A Narrative Review on Various Methods to Assess Forward Head Posture | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 3

 

Background: With the rising demands of computers in the fast-growing Information Technology Industry, the number of hours spent working on computers has also been drastically increased. Individuals spend more time on the computer in a day in recent times, which results in poor posture, causing neck pain. This in turn have lead to increase in the number of work-related musculoskeletal problems related to neck and upper limbs as sitting with the forward head posture in front of computers lead to changes in cervical spine curvature, which if continued for longer duration can lead to Cervical spine degeneration which can thereby lead to forward head posture, during which the head remains forward to the body’s line of gravity. It may lead to degenerative changes in the joints of the cervical spine and may cause forward head posture. Forward-headed posture is common in all age groups, more prominently found in 25-50 years of age, and can be measured by assessing the Craniovertebral angle (CVA).

 

Aim: The purpose of this article is to focus on different methods used to measure the CVA, thereby measuring the forward head posture.

 

Methodology: The PUBMED and the other search engines/databases (Cochrane database / EMBASE / PEDro / CINAHL) were searched. The keywords used were – Craniovertebral angle, forward head posture, Computer workers, Neck pain, neck posture. Studies including CVA & forward head posture assessment were included. Studies done before 2003 were excluded.

 

Results: A Total of 22 relevant studies were found. After removing the duplicates, articles with abstract only and articles published in a language other than English, 12 relevant studies meeting the Inclusion criteria were reviewed in detail as they measured CVA for assessment of Forward head posture & neck posture.A study concluded that the photographic method used in the study showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal postures of the thoracic and cervical spine (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.87). A study concluded that the intra-rater reliability (ICC) of the Modified Head Posture Spinal Curvature Instrument (MHPSCI) is 0.87 (CI range from 0.82–0.91) and the inter-rater reliability between the two raters is 0.76 (CI range from 0.65–0.84) which is graded as “good” in the reliability criteria.

 

Conclusion: With this review it is found that the FHP assessment for CVA is valid and reliable outcome measure. There are different methodologies that are used to assess the CVA which are reliable and valid.

 

Author(s) Details

Noel Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.

 

Tanvi Ashvinbhai Radadiya
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5963

Computer Integration within Problem Solving Process | Chapter 6 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

The complexity of current software tools increases with the complexity of problem solving tasks they are designed to assist and are mainly dedicated to computer educated people. On the other hand current computer technology is deeply involved in people's everyday life. This gap deepens and stresses software technology and computer education. By computational emancipation the natural language becomes a family of non-ambiguous languages. This means that every problem solver uses a non-ambiguous natural language, termed here as Domain Algorithmic Language, DAL. Here we show how to develop software tools dedicated to the problem domain and illustrate the methodology we propose with the software tools required by teaching high school algebra.

Author(s) Details:

Teodor Rus,
Department of Computer Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V8/article/view/13075

Why Vedic Multiplication Algorithm Works? | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

 The speed of spoken multiplication utilizing the Vedic formula is amazing. This paper gives a footing for it. Vedic formula adequately uses traditional multiplication only but it is effective to produce quick results. In common product verdict, the result is found only after calculate all multiplications. On the contrast, Vedic algorithm does the reverse construction. It finds what partial multiplications are filling at wholes, tens, hundreds, etc. The importance a column is filled, summary of all partial device is immediately finished and proceeds to the next column. This habit oral commodity finding becomes extremely well speedy. In spite of this, it begun losing significance due advent of computers, supercomputers, and further, very cheap calculators. But at any moment computer hardware designers were allured to cash the advantageous Vedic treasure to make the calculating speedy at less power use and less area.

Author(s) Details:

Manohar Mathur,
Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation, Bangalore, India.

Aarnav,
KIIT, Bhuvaneshwar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V8/article/view/10192

Adverse Changes in the Oral Condition of Adolescents and Long-term Computer Use| Chapter 16 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 The present study proposed to investigate the hormonal metabolism and the physicochemical possessions of oral fluid. According to modern theories, the electromagnetic field of the calculating, the effects of that have not been exhaustively researched, mediates a big increase in dental disorders in adolescents who give a lot of occasion at the computer. The paper presents data from a approximate study of the dental status of the spoken cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in youths aged 18 to 15 the one spend more than 5 (mark group of 55 adolescents) and inferior 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The acted comparison hearing revealed that periodontal alterations occur much often and are more prominent in adolescents the one spend 8 to 12 hours at the calculating than in adolescents who work inferior 5 hours. Additionally, while adults the one work longer than 8 hours see a change in dribble data in their backtalk, adolescents who give less than 5 hours at the calculating virtually experience current situation in the neurohormonal characteristics of their spittle. It can be concluded that the effect of enduring work with a PC on the hard tissues of dentition and other organs of the spoken cavity is now a little-studied extent of dentistry.

 Author(s) Details:          

Tamuna Bakradze,
David Agmashenebeli University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Marina Nikolaishvili,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Mamuka Gogiberidze,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Salome Omiadze ,
European university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Sesili beriashvili,
Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and European university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Tamar ordenidze,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Mariam nikuradze           ,
Ivane javakhishvili university, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Ana Galogre,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Maya Pkhaladze,
UG Reavita Dent, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Nino Khimshiashvili,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Natela Sakvarelidze,
Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8514