, Advantages, and Limitations | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 6

Background: Non-pharmacological therapies are an important method for the treatment of tic disorders in children and adolescents, characterized by significant efficacy, wide applicability, and few side effects. To some extent, they complement the deficiencies of pharmacotherapy, yet they have not received sufficient attention and application.

Objective: The objective of the study is to understand the main methods, advantages, and disadvantages of non-pharmacological therapies for tic disorders in children and adolescents.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords [“children” or “adolescents” or “youths”] and [“tic disorders” or “Tourette syndrome”] in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and CNKI over the past 25 years.

Results: A total of 58 papers were included. Previous literature shows that non-pharmacological therapies can effectively reduce tic symptoms in children and adolescents, alleviate their negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, improve their school attendance and self-esteem, promote their social development, and improve their quality of life. However, most non-pharmacological therapies lack rigorous operational guidelines and exploration of long-term efficacy. 

Conclusion: Non-pharmacological therapies provide new ideas for the treatment of tic disorders in children and adolescents. Establishing unified operational guidelines, clarifying long-term efficacy, and strengthening the combined application of non-pharmacological and pharmacologic therapies are important directions for future research.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v6/4283

Leading Causes of Obesity During Childhood and Adolescence | Chapter 1 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The Center for Disease Control considers people between the ages of 2 and 18 to be diagnosed as overweight to be greater than 85 percentiles and obesity to be 95 percentiles or higher. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in body fat, characterized by an increase in adipose tissue, a child is considered obese when his or her weight is greater than 20% of the ideal.

The complications that children suffering from obesity have in the short term are increased blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, alterations in lipid metabolism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, respiratory, metabolic, orthopedic, dermatological problems, metabolic syndrome, cholecystitis, fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, among others. The most important approach to the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as creating awareness of short, medium and long-term lifestyle changes.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Edith Fernanda Villanueva-Mendez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Michelle Arias-Morales
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Luis Ignacio Perez-Velazquez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Gilberto Flores-Vargas
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Maria de Jesus Gallardo-Luna
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Efrain Navarro-Olivos
Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Ligia Gricelda Arce-Padilla
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.

 

Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v8/509

The Proportion of Adolescent and Childhood Ovarian Tumors: A Study in Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 The aim of the study was to shed light on the mathematical differences of ovarian cancers in adolescents and adolescents and to generate exact therapy guidelines. At the level of the organs system, ovarian abnormal growth in animate being is the most frequent cause of morbidity and humanness. In the specialized literature, the place of an inflammatory process is permitted from the early stages of the evolution concerning this pathology.It was a descriptive long-term study on 50 cases of adolescent girls and youth undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from February 2018 to July 2019. After proper disease, surgery was performed fully cases and depending upon histopathology and study of animal, adjuvant chemotherapy was likely in selected cases. Patients were followed up weekly till 6 months after discharge. The most average symptom was found expected abdominal pain (42%), most common sign intestinal mass (38%). Out of 50 cases, 12% were raise to be malignant, all of beginning cell origin. Epithelial tumors were erect to be ultimate common ovarian tumors (52%) up to 20 age of age, out of that benign tumors had 48% epithelial inception. However, up to 10 years adult, germ cell tumors were establish to be ultimate common (75%). Only 1 malignant case passed away, belonging to mixed beginning cell sort of advanced stage. Ovarian neoplasm is very troublesome to treat, especially in children and teenagers because fertility protection is required. The cornerstones of treatment contain early detection, ideal therapy, severe follow-up, and emotional support for patients and family.

Author(s) Details:

Bijoya Mukherjee,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Anindya Kumar Das,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12307

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Betel Quid Chewing among Adolescent Population: Nattalin Township, Bago Region, Myanmar: A C-sectional Study | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The aim concerning this study was to find out the predominance and to identify the determinants associated with betel quid chomping practice among the adolescent population. Betel ruminant food (BQ) chewing are old practices followed by an extensive distribution of the world’s population. These practices are native in larger parts of South and Southeast Asia and selected Western Pacific nations. The prevalence of these habits changes across regions, ages, common, cultural practice, and socioeconomic status groups.A cross-localized quantitative (primary) study was attended on 160 adolescents (10-19 age) in Nattalin Township in Myanmar using an interview-structured inquiry from February 2020 to May 2020. Using SPSS statistical software, plain descriptive enumerations (frequency and percentage, mean, middle and standard deviation) was done to characterize the participating juveniles' socio-demographic characteristics, information, attitudes and practices. A Chi-square test was acted to determine which determinants are statistically associated with betel chewing tendencies among the study teenagers by considering the P-value (0.05) and importance at <0.05.The prevalence of betel quid biting adolescents was 28.2% of the total sample (n=160). The betel ruminant food chewer group contained more males than women. The earliest age of starting betel ruminant food chewing was 6 age old. Socio-demographic traits included age (equal or more than 15 age) (p<0.001), male (p<0.001), rural condo (p=0.009), a working group (p<0.001), pocket money of in addition to 10000 kyats (p<0.001), having betel ruminant food used family appendages (p=0.017) and betel quid used close companions (p<0.001) and the negative attitude (p=0.006) toward betel ruminant food chewing were the factors considerably associated with betel quid gnawing practice in this study. The added individual and social factors contained education, marital rank, parent's instruction, parent's occupation, bearing BQ chewing father and mother and the tangible factor that was a discussion about BQ chewing and well-being hazards within 6 months were not meaningful.The commonest reason for BQ chewing likely by the adolescents in this place study was peer pressure and the second common reason was interest. There is no association between the information and attitude levels of the adolescents. The need for powerful behavioural change health publicity programmes that emphasise the risks of betel quid chewing dresses for adolescents, as well as more effective anti-betel ruminant food chewing interventions, must perform nationally.

Author(s) Details:

Kyawt Kyawt Saing,
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, England, UK.

Kay Thi Lwin,
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine (1), Yangon, Myanmar.

Thein Hlaing,
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, England, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V9/article/view/10968

How Common is Gender Stereotyping among Rural Adolescents? : A Study from Western Maharashtra | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 The present stage assessed stances toward women, gender standarding, and gender biases between rural juveniles. Gender stereotyping plays a vital part in vocational selections. Stereotyping is "An oversimplified perception or birth, especially of men or social groups”.We attended a cross-sectional study on 826 rural teenagers from Sept. 2016 to Aug. 2017. Statistical Analysis used explanatory statistics, the u.s. city-square, and the Mann-Whitney U tests.The mean age of 826 participants was 13.99 years, accompanying 297 (36%) males. There was a meaningful correlation betwixt all the scales and gender (p<0.05), with better stances among women. The participants were more inclined have a positive view toward women (83.9%) and have a definite view toward crime against daughters (79.1%). However, the majority of them had manlike bias (58.6%) and gender standarding (54.6%).  Even though adolescents had a more certain view of women generally, masculine bias is still a serious issue.

Author(s) Details:

Vivek Baliram Waghachavare,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College & Hospital, Sangli, India.

Girish Bhimrao Dhumale,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College & Hospital, Sangli, India.

Jitesh Hanmantrao Kadam,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College & Hospital, Sangli, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V10/article/view/10673

Determining the Association of Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Overweight and Obese Adolescents | Chapter 12 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Vitamin D inadequacy has been connected to obesity and overweight in minors. Despite high source of nourishment D deficiency, few studies in other nations have found lower parathyroid birth control method (PTH) levels in obese adolescents. The study's aim is to judge vitamin D and PTH levels, as well as their friendship, in overweight and corpulent adolescents in Telangana. This cross-sectional study contained 108 overweight and corpulent boys and girls old 12 to 18. A pretested Questionnaire was used to collect mathematical, sun uncovering, medical, and nutritional record information. Anthropometry and ancestry samples were collected in order to reckon 25 hydroxy vitamin D and PTH. Body bulk index Z scores (WHO growth standards) were used to evaluate adolescent overweight and corpulence. Boys made up 54.6% of the subjects. Mean (SD) levels of source of nourishment D and PTH were 18.25 (9.26) ng/mL and 45.39 (28.23) ng/L respectively. The predominance of vitamin D deficiency and lack in the current study was 54.6% and 25.9% respectively. However, PTH levels were extreme only in 24.2% of subjects ([65 ng/L). Vitamin D and PTH had an inverse but non-meaningful relationship. After ruling for age, gender, and pressure, the association remained the unchanging. Our findings climax the high prevalence of source of nourishment D deficiency between Telangana's overweight and obese teenagers. Despite having a extreme vitamin D deficiency, very few of the teenagers had high PTH levels, suggesting that the source of nourishment D-PTH axis may be changed in overweight and corpulent adolescents.

Author(s) Details:

Aparna Varma Bhongir,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India.

S. M. Vijaitha,
Government Medical College, Sircilla, India.

Sravanthi Kuruguntla,
Government Medical College, Sircilla, India.

Padma Yalamati,
Government Medical College, Jagtial, Telangana, India.

Sapna Vyakaranam,
Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V6/article/view/10028

Determining the Parental Relationship with Academic Performance of Adolescents in Selected Educational Institutions of Mangaluru, India| Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

 Parental engrossment is a complex set of behaviours, stances, and activities that happen two together at school and, more basically, at home. Parental engrossment allows persons to take part in their adolescent teenager's instruction alongside educators, combining their information of youth education and knowledge with the lecturer's information. The goals of the study search out assess the friendship of teenagers accompanying persons and academic performance of youngsters, in addition to equate middle from two points the parental friendship and academic accomplishment of minors, likewise to find an association middle from two points maternal connection and academic depiction of adolescents accompanying the picked socio-mathematical variables.The determinable research approach was used to determine the person baby friendship and academic act of 100 adolescents. A self-organized inquiry to determine paternal relationships and a self-organized grade scale to evaluate youths' academic performance. According to the study judgments, 95% of pupils have an wonderful person-child connection and 5% have a good person-infant connection. The majority of pupils (82%) have superior academic accomplishment, while 18% have good academic act. There is a link between fatherly connections and adolescent academic efficiency. The person-child connection is considerably had connection with age, neuter, number of siblings, and beginning order. Data still show that skilled is no meaningful relationship betwixt grade, myth, headquarters, kin type, and monthly earnings. The study found a important friendship between academic acting and age, feminine, and offspring type.

Author(s) Details:

M. Akshya,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

A. Amritha,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

J. Aneeta,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

A. Anju,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

B. Anju,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

L. Anju,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

J. Anu,
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

N. D. Sharin,
Department of Child Health Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V3/article/view/8812

Indicators of Hookworm and Opisthorchis viverrini Infection: A Study among Adolescents in Urban Laos| Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Present study proposed to recognize the determinants, containing elementary school fitness programs, had connection with infec- tion accompanying hookworm and O. viverrini between high school pupils in a big city of Laos. Children and youths in Laos are at extreme risk for hookworm and Opisthorchis viverrini contaminations. The study transported a cross-divided survey in September 2013. First, schoolteachers and graduates were cognizant about the study goals and processes. A total of 197 graduates consented to freely engage and marked consent forms. Students in first grade were not contained cause they were when confirmation all along the study ending.The contamination rates of O. viverrini and hookworm were 39.0% and 36.0%, respec- tively. Older pupils (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.01–2.37, p=0.046) and those whose father had uneven revenue (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.13–0.93, p=0.036) had a taller risk for hookworm contamination. Students whose mom had uneven pay (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.13–0.69, p=0.005) had a taller risk for O. viverrini contamination. Higher elementary school fitness program scores were guide a lower risk for hookworm contamination in the univariate model but not in the multivariate model.Hookworm contamination is connected to age and whole of the father. Older scholars are at a greater risk of contamination, while graduates whose father everything and earns a consistent gains are at a lower risk. Current elementary school well-being programs concede possibility need to underrate O. viverrini contaminations, and added measures, to a degree bright daughters to inquire takeovers that offer a compatible occupation for their offspring, grant permission should.

Author(s) Details:

Itsuko Yoshida,
Department of Nursing Science, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Osamu Horie,
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Nara, Japan.

Kongsap Akkhavong,
Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V7/article/view/8649

Perceptions and Barriers to Contraceptive Use among Adolescents: A Case Study from Nairobi, Kenya| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 The present study proposed to identify the barriers moving the use of contraception with adolescents in school and out of school, wedded and unmarried adolescents. Adolescence is a singular period of transition middle from two points childhood and maturity, an important time to shape management and norms, including the incident of positive practices for future good health and happiness To understand the duties of perceptions and barriers on contracep- tive use, a assorted method study design was applied to a abstract framework that operationa- lized these concepts utilizing data from various sources of social interplays in Nairobi, Kenya. Quantitative data were collected from 1119 minors aged 15 - 19 years. Qualitative dossier were collected from youths, adolescents’ parents and their school educators. The latter were analyzed and elucidated together with the results from cross-tabulations and logistic regression so that understand the parts of perceptions and barriers. Contraceptive use was raise to be 8.6 percent between the adolescents. Overall, poor hormone use appeared expected influenced by unfavorable belief held by parents, schoolteachers, and teenagers. In contrast to hurdles like communication between intercourse partners, stances toward adolescents using contraceptives, and the volume to access contraceptives, negative impressions acted a larger role. Qualitative results manifest that teachers and persons lack the knowledge and expertise inevitable to tackle sexuality-related arguments. Linking data among juveniles, parents and schoolteachers help to understand the roles of ideas and barriers to contraceptive use in Kenya. The verdicts suggest ability building of teachers and persons on accurate sexuality facts for adolescents while services bear be youth-companionable.

Author(s) Details:

Joyce Kinaro,
Knowsolve Consulting Limited, Nairobi, Kenya.

Murungaru Kimani,
Population Studies Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Lawrence Ikamari,
Population Studies Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Elias H. O. Ayiemba,
Department of Geography and Environment Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V6/article/view/8599

Adverse Changes in the Oral Condition of Adolescents and Long-term Computer Use| Chapter 16 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 The present study proposed to investigate the hormonal metabolism and the physicochemical possessions of oral fluid. According to modern theories, the electromagnetic field of the calculating, the effects of that have not been exhaustively researched, mediates a big increase in dental disorders in adolescents who give a lot of occasion at the computer. The paper presents data from a approximate study of the dental status of the spoken cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in youths aged 18 to 15 the one spend more than 5 (mark group of 55 adolescents) and inferior 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The acted comparison hearing revealed that periodontal alterations occur much often and are more prominent in adolescents the one spend 8 to 12 hours at the calculating than in adolescents who work inferior 5 hours. Additionally, while adults the one work longer than 8 hours see a change in dribble data in their backtalk, adolescents who give less than 5 hours at the calculating virtually experience current situation in the neurohormonal characteristics of their spittle. It can be concluded that the effect of enduring work with a PC on the hard tissues of dentition and other organs of the spoken cavity is now a little-studied extent of dentistry.

 Author(s) Details:          

Tamuna Bakradze,
David Agmashenebeli University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Marina Nikolaishvili,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Mamuka Gogiberidze,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Salome Omiadze ,
European university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Sesili beriashvili,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and European university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Tamar ordenidze,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Mariam nikuradze           ,
Ivane javakhishvili university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Ana Galogre,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Maya Pkhaladze,
UG Reavita Dent, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Nino Khimshiashvili,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Natela Sakvarelidze,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8514

Determination of Obesity and Overweight among Urban Adolescents in India| Chapter 14 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 11

 The current study's objectives were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban teenagers and to investigate the various risk factors for these conditions. Obesity is characterised as the abnormal growth of adipose tissue caused by an increase in the number, size, or both of fat cells. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable age group in terms of nutrition due to their growing nutritional needs, dietary habits, lifestyle, and susceptibility to outside stressors.

In Pune, Maharashtra, India, 872 adolescents of both sexes participated in a community-based cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and various factors influencing overweight and obesity, particularly the type of diet, frequency of junk food consumption, physical activity, and sleeping patterns. According to WHO growth guidelines, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) were employed to classify overweight and obesity. Urban teenagers had a prevalence of obesity and overweight according to BMI of 17.4% and 6.9%, respectively. The total prevalence was 24.3%, whereas the prevalence according to Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was 43.1%. Fast food and junk food consumption, carbonated beverages, and physical inactivity were risk factors in metropolitan areas, while afternoon naps were not a major risk factor. This study shows a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents, especially in those who consume more fast food and fizzy drinks and exercise less than 30 minutes per day. Large-scale, nationwide initiatives directed at more specialised groups are necessary to stop the epidemic of kid obesity that is spreading throughout developing nations.

Author(s) Details:

Ansh Chaudhary,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Aarati Pokale,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

A. P. S. Narula,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Bhupendra Chaudhary,
Department of Clinical Medicine, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ankita Misra,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Ayush Jain,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V11/article/view/8038