Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Using Raw Sewage and Cheese Whey | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

 

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using raw sewage has been previously attempted to derive value from waste; however, the yields of PHAs were low. Therefore, we attempted to increase the yield by applying different strategies, such as supplementation of sewage with additional carbon sources, dilution of high-carbon-containing wastewater (cheese whey) with low-carbon-containing wastewater (sewage), and concentration of sewage to improve the available carbon source. After applying these strategies, the PHA production capacity of the bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 is enhanced 22-fold. CYR1 incubated using cheese whey (CW) diluted with sewage showed higher PHA production than those incubated using CW diluted with distilled water. The PHA produced in this study was identified as poly-𝛽-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and the characteristics of the produced PHB were comparable to those of standard PHB. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we show the potential of CYR1 strain in PHB production using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater. The reuse of sewage will help to reduce the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale.

 

The increasing burden placed by plastic waste on the environment has necessitated the protection of our planet from environmental disasters. Thus, switching from limited natural and fossil resources to PHAs for plastic production matches today's concrete initiatives to reach the global Climate and Sustainable Development Goals. On a related note, the constant generation of sewage in our daily activities accounts for a high proportion of the environmental load, and the energy and cost required for sewage treatment are extensive. Thus, the reuse of sewage is essential for reducing the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale. Consequently, painstaking efforts have been taken to transform waste management into resource management. Our group has been working on the production of bioplastics using rejected materials. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to enhance PHA production from sewage by applying different strategies using Bacillus sp. CYR1. A high rate of glucose consumption (83.6%) was also observed. Higher phaC gene expression levels were observed in high-carbon-containing sewage but at lower nitrogen concentrations. Based on these analyses, it was confirmed that the CYR1 strain can be useful for producing PHA using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Young-Cheol Chang

Course of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan..

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/7908C

 

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Using Raw Sewage and Cheese Whey | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using raw sewage has been previously attempted to derive value from waste; however, the yields of PHAs were low. Therefore, we attempted to increase the yield by applying different strategies, such as supplementation of sewage with additional carbon sources, dilution of high-carbon-containing wastewater (cheese whey) with low-carbon-containing wastewater (sewage), and concentration of sewage to improve the available carbon source. After applying these strategies, the PHA production capacity of the bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 is enhanced 22-fold. CYR1 incubated using cheese whey (CW) diluted with sewage showed higher PHA production than those incubated using CW diluted with distilled water. The PHA produced in this study was identified as poly-β-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and the characteristics of the produced PHB were comparable to those of standard PHB. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we show the potential of CYR1 strain in PHB production using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater. The reuse of sewage will help to reduce the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale.

The increasing burden placed by plastic waste on the environment has necessitated the protection of our planet from environmental disasters. Thus, switching from limited natural and fossil resources to PHAs for plastic production matches today's concrete initiatives to reach the global Climate and Sustainable Development Goals. On a related note, the constant generation of sewage in our daily activities accounts for a high proportion of the environmental load, and the energy and cost required for sewage treatment are extensive. Thus, the reuse of sewage is essential for reducing the ecological burden and energy consumption on a global scale. Consequently, painstaking efforts have been taken to transform waste management into resource management. Our group has been working on the production of bioplastics using rejected materials. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to enhance PHA production from sewage by applying different strategies using Bacillus sp. CYR1. A high rate of glucose consumption (83.6%) was also observed. Higher phaC gene expression levels were observed in high-carbon-containing sewage but at lower nitrogen concentrations. Based on these analyses, it was confirmed that the CYR1 strain can be useful for producing PHA using low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater.

Author(s) Details:

Young-Cheol Chang,
Course of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/7908C

An Overview of Optimization, Characterization, Recovery and Application of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized by Microorganisms | Book Publisher International

 If we work for a more sustainable future, the most significant roadblock is the quality and cost-effectiveness of plastics in most industries. As a result, bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) tend to be a promising candidate for replacing non-biodegradable plastics and combating the contamination caused by their accumulation over time. PHA are energy stores created by microbial cells that can be used in nutrient-deficient environments, and they have properties that are similar to non-degradable plastics that have been widely used by the general public for decades. They are also biodegradable and biocompatible. As a result, researchers and environmentalists are becoming increasingly interested in PHA-accumulating microorganisms as a potential replacement for existing plastics. PHA properties are influenced by a variety of physicochemical parameters as well as factors such as microbial strain, development, and nutritional conditions. Thus, even if formed by the same species isolated from different environments, studying different optimization parameters for PHA accumulation in bacterial cells and its characterization is extremely significant. Due to its biodegradable nature, PHAs have a wide range of applications, not just in marketing but also in medicine, using biotechnology and interdisciplinary approaches. This monograph provides an overview of the techniques used to screen PHA accumulators, optimise their aggregation, and characterise these polymers using analytical instruments that have been published in the literature. In addition, the various applications of PHAs in various fields are discussed.

Author(s) Detailts

Joyline Mascarenhas
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

K. Aruna
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/AOOCRAPSM/issue/view/48

Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkaonoate Extracted from Bacillus megaterium JHA and Its Biodegradation Studies | Book Publisher International

 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring polymers that are generated as a source of energy by a variety of bacterial organisms. They can be used to replace petroleum-based plastics in a sustainable way. Bacillus megaterium JHA, a gram-positive bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil, demonstrated the ability to accumulate high levels of PHA on glucose as a substrate. The biopolymer was extracted from the above strain using a solvent extraction method (chloroform) to obtain a thin film of PHA in the current sample. Analytical techniques such as confocal microscopy, high performance thin layer chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterise this film. These techniques revealed a functional and chemical similarity between PHA and the standard molecule, Polyhydroxybutryrate (PHB), suggesting that it is a PHB derivative. A differential scanning calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric analysis were used to assess the biopolymer's thermal properties. With a polydispersity index of 1.7, the biopolymer's weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular mass were determined to be 43.47kDa and 25.53kDa, respectively. It also revealed a melting temperature of 163.19°C, as well as a thermal decomposition temperature of 285.68°C. The biopolymer's IC50 value was measured as 0.311 mg/mL using the MTT assay, indicating that it is suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Scanning electron microscopy was used to further investigate the biopolymer's biodegradability. Apart from the analytical characteristics listed above, the polymer's unique attribute was its ability to degrade fully in compost soil under facultative conditions in 60-90 days.

Author(s) Details

Joyline Mascarenhas
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

K. Aruna
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPEBJIBS/issue/view/24