Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Using Raw Sewage and Cheese Whey | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

 

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using raw sewage has been previously attempted to derive value from waste; however, the yields of PHAs were low. Therefore, we attempted to increase the yield by applying different strategies, such as supplementation of sewage with additional carbon sources, dilution of high-carbon-containing wastewater (cheese whey) with low-carbon-containing wastewater (sewage), and concentration of sewage to improve the available carbon source. After applying these strategies, the PHA production capacity of the bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 is enhanced 22-fold. CYR1 incubated using cheese whey (CW) diluted with sewage showed higher PHA production than those incubated using CW diluted with distilled water. The PHA produced in this study was identified as poly-𝛽-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and the characteristics of the produced PHB were comparable to those of standard PHB. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we show the potential of CYR1 strain in PHB production using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater. The reuse of sewage will help to reduce the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale.

 

The increasing burden placed by plastic waste on the environment has necessitated the protection of our planet from environmental disasters. Thus, switching from limited natural and fossil resources to PHAs for plastic production matches today's concrete initiatives to reach the global Climate and Sustainable Development Goals. On a related note, the constant generation of sewage in our daily activities accounts for a high proportion of the environmental load, and the energy and cost required for sewage treatment are extensive. Thus, the reuse of sewage is essential for reducing the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale. Consequently, painstaking efforts have been taken to transform waste management into resource management. Our group has been working on the production of bioplastics using rejected materials. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to enhance PHA production from sewage by applying different strategies using Bacillus sp. CYR1. A high rate of glucose consumption (83.6%) was also observed. Higher phaC gene expression levels were observed in high-carbon-containing sewage but at lower nitrogen concentrations. Based on these analyses, it was confirmed that the CYR1 strain can be useful for producing PHA using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Young-Cheol Chang

Course of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan..

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/7908C

 

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Using Raw Sewage and Cheese Whey | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using raw sewage has been previously attempted to derive value from waste; however, the yields of PHAs were low. Therefore, we attempted to increase the yield by applying different strategies, such as supplementation of sewage with additional carbon sources, dilution of high-carbon-containing wastewater (cheese whey) with low-carbon-containing wastewater (sewage), and concentration of sewage to improve the available carbon source. After applying these strategies, the PHA production capacity of the bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 is enhanced 22-fold. CYR1 incubated using cheese whey (CW) diluted with sewage showed higher PHA production than those incubated using CW diluted with distilled water. The PHA produced in this study was identified as poly-β-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and the characteristics of the produced PHB were comparable to those of standard PHB. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we show the potential of CYR1 strain in PHB production using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater. The reuse of sewage will help to reduce the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale.

The increasing burden placed by plastic waste on the environment has necessitated the protection of our planet from environmental disasters. Thus, switching from limited natural and fossil resources to PHAs for plastic production matches today's concrete initiatives to reach the global Climate and Sustainable Development Goals. On a related note, the constant generation of sewage in our daily activities accounts for a high proportion of the environmental load, and the energy and cost required for sewage treatment are extensive. Thus, the reuse of sewage is essential for reducing the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale. Consequently, painstaking efforts have been taken to transform waste management into resource management. Our group has been working on the production of bioplastics using rejected materials. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to enhance PHA production from sewage by applying different strategies using Bacillus sp. CYR1. A high rate of glucose consumption (83.6%) was also observed. Higher phaC gene expression levels were observed in high-carbon-containing sewage but at lower nitrogen concentrations. Based on these analyses, it was confirmed that the CYR1 strain can be useful for producing PHA using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater.

Author(s) Details:

Young-Cheol Chang,
Course of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/7908C

Utilization of Waste Materials in Construction Industry | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 6

Presently, population and industries are growing rapidly worldwide and this growth is also generating different waste materials. So, dumping and decomposing of this waste is now a big challenge, and recycling of waste materials has become a critical issue worldwide. Use of waste materials as alternative construction materials is now a global trend undergoing rapidly. Reuse of waste materials of construction industry and recycled materials such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, medical waste ash, silica fume, waste glass powder etc. in the construction field, has been gaining importance because of the shortage of natural resources and various environmental problems caused by storing wastes. Several researchers are using these waste materials in construction industry with three-fold purpose- for utilizing these materials, preserving natural resources and for improving the characteristics of construction materials.

Author(s) Details:

Sanjeev Kumar Verma,
SAM Global University, Bhopal Road, Raisen (M.P.), India.

Hitesh Kodwani,
Department of Civil Engineering, SAM Global University, Bhopal Road, Raisen (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V6/article/view/13375

Sustainable Solution to the Food Waste Disposal at Workmen Camp | Chapter 4 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

The object concerning this research is to discover sustainable resolution to the food waste disposal at workmen camp.In current age, food appliance for grinding garbage at workmen camp is one of the bigger problems being confronted via many countries with its own government the world over. In the workmen colony at Chittapur, kalaburagi locality, Karnataka State, India, a chain of kitchens were constructed for browning purpose and some of limited canteens were also worked. Big quantity of drink waste was collected regularly from these eateries and disposed at a faraway place. Food waste is well degradable in nature, except that disposed correctly it causes environmental pollution. Hence, it is very main to identify tenable environmental method to order food waste at laborer camp. An anaerobic digestion plan was adopted. And built an anaerobic digestion arrangement with a capacity of 500 kg per epoch at workmen camp. This establishment is the first show up the construction manufacturing at workmen camp in India. An Anaerobic Digestion has been acknowledged as one of high-quality options that are available for doctoring food waste, in the end it produce methane smoke   and compost accompanying nutrients. Biogas is a combination of CH4 and CO2 about (55:45). Micro-economical benefits by energy and manure substitutes and macro-financial benefits through decentralizing energy era and environmental protection is the main benefit of biogas plant using fare waste at the workmen camp. Biogas generated maybe used for thermal requests such as boiling or for generating power. The digested slurry is a well sustained organic fertilizer and can be used as soil manure. Plant was designed to handle 500 kg of cuisine waste /day. 27 kg LPG was produce from 500kg of kitchen waste and bearing organic fertilizer with plant micro and large-scale nutrients. This maybe used for increasing plants and in agriculture. The annual income has generated Rupees of 10.62 lakh and the annual payment was Rupees of 1.8 lakh. The net benefit of Rupees 8.82 lakh. Payback period is 2.1 years. This process controls the loud noises and fulfilled the idea of reduce, talk over again and energy improvement. This establishment is the first come into sight the construction manufacturing at workmen camp in India. It controls the environmental pollution and fulfilled the idea of Reduce, Reuse, and Energy Recovery.

Author(s) Details:

G. Reddy Babu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru-521356, Andhra Pradesh, India.

G. Madhava Kumar,
Chief Manager-EHS, Siemens Large Drives India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V7/article/view/11704

An Approach to Sustainable Architecture through Adaptive Reuse of Building Materials for Restaurant Interiors | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

Building building and demolition are ongoing processes that have existed since antiquity, are still in use now, and have a promising future. of it. The modern building industry produces a lot of garbage from various jobs. sites, whether it be for brand-new building, remodelling, or complete demolition. many of the demolition-related debris were thrown in landfills, taking big space for a long time. This article seeks to design the inside of restaurants. by repurposing materials in an innovative way to accomplish architectural sustainability. Additionally, it aims to blend these components into a range of rather than throwing them in the trash, use them in architectural and interior projects. The article details the procedures and stages involved in the selected project's adaptive reuse of resources. The project as a whole plays with the tension between old and new materials, the use of locally accessible materials, sustainability, and creating an atmosphere that gives the restaurant a hint of traditional or vernacular character. The study is also meant to serve as an example of how to repurpose construction waste in sustainable interior design projects. The paper also highlights the necessity of putting into practise a number of strategies, such as preventing, recycling, and reusing construction and demolition wastes, as well as the creation of laws, control bodies, codes, and standards that must be applied to the construction industry in order to reduce Construction and demolition trash have a 50% impact.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Srinivas Daketi
Assistant Professor is with Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7547

Improving Fish Production in a Locally-Designed Aquaculture System | Chapter 5 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 4

 This paper describes a lab-scale recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) that reduces, recycles, and reuses wastewater from fish farms. A biological treatment unit, a settling tank, and a fish tank are all included in the system. For 21 days, four fish samples were housed in the tank. Then, for 16 days, highly concentrated fish farm wastewater was continuously recirculated to build up a significant mass of bacteria on the filter. The rationale for this is to guarantee that proper nitrification processes were in place before the fish were placed in the fish tank to be reared. The ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total suspended particles levels in RAS were all within permissible limits for African catfish culture, according to the results of water analysis. The RAS for the 21-day culture consumed 32.89L of water and resulted in a weight gain percentage ranging from 17.69% to 37.05%. This demonstrated that the system is capable of maintaining the required effluent quality for catfish production.

Author(S) Details

I. I. Nwajuaku
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.

C. F. Okey-Onyesolu
Department of chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.

Okeke Chukwunonso
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V4/article/view/5105