Background: With the rising demands of computers in the
fast-growing Information Technology Industry, the number of hours spent working
on computers has also been drastically increased. Individuals spend more time
on the computer in a day in recent times, which results in poor posture,
causing neck pain. This in turn have lead to increase in the number of
work-related musculoskeletal problems related to neck and upper limbs as
sitting with the forward head posture in front of computers lead to changes in cervical
spine curvature, which if continued for longer duration can lead to Cervical
spine degeneration which can thereby lead to forward head posture, during which
the head remains forward to the body’s line of gravity. It may lead to
degenerative changes in the joints of the cervical spine and may cause forward
head posture. Forward-headed posture is common in all age groups, more
prominently found in 25-50 years of age, and can be measured by assessing the
Craniovertebral angle (CVA).
Aim: The purpose of this article is to focus on different methods
used to measure the CVA, thereby measuring the forward head posture.
Methodology: The PUBMED and the other search engines/databases
(Cochrane database / EMBASE / PEDro / CINAHL) were searched. The keywords used
were – Craniovertebral angle, forward head posture, Computer workers, Neck
pain, neck posture. Studies including CVA & forward head posture assessment
were included. Studies done before 2003 were excluded.
Results: A Total of 22 relevant studies were found. After removing
the duplicates, articles with abstract only and articles published in a
language other than English, 12 relevant studies meeting the Inclusion criteria
were reviewed in detail as they measured CVA for assessment of Forward head
posture & neck posture.A study concluded that the photographic method used
in the study showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring
the sagittal postures of the thoracic and cervical spine (ICCs ranged from 0.80
to 0.87). A study concluded that the intra-rater reliability (ICC) of the
Modified Head Posture Spinal Curvature Instrument (MHPSCI) is 0.87 (CI range
from 0.82–0.91) and the inter-rater reliability between the two raters is 0.76
(CI range from 0.65–0.84) which is graded as “good” in the reliability
criteria.
Conclusion: With this review it is found that the FHP assessment
for CVA is valid and reliable outcome measure. There are different
methodologies that are used to assess the CVA which are reliable and valid.
Author(s)
Details
Noel
Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia,
Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
Tanvi
Ashvinbhai Radadiya
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia,
Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5963
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