Determining the Effects of Water Sources on Concrete Properties | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 6

This study investigates the effects of water sources on concrete properties. Water alone as a factor comes with impurities that may interfere with the setting of the cement paste and adversely affect the strength of the concrete. Some solvents in water also cause staining on the surface of the concrete as well as lead to corrosion of the reinforcements embedded in the concrete and thereby render the building structure susceptible to decay or eventual failure. A mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with 0.5w/c was used in mixing the concrete. Water from the Stream, the hand-dug well, and the borehole were used for the experiments with pipe-borne water serving as the control. Cubes and beams were cast and tested for compression and flexural strengths respectively at 7-day and 28-day curing ages. The chemical and physical properties of the water samples were also tested. The results indicate that the chemical impurities of all the water types were within the limits given in GS 175-1:2009, EN 1008, ASTM C94, and AS 1379. Notwithstanding the fact that the required physical specifications for all the specimens were satisfactory, the specimens mixed with stream water however, were seen to be yellowish and this can be attributed to the quality of the stream water, The water sources had no significant effect on the workability of concrete.  Except for specimens obtained from the stream water effects of efflorescence were not observed on hardened concrete specimens obtained from the water sources. Concrete Specimens mixed with water from the hand-dug well had the highest compressive strength. Flexural strengths gained from mixing concrete with the use of water from alternative sources should compete with values obtained when potable water is used. Although these Water samples that were studied did not attain the maximum parameters in terms of specifications for water fit for drinking as well as for mixing concrete, they, with the exception of samples from the stream water, did not show any signs of staining nor efflorescence.

 

Author (s) Details

Wisdom D. Adzraku
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Peter P. Yalley
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Kennedy Appiadu-Boakye
Presby College of Education, Akuapem, Akropong, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v6/1911

Lichen Planus Pigmentosus Inversus: A Case Series | Chapter 01 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus (LPPI) is a rare lichen planus pigmentosus inversus (LPPI) form that develops in the flexuaral and intertriginous areas as brown macules, papules, or reticulated hyperpigmentation. The lesions are usually asymptomatic. Mucosae, scalp, and palmoplantar areas are unaffected by the condition. LPPI differential diagnoses include ashy dermatosis, mycosis fungoides, occupational dermatoses, and drug-induced dermatoses. There is no specific treatment available for LPPI. This unique LPP variant should be noted by dermatologists. As far as we know, there have been 27 cases reported all over the world. In this study, we'd like to present four more cases of this unique sickness in Arabic patients, as well as a review of the literature.

Author(S) Details

Iqbal A. Bukhari
Dermatology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam and King, Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Fatmah Al Bader
Dermatology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam and King, Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulaziz Al Zahrani
Internal Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6588

Does the Web of Seismic Walls Play a Role to Their Out-of-Plane Stability? | Chapter 2 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 2

Lately, international concern has been raised about the seismic behavior of structural walls, in particular with regard to their lateral instability under severe seismic loading. With the correct choice of an acceptable thickness, the probability of failure due to lateral instability is substantially reduced. It is commonly recognized that for walls with a rectangular section, EC8 and the Greek Concrete Code require 1/20 of the floor height as a minimum shear wall thickness. Seismic codes, internationally accepted and approved, such as the New Zealand and the American seismic code, have switched to more conservative choices about the minimum shear wall thickness (first 1/10 of storey height and second 1/16). The key cause which produces this lateral instability is flexural overstrain. In exchange, flexural overstrain is permitted due to the constant increase in the overall permissible tensile strain of steel bars. This deep excursion of the boundary components of shear walls in the yield area significantly increases their versatility. At the same time, due to seismic activity, these walls are liable to reverse axial loading (tension-compression), so their lateral stability is at stake. The latest work dealing with these aspects is experimental and explores the effect of the shear wall web on lateral instability to avoid (or not).

Author (s) Details

Theodoros Chrysanidis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Ioannis Tegos
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V2/issue/view/31