Neck Flexor and Extensor Muscle Endurance Measurement in Individuals Using Electronic Devices: A Study Protocol | Chapter 11| Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 1

 

Background: Electronic devices are becoming more and more essential to daily life at work and home. An extended time of neck flexion brought on by using electronic devices more frequently—10 hours a week on average—increases the risk of developing musculoskeletal pain. Repetitive motion and poor posture are common causes of neck strain among laptop users. The motor output of the cervical muscles is impaired in those who have neck pain. Bad postures cause the neck to experience abnormal physiological strain, which weakens the neck's muscles. There is currently insufficient evidence to establish a connection between neck pain, posture, and neck muscular endurance. The study aims to assess neck muscular endurance in healthy persons who use electronic devices in a typical manner.

 

Methodology: In this observational study, normal healthy students from Constituents College of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth will be approached and explained about the study. A toss-of-coin method will be used to select either the student having an odd enrollment number or an even enrollment number from a class to avoid any form of bias. The participants will be screened as per the routine musculoskeletal assessment format. All the participants will be assessed for their neck muscle endurance.

 

Outcome Measures: Neck flexor muscle endurance, Neck extensor muscle endurance.

 

Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test will be done to compare the two groups with neck pain and with no neck pain individuals to know the effect of neck muscle endurance on neck pain. One-way ANOVA will be used to compare more than 3 groups.

 

Conclusion: This observation study will be useful in checking the association of neck muscle endurance on neck pain in individuals using electronic devices.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Noel Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.

Dixita Tande
PG Alumni, College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v1/1255

The Association between Craniovertebral Angle and Hand Grip Strength in Individuals Working on Computers: An Observational Study Protocol | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 9

 

Background: The software business is expanding at a rapid pace. Computers are vital in every industry. To use a computer, you must spend most of your day sitting in front of a computer screen. Prolonged computer use combined with an inadequate work-rest cycle, particularly when using input devices, causes postural stress due to poor workstation ergonomics, which is directly linked to musculoskeletal issues and can cause neck pain and changes in the craniovertebral angle, resulting in forward head posture (FHP). It is measured with a modified universal goniometer. Neck pain was found to be common among office workers over the previous 12 months. Extended mouse use, long typing sessions, and uncomfortable hand placement may all have an impact on grip strength in computer workers. Dentists, surgeons, hairdressers, and basket weavers also have a forward head posture. This study is needed to investigate the association between craniovertebral angle, handgrip strength, and neck pain in people who use computers.

 

Outcome Measures: Craniovertebral angle measured with a modified universal goniometer, neck pain using the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire, and hand grip strength measured using a digital handheld dynamometer.

 

Statistical Analysis: The data will be collected and descriptive statistics like mean, and standard deviation after ensuring the normal distribution will be analysed using SPSS version 21 software. Shapiro-Wilk Test will be used to check the normal distribution of data. If the data follows a normal distribution then the Pearson correlation coefficient will be used and if data does not follow a normal distribution then the Spearman Correlation will be used to find a correlation among normal and abnormal craniovertebral angle, neck pain, right and left hand grip strength.

 

Conclusion: This observational study will be helpful for understanding and building up essential information for the association between forward head posture, neck pain, and grip strength.

 

Clinical Trial Registration: The study is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI), with the registration number for the trial being CTRI/2022/07/044312.

 

Author(s) Details

Noel Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India.

 

Tanvi Radadiya
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v9/1252

A Narrative Review on Various Methods to Assess Forward Head Posture | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 3

 

Background: With the rising demands of computers in the fast-growing Information Technology Industry, the number of hours spent working on computers has also been drastically increased. Individuals spend more time on the computer in a day in recent times, which results in poor posture, causing neck pain. This in turn have lead to increase in the number of work-related musculoskeletal problems related to neck and upper limbs as sitting with the forward head posture in front of computers lead to changes in cervical spine curvature, which if continued for longer duration can lead to Cervical spine degeneration which can thereby lead to forward head posture, during which the head remains forward to the body’s line of gravity. It may lead to degenerative changes in the joints of the cervical spine and may cause forward head posture. Forward-headed posture is common in all age groups, more prominently found in 25-50 years of age, and can be measured by assessing the Craniovertebral angle (CVA).

 

Aim: The purpose of this article is to focus on different methods used to measure the CVA, thereby measuring the forward head posture.

 

Methodology: The PUBMED and the other search engines/databases (Cochrane database / EMBASE / PEDro / CINAHL) were searched. The keywords used were – Craniovertebral angle, forward head posture, Computer workers, Neck pain, neck posture. Studies including CVA & forward head posture assessment were included. Studies done before 2003 were excluded.

 

Results: A Total of 22 relevant studies were found. After removing the duplicates, articles with abstract only and articles published in a language other than English, 12 relevant studies meeting the Inclusion criteria were reviewed in detail as they measured CVA for assessment of Forward head posture & neck posture.A study concluded that the photographic method used in the study showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal postures of the thoracic and cervical spine (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.87). A study concluded that the intra-rater reliability (ICC) of the Modified Head Posture Spinal Curvature Instrument (MHPSCI) is 0.87 (CI range from 0.82–0.91) and the inter-rater reliability between the two raters is 0.76 (CI range from 0.65–0.84) which is graded as “good” in the reliability criteria.

 

Conclusion: With this review it is found that the FHP assessment for CVA is valid and reliable outcome measure. There are different methodologies that are used to assess the CVA which are reliable and valid.

 

Author(s) Details

Noel Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.

 

Tanvi Ashvinbhai Radadiya
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5963