Study of Dengue Fever Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of India | Chapter 11 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 Dengue is currently the second most widespread vector-borne illness in the world. Studying the clinical and analytical characteristics of dengue cases admitted to Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital is the goal.

From June to December 2015, a hospital-based prospective study was carried out at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital. 150 seropositive individuals with ages ranging from 18 to 75 who were admitted to the medical wards were included. Clinical profiles of the patients were recorded. 88 men and 62 women out of 150 seropositive cases were male and female. The most common initial symptom was fever. Thrombocytopenia often ranged between 50,000 and 100,000/cu.mm. NS1 antigen, IgM, and IgG antibodies were all discovered to be seropositive in 70%, 7%, and 3% of patients, respectively.

Author(s) Details:

R. J. Girish Babu,
Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital, Karnataka, India.

K. R. Madhuri,
Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V7/article/view/8074

Assessing the Clinical Profile of Malaria and It’s Complications in Magadh Zone of Bihar, India | Chapter 10 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

The goal of the current study was to assess the clinical profile and its complications that aid in early malaria recognition and prompt treatment, thereby lowering morbidity and mortality.

One of the most frequent causes of fever and other associated human misery is still malaria. It continues to be a significant burden for tropical nations despite ongoing prevention initiatives. Despite being nearly eradicated from many nations, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and Russia, malaria has recently presented new challenges in terms of changing clinical profiles and management, particularly p. vivax infection, which is frequently found to cause severe malaria and, contrary to popular belief, defies early detection and timely antimalarial medication.

From the indoor and outdoor sections of the Magadh Medical College Hospital in Gaya, a total of 96 patients were enrolled. Rapid testing and a peripheral blood smear examination are used to identify malaria. A comprehensive clinical examination was conducted, and both regular and specialised lab tests were run. Current clinical features were also documented. A thorough examination was done, the right therapy was given, and frequent follow-up was done. Serious malaria was defined according to WHO standards.

54 percent were infected with vivax, 47 percent with P. falciparum, and 9 percent with mixed illness. More than 30% of individuals exhibited atypical clinical characteristics, 8.6% showed warning signals, and 31% experienced severe malaria. In contrast to common belief, P. vivax also experienced problems.

Early diagnosis is the key to reducing morbidity and death. Typical but deceptive clinical symptoms include cough, severe headache, severe myalgia, diarrhoea, stomach pain, severe arthralgia, oliguria, and malena. Unusual symptoms were seen in a large majority of the individuals in this group.

In India, different regions have different rates of malaria as well as different ratios of p. vivax and p. falciparum. P. vivax is the dominating species in the Magadh zone of Bihar. Malaria is still a significant problem for public health. P vivax's altered clinical profile and increased pathogenicity have drawn attention. Understanding these traits enables early detection and improves results.

Author (s) Details:

Pramod Kumar Sinha,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College Hospital , Gaya-823001 (Bihar), India.

S. N. Singh,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Medical College Hospital, Gaya, (Bihar), India.

Deo Chaudhary,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Medical College Hospital, Gaya, (Bihar), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7430 

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profiles, along with Some Management Indicators, of MDR TB Patients: A Clinical Research | Chapter 01 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 Any TB control effort has a severe hurdle in the form of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). The goal of this study is to look at the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of 23 MDR TB patients in the Domjur Block, India, in 2018, as well as several management parameters. This cross-sectional study collected data in 2018 on six important socio-demographic characteristics of MDR TB patients in order to determine the effects of these characteristics on the occurrence of MDR TB in that block at that time. The six criteria are age, sex, religion, educational status, occupational status, and family income. In addition, the clinical profile of those MDR TB patients was investigated, as well as certain crucial variables relating to the health center's management of those patients at the Domjur Block. The indicators are designed to aid in understanding how the Government of India's RNTCP (Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme) performed in that block in 2018. The random sampling approach was used to choose the Domjur Block. Patients were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested, structured questionnaire to gather relevant data. In the case of the socio-demographic criteria, the binomial test, conducted at a 5% level of significance, revealed that only age, educational status, and family income substantially influenced the occurrence of MDR TB at Domjur, with educational status having the greatest impact. As a result, more education and income can aid in the fight against MDR TB. Indicators relevant to the management of MDR TB patients, on the other hand, show that the RNTCP was progressing rather well; yet, more work remained to be done.

Author(S) Details

Bhaskar Chakraborty
Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health (AIIH & PH), Kolkata, India.

Sampa Mitra
Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health (AIIH & PH), Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V3/article/view/5865

Determination of Clinical Profile of Childhood Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis | Chapter 18 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second most common cause of infectious disease death, trailing only AIDS. The prevalence of all kinds of tuberculosis among children in India is unknown; most surveys have concentrated on pulmonary tuberculosis. The goal of this study was to look at the clinical profile of different forms of childhood EPTB. The goal of this study was to look at the clinico-epidemiological profile of different types of childhood EPTB.

The goal of this study was to look at how different forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis affect children as they become older, as well as to look at the demographic profile and diverse clinical presentations of paediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical profiles of 100 children with EPTB aged 6 months to 12 years.

Results: 62 percent of the cases in our study were aged 0-5 years, 38 percent were aged 5-12 years (P = 0.041), with a male to female ratio of 1.9:1. 96 percent (P = 0.016) of the patients were from a lower socioeconomic level (P = 0.01). TBME (46%) was the most common kind of EPTB, followed by disseminated TB (21%), pleural effusion (12%), abdominal TB (10%), TB lymphadenitis (7%), and osteoarticular TB (2%). (4 percent ). Mild to moderate malnutrition (PEM Grades I, II) affected 28% of the patients, while severe malnutrition affected 46% (PEM Grades III, IV). BCG vaccination was given to 66% of the patients, and there was a history of Koch's contact in 28% of the cases. In 97 percent of CNS tuberculosis patients, fever was present, followed by altered sensorium and convulsion in 80%, tonic posture in 60%, and aberrant movements in 4%. Tonic posturing was the most common indication in 60% of cases, followed by the crack pot sign in 41%. Fever (100%), anorexia (90%), weight loss (80%), abdominal discomfort (50%) and hepatomegaly were all common symptoms in 100 percent of cases of abdominal TB.

Conclusion: EPTB among children over the age of one year, children from lower socioeconomic strata, and children who are extremely malnourished are the most common. Fever, altered sensorium, convulsions, and aberrant movements characterise CNS TB, whereas fever, anorexia, weight loss, and stomach pain characterise abdominal tuberculosis.

Author(S) Details

Dhara K. Gosai
Department of Pediatrics, B. J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Jigar B. Gosai
Department of Emergency Medicine, B. J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Omprakash S. Shukla
Department of Pediatrics, Baroda Medical College and S. S. G. Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V8/article/view/4577

Determination of Clinical Profile and Causality of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India | Chapter 15 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Background: A cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is any unfavourable alteration in the structure or function of the skin and its appendages that is caused by a drug eruption, regardless of the cause. CADRs have a wide range of morphological patterns, ranging from minor urticaria to life-threatening forms including SJS and TEN vasculitis. CADRs (non-severe CADRs) and CADRs (severe CADRs) are the terms used to describe them. In this new era of enhanced multi-drug research, identifying the causative drug is a difficult task, but it can help prevent additional problems and create safer treatments. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical profile and aetiology of CADR in patients in a Hyderabad tertiary care hospital. Methods: Patients attending the dermatological OPD of a medical college and hospital in Hyderabad participated in a 6-month observational hospital-based study. The study included patients with suspected drug-related cutaneous lesions, and the substance responsible for the lesions was identified. The Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme recommended a framework for recording recent drug history, and causality was evaluated using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) standards. The study population consisted of 52.4 percent males and 52.4 percent females (47.6 percent ). The majority of them were in their fifties and sixties. The most common CADR patterns were urticaria (19.05%), erythema multiforme (17.46%), and morbilliform rash (17.46%). (17.46 percent ). Antibiotics (39%) were the most usually prescribed drugs, followed by NSIADs (26%), and ATT (26%). (18 percent ). Conclusions: CADRs generate significant morbidity in industrial workers, both severe and non-severe, and the necessity of pharmacovigilance should be emphasised even more to prevent such events. The need of the hour is to use skin tests and dermatoscopy to promptly identify such reactions.

Author(s) Details

Archana Mavoori
Department of Dermatology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Sudha Bala
Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Sneha Pamar
Department of Dermatology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Karunasree Podila
Department of Pharmacology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Deepthi Sriram
Department of Dermatology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V12/article/view/3672

Determination of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy | Chapter 16 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) and the clinical profile, causative organisms, and antibiotic resistance pattern in pregnant women.

The study comprised 500 pregnant women who came in for antenatal care on a regular basis. Clinical data was collected and entered into the pre-tested proforma. The urine culture was carried out according to conventional procedures. Following the identification of isolates, antibiotic susceptibility patterns were identified.

Out of 500 women, 42 were found to have significant bacteriuria (8.4 percent ). The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (64.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.9 percent ). Fosfomycin (100%) and nitrofurantion were shown to be the most efficient antibiotics against urine isolates (92.6 percent ).

Antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI), such as ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and norfloxacin, have demonstrated growing resistance. There was no statistically significant link between bacteriuria and the clinical profile of pregnant women, such as age, trimester, gravidity, or parity status.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is prevalent in pregnant women. Urine cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing are necessary to detect and treat it. Oral Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin are the antibiotics of choice for treating UTI in pregnant women.

Author (s) Details

A. Mohan Kumar
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh - 522503, India.

J. Kaur
Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi – 110029, India.

M. Deb
Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi – 110029, India.

S. Prateek
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi – 110029, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V10/article/view/2346