Background: Placental abnormalities are commonly detected in
adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is a vast diversity in placental pathology
and several factors contribute to this diversity. A detailed placental
examination is mandatory to assess any disorder and predict fetal outcomes.
Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to highlight
the placental pathology in various maternal, fetal and placental disorders and
also the fetal outcome in these conditions.
Materials and Methods: A one-and-a-half-year prospective
study of fifty consecutive placentae was done. A proforma was prepared with
relevant clinical details. Maternal, fetal, and placental risk factors were
analyzed along with gross and microscopic lesions. Hematoxylin and eosin
(H&E) stains were used in routine cases. Appropriate sections were taken
from representative sites and Hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid Schiff
stains were done.
Results: Out of fifty cases of placentae studied,
forty-seven cases (94%) showed evidence of pathology associated with maternal,
fetal and placental risk factors, either singly or in combination. Maternal
risk factors were twenty-five cases (50%) of which the highest percentage being
pregnancy-related (84 %). Grossly infarcts and retro placental hematomas were
common findings. Histological features of accelerated maturation were lesions
commonly seen in these cases. In cases where the fetal outcome was poor like in
abortions, intrauterine fetal death and still births all (100%) placentae were
abnormal. As far as the other maternal pregnancy-related risk factors were
concerned we found majority of abortion cases showed no lesions on gross examination
and some authors recorded a single case of Subchorial thrombosis.
Conclusions: In this study, a high percentage of placentae
showed evidence of pathology, the majority of which were associated with
maternal, fetal or placental risk factors either singly or in combination.
Every placenta with poor fetal outcomes was abnormal. Placentae must be
carefully examined in order to establish the prognosis of the fetus and to look
for signs of various disorders. Determining placental pathology has been aided
by the use of both gross and microscopic histopathological examinations.
Author(s) Details
Gudeli Vahini
Department of Pathology, Asram Medical College, Eluru, India.
I. V. Renuka
Department of Pathology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v2/1506
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