Biodegradation of Natural and Waste Water by Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Microorganisms with Various Sorbents Contaminated with Spent Mineral, Semi-Synthetic and Synthetic Lubricating Oils | Chapter 2| Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 9

 

Aims: Study of processes of degradation of spent mineral, semisynthetic and synthetic motor oils by selected hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and selection of sorbents contributing to the optimization of processes of decontamination of natural and wastewater from these types of pollutants.

 

Study Design: Studies were conducted on controlled biodegradation with mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic lubricating oils with a consortium of nine types of hydrocarbons oxidizing microorganisms (HOM), in concentrations with initial contamination of 90 ± 6, 400 ± 6 and 1000 ± 6 mg/dm3 per 400 cm3 of runoff under statistical conditions at temperatures from +16 to +29 °C. The growth in the number of microorganisms was within 304 • 106 – 306 • 106 cl/cm3 (with continuous cleaning mode – in 14 days). Also, in the experiment on the biodegradation of lubricating oils, HOM sorbing materials were used: river sand, coal powder, polyethylene chips, crushed Tetra Pak, sawdust and peat (natural sizes), husks (buckwheat, barley, wheat and oats) with particle sizes - 0.017; 0.034; 0.07 and 0.1 mm. Their concentration was (depending on the test series) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and up to 100 mg/dm3.

 

Methodology: Nine main bacterial strains, together with various sorbents isolated from various industrial sewers, were used for the biodegradation of natural and wastewater that were contaminated with spent mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic lubricating oils. Microorganisms from environmental objects were isolated by direct seeding and by the method of cumulative cultures. For comparison, different cultures of Alcaligenes (1 species), Micrococcus (1 species), Brevibacterium (2 species), Bacillus (1 species), Flavobacterium (1 species), Clostridium (1 species) and Pseudomonas (2 species), which are part of the oil- and oil-destroying microbiological consortium, were used.

 

Microorganisms are united in consortia according to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and are represented by both gram-positive and gram-negative, mobile and stationary aerobic and facultative anaerobic forms. The physiological activity of the strains is variable, and their enzymatic activity is high.

 

The degree of biotransformation of wastewater was assessed by the dynamics of chemical oxygen consumption (COC), biological oxygen consumption (BOC5) and dissolved oxygen (O2) in the process of biodegradation of wastewater pollution by chemical methods.

 

 

Results: In the presence of sorbents (husks of grain crops) with microorganisms involved in the purification of water from transformer oil, the process of habituation was revealed in the interval from 1 to 3 days of contact and diesel oil, respectively, up to 3 days. At the same time, the increase in the number of transformer oil reaches 10-12 times in the variant with buckwheat and oat husks, and up to 18 times in the presence of barley husks in water, and the increase in the number of diesel oil reaches 2-3 times in the variants with wheat and barley husks.

 

According to the dynamics, the increase in the number of HOM in semi-synthetic oil in the presence of grain husks reduces pollution in concentrations from 50 mg/dm3 and reaches 55.0 - 63.7% by 6-9 days. The proportion of mineral oils subject to biodegradation of HOM, in the same period, exceeds more than 30%. The overall cleansing effect in the variants with oat husks reaches 90.6%, barley 92.2%, and buckwheat and wheat 93.7 - 93.8%. Whereas the efficiency of water purification from used lubricating oils in the presence of river sand, polyethylene shavings, grasses, coal powder and peat remained at or below the levels observed under the influence of HOM.

 

Conclusion: In the biodegradation of natural and wastewater from oil pollution, sorbents can be used through optimization with HOM, leading to the achievement of the maximum permissible standard for water purification from used lubricating oils. Thus, we recommend the controlled use of sorbents of grain crops, such as oat husks, wheat, barley and buckwheat (particle size 0.017-0.034 mm with a concentration of 50 mg/dm3) together with HOM (up to 350 • 106 kl/cm3).

 

Author(s) Details

Ganiev I.M.
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU) and Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety (FSBSI «FCTRBS-ARRVI»), Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v9/834

Biodegradation of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Methylparaben (MP) in Shampoo and Hair Dressing Salon Waste Utilizing Bacteria Extracted from Sewage Treatment Sludge | Chapter 1 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

Surfactants are amphipathic compounds consisting of both a hydrophobic region (alkyl chains of various lengths, e.g., alkyl phenyl ethers, alkyl benzenes, etc.) and a hydrophilic region (e.g., carboxyl, sulphate, sulphonates, phosphates, etc.). The present study investigated the biodegradation of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Methyl paraben (MP) both in Shampoo and hair dressing salon waste, using bacteria isolated from Sewage treatment sludge. The biodegradation was carried out according to the OECD Guideline for ready biodegradability and was monitored by Standard Spectrophotometric methods. The results obtained indicated that these compounds were degraded biotically by simple bacteria identified using a Microgen Kit for bacteria characterization.: Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens degraded 98.3% of the initial CTAB level in the Standard CTAB solution on 13 days of incubation; Pseudomonas fluorescens and Actinobacillus hominis degraded 96.7% of the initial CTAB level on 10 days of incubation and 92.0% of the original MP on 13 days of incubation in the Shampoo solution; Pseudomonas aeurogonisa and Klebsiella planticola degraded 95.3% of the initial CTAB level on 5 days of incubation and 94.7% of the original MP level on 4 days of incubation in the washing solution; Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and Salmonella typhi were found present in the Inoculum control. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the bacteria obtained from the sewage sludge can be used as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly agent for the biodegradation of surfactants in sewage treatment processes. The study recommended that the identified bacteria be applied individually for the biodegradation of surfactants so as to compare their biodegradation capacity and rate.

 

Author (s) Details

 

P. U. Onuche
Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 1 Hairpin Dr, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States and Quality Control Department, Dangote Cement Plc Ibese, Ogun State, Nigeria.

 

F. G. Okibe
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

 

V. O. Ajibola
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Ugochukwu Udonna Okonkwo
Department of Geography and GIS, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA and Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria.

 

Ezekiel Tosin Babatunde
Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v5/4558

Kinetic Investigations of Biodegradation of Industrial Waste Effluents and Oxidation of Perfumery Alcohols | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

The kinetics of biodegradation of industrial wastes and oxidation of perfumery alcohols was studied using silver nano particles and transition metal ions as catalysts.
 
The research was carried out under the following heads:
 

·  The effects of salinity and temperature on the biodegradation of industrial and domestic waste effluents discharged into the marine ecosystem around Mumbai City have been studied and the slow rate of the wet oxidation of carbonaceous organic matter in marine waters has been confirmed.
·  Chemical monitoring of metal pollutants in the coastal waters around Mumbai City was done using standard methods of sample collection and analysis. The chemical quality of water was compared with the WHO and ISI(Indian Statistical Institute) standards for potable water.
·   Relatively less expensive transition metal ions were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of a newly synthesized Schiff base, N-N’-disalicylidene-p,p’-diamino diphenyl methane.
·  Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and used as green catalysts for the oxidation of perfumery alcohols. The rates of oxidation of alcohols were determined using first order kinetics.
·   Transition metal ions were effectively used as catalysts for the oxidation of Cyclic alcohols by Ce(IV) in acidic medium. Suitable reaction mechanisms have been suggested and the sequence of catalytic efficiencies of the transition metal ions have been determined.
 
 

Author(s) Details:

Damodar V. Prabhu,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai-400007, India.

Shivani S. Dhage,
CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Mumbai-400018, India.

Harishchandra A. Parbat,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai-400007, India.

Anjali Tiwari,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai-400007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V2/article/view/14112

Preliminary Study on Rice Straw Degradation Using Microbial Inoculant under Solid-state Fermentation Condition | Chapter 9 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 8

Abundance and unmanaged agriculture residues lead to unutilized resource waste and environmental pollution. The application of microbial technology to manage agriculture waste could produce value-added products. A preliminary study on the biodegradation process of rice straw using different potential microorganisms was tested under laboratory study. Three different inoculant cultures were used to observe their efficiency in rice straw degradation. Combination cultures of microorganisms coding AMB1 show the potential degrading activity, which reduces the hemicellulose of rice straw by 50% from the raw material. The highest cellulase activity at 1.5 U/mL was also observed in rice straw treatment with AMB1, which was higher than in single inoculant fungi and commercial microbial products. Overall, the results suggested that the biodegradation of rice straw could be improved by using combination cultures, AMB1. The ability of these cultures to enhance biodegradation shows potential to shorten the decomposing period and may be used to manage agriculture waste.

Author(s) Details:

Nurul Ain Abu Bakar,
Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohammad Hariz Abdul Rahman,
Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Nur Alyani Shakri,
Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Syuhaidah Abu Bakar,
Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abhar Abdul Hamid,
Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V8/article/view/13476

The Potential of the Non-Lignolytic Filamentous Fungus Penicillium sp. CHY-2, Isolated from Antarctic Soil for the Biodegradation | Chapter 2 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 The present case examined the potential of the like a thread fungus Penicillium sp. CHY-2, that was isolated from Antarctic soil, to biodegrade eight various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, containing octane, decane, dodecane, ethylbenzene, butylbenzene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. The degree of polycyclic pungent hydrocarbon contamination of tangible matrices has increased over the last various years on account of an increase in industrial actions. Interest has surrounded the incident and distribution of polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons for many decades because they pose a weighty threat to the fitness of humans and environments. Among all the compounds, CHY-2 showed the best possible of degradation for decane (49.0%), understood by butylbenzene (42.0%) and dodecane (33.0%), and lower levels of degradation for naphthalene (15.0%), acenaphthene (10.0%), octane (8.0%), ethylbenzene (4.0%), and benzo[a]pyrene (2.0%) at 20 °C. The adding of carbon beginnings such as glucose (5 g L-1) and Tween-80 (5 g L-1) reinforced decane degradation by about 1.8-fold and 1.61-fold individually at 20 °C. The metabolites produced all along the degradation of decane were labeled by gas chromatography-bulk spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, the enzyme manganese peroxidase (MnP) from CHY-2 was freed. MnP was found to incorporate monomers with a microscopic mass of 36 kDa. The freed MnP had an optimum pH of 5.0 and hotness of 30 °C. The Km and V max principles of MnP towards Mn2+ were 1.31 mM and 185.19 mM min-1 individually. These results indicated that the strain CHY-2 could be secondhand for the degradation of hydrocarbons and manage have promising requests in the treatment of hydrocarbon adulterated sites.

Author(s) Details:

Young-Cheol Chang,
Course of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12487

Degradation Methods of Plastics to Tackle Environmental Pollution and Save Our Life | Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

 Our Earth is being stained by plastic, which is strangling our oceans, menacing human health, and injuring ecosystems that are essential to our lifestyle. Need to beat plastic contamination. Most microorganisms are both employed as the action for bioplastic products and by way of of degrading plastics. Even while amount made of bioplastic are more high-priced than those made of artificial flexible. A few bio-polymers have again won widespread support and are once being made. Plastic bag decomposition is more time-consuming than a thousand times. Microbes have so gambled a significant function in both putrefy and the result of polymers. Biodegradable plastics have existed developed as a result of the issues guide plastic waste. More expressly, biodegradable bioplastics are polymers that, when subjected to sure microorganisms' enzymatic exercise, mineralize into CO2, CH4, H2O, inorganic composites, or biomass. Because of allure rigidity, it perform widely in the modern world. However, utilizing too much flexible can have an impact on the environment and human growth. The demand for biodegradable flexible has been increasing day-to-day. This type of plastic can dissolve in the environment through the action of normally occurring microorganisms. Due to biodegradable plastic's talent to putrefy fast and hence preserve the surroundings, there is a excellent need to make it.

Author(s) Details:

Pushpa Yadav,
Nova College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, U. P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V6/article/view/11159

Study on Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Soil and Sediments by Microorganisms and Plants| Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 

The present study aimed to investigate the biological remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the soil and sediments by microorganisms and plants. This chapter focuses on the possible trends of remediation of PCBs in the environment and the methodologies applied. It also reviewed the merits and demerits of using plants and microorganisms as biological detoxification agents. The last two decades have seen an increase in interest in biological methods for cleaning the environment, particularly the soil. For centuries, fungi and bacteria have served as the environment's natural detoxification systems for pollutants. Recent studies have demonstrated that using plants and microorganisms in the proper ratios and techniques will produce a desirable and better result for the detoxification of environmental contaminants, and most importantly, the natural environment won't be harmed because some of the processes are environmentally friendly. It is common knowledge that various unchecked human activities and chemicals in the biosphere have severely contaminated the environment. If left unchecked, this acute and widespread contamination of the air, soil and water by metals, chemicals and metalloids will be harmful to people and other living things. Despite the numerous steps taken to control the presence pf these compounds in the environment, their widespread presence and other members of the well-known class known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which share similar chemical, toxicological, and environmental characteristics, continues to rise. However, the hydrophobic nature and characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) tend to be much less responsive to bioremediation strategies. The study also highlighted the possible improvement measures on the combination of plants and microorganisms in bioremediation, thereby filling the gap left behind by the conventional methods of remediation with its enormous limitations and disadvantages to enable the triumph of agricultural practices. This chapter focuses on the possible trends of remediation of PCBs in the environment and the methodologies applied. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using plants and microorganisms as biological detoxification agents.

Author(s) Details:

Raymond Oriebe Anyasi,
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Rodepoort, South Africa.

Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana,
Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Rodepoort, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V8/article/view/9257

Assessment of Biological Remediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in the Environment by Microorganisms and Plants | Chapter 4| Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

Between the 1930s and the 1980s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely employed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Despite the fact that their usage has been severely restricted, many PCBs can still be detected in the environment, such as in soils and sediments. This overview covers the most common remediation methods, such as phytoremediation, microbial degradation, chemical reagent dehalogenation, and PCB elimination using activated carbon. Supercritical water oxidation, ultrasonic radiation, bimetallic systems, nanoscale zero-valent iron based reductive dehalogenation and biofilm covered activated carbon, electrokinetic remediation, and nZVI particles in combination with a second metal are all discussed as new insights from recent PCB remediation studies. Despite several efforts to limit its presence, the extensive dispersion of this material, as well as other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with similar chemical, toxicological, and environmental characteristics, continues to grow in the environment. The focus of this review is on prospective trends in PCB cleanup in the environment, as well as the methods employed. Plant remediation and microorganism degradation are also contrasted as biological detoxification methods for the chemical. This will highlight prospective bioremediation improvement strategies combining plants and microorganisms, filling the gap left by standard remediation treatments, which have their own limits and problems.

Author(s) Details:

R. O. Anyasi,
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

H. I. Atagana,
Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7046

Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Combined Bio and Nanotechnology | Chapter 7 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are employed in a variety of agricultural and industrial products, causing significant environmental and human health damage. Although India is widely regarded as a hotspot for POPs contamination and human exposure, no systematic analysis has yet been conducted, taking into account all available past data on POPs occurrence. Human and industrial activity produce POPs, either purposefully or unintentionally. Due to their widespread use as flame retardants in numerous commercial items, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) are currently the most concerning POPs. These goods include PBDEs, which are discharged into the environment and eventually end up in landfills and sewage. Sewage sludge serves as both a sink for PBDEs and a source of PBDE release into aquatic environments. As a result, systematic studies to monitor PBDE levels in sewage sludge and its treatment are urgently needed. Biodegradation has long been recognised as one of the possible techniques for removing contaminants from the environment. Unique catabolic pathways capable of digesting persistent organic pollutants have been discovered in some isolated aerobic bacteria from the environment. The biodegradation of POPs from sewage sludge utilising a combination of bio and nanotechnology is the subject of this chapter. The study's major goals are to learn about POPs, their sources, classification, environmental and health consequences, and to compare alternative treatment methods in order to find the optimal way for removing POPs from wastewater in a specific bioreactor.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Korrapati Narasimhulu
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal-506004, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V5/article/view/6568

Assessment of Biodegradable Blends of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Chitosan for Food Industry and Biomedical Application | Chapter 04 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 Due to the presence of two types of reactive primary and secondary hydroxyl groups, chitosan (CS), an amino polysaccharide, is a stiff polymer (-OH). It is also a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, safe, and antibacterial polymer, making it suitable for use in the food and biomedical industries. As a result, biodegradable films based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) are being developed for usage in food packaging and biomedical applications. The goal of this research is to create a low-cost biodegradable PVA/CS film using a solution casting process with glutaraldehyde as the cross linking agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microhardness techniques were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions between constituents of polymer blends and mechanical properties. The degrading characteristics of PVA/CS films were investigated using composting. PVA and PVA/CS mixes had different absorption bands in their FTIR spectra, showing interactions between the blend's components. The marten hardness (HM) value changed from 83.08 MPa in pure PVA to 142.18 MPa (maximum value) with chitosan component of 40% wt. Chitosan boosted the mechanical stiffness of PVA/CS blends by up to 40%, and the optimal combination for the maximum improvement in mechanical properties was determined. This is because blending causes an intermolecular connection between two polymers, which improves the blends' mechanical strength. As the amount of chitosan in the mix rose, the rate of degradation increased.

Author(S) Details

Shanta Pokhrel
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Rameshwar Adhikari
Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Paras Nath Yadav
Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V1/article/view/6523

Describing the Role of Aerobic Microorganisms in the Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Laboratory Contaminated Groundwater | Chapter 1 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 The role of aerobic bacteria in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater was investigated in this study. A nutrient-treated groundwater sample was compared to an untreated water sample. At day 56, the percentage elimination of total hydrocarbon content in the water treated with nutrients and the untreated water sample (natural attenuation) was 89 and 74, respectively. The number of total heterotrophic and total hydrocarbon-using bacteria rose over time in all experimental samples. Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Flavobacterium sp. were among the bacteria isolated. At the end of day 56, the total petroleum hydrocarbon in water samples treated with nutrient and untreated water sample decreased from 15.33955 mg/L to 3.90361 mg/L and 9.49634 mg/L, respectively. At day 56, the physicochemical assessments were within the World Health Organization's drinking water standard. The aerobic bacteria found in the water samples used total petroleum hydrocarbons in laboratory contaminated groundwater; however, treatment with nutrient resulted in better elimination of the hydrocarbon pollutants.

Author (S) Details

O. Aleruchi
Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

G. O. Abu
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V1/article/view/3759

Study on Imidacloprid Induced Intoxication and Its Biodegradation by Soil Isolate Bacillus weihenstephanensis | Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 The aim of this study was to see how imidacloprid affected biochemical parameters and soil isolate development. The degradation of imidacloprid in the soil isolate was also investigated.

The soil isolate was identified and used for toxicity testing in this study. The capacity of Bacillus weihenstephanensis to degrade imidacloprid in minimal salt medium (MSM) and tryptic soya medium was also tested (TSB). Curing experiments were used to determine the function of plasmid in imidacloprid degradation.

Between June 2011 and December 2012, I studied at Karnatak University's Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology in Dharwad, India.

The following is the methodology: Morphological, biochemical, and 16s rDNA characters were used to identify the soil isolate. With 10-3 to 10-7 molar imidacloprid, the effect of imidacloprid on DNA, RNA, protein, glucose, and growth in soil isolates was studied for 96 hours. Imidacloprid degradation in MSM and TSB was studied for 28 days, with samples taken on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. HPLC was used to determine the insecticide concentration. It was decided to cure the plasmids.

Bacillus weihenstephanensis was described as the soil isolate. The use of 10-3 to 10-7 molar imidacloprid on the soil isolate Bacillus weihenstephanensis resulted in a substantial (P0.05) decrease in DNA, RNA, protein, glucose, and development. In four weeks, Bacillus weihenstephanensis in MSM and TSB degraded imidacloprid by 46 and 78 percent, respectively. Bacillus weihenstephanensis plasmid was cured in the fourth century. In TSB, cured and non-cured Bacillus weihenstephanensis cells showed 18.80% and 75% degradation, respectively.

Conclusion: Imidacloprid has an impact on the biochemical content and internal growth of Bacillus weihenstephanensis, a soil isolate. Bacillus weihenstephanensis was also found to be capable of degrading imidacloprid in MSM and TSB. Further plasmid curing showed that imidacloprid degradation genes are found on both the plasmid and the chromosome. As shown by its growth in MSM, the soil isolate was able to use imidacloprid as its sole carbon and nitrogen source.

Author (s) Details

Arun Shetti
Department of Botany, GMS Academy First Grade College, P. B. Road, Davangere, India.

B. B. Kaliwal
Department of Computer Application, Visvesvaraya Technological University, P. G. Center Gulbarga, India.

R. B. Kaliwal
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/868

Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkaonoate Extracted from Bacillus megaterium JHA and Its Biodegradation Studies | Book Publisher International

 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring polymers that are generated as a source of energy by a variety of bacterial organisms. They can be used to replace petroleum-based plastics in a sustainable way. Bacillus megaterium JHA, a gram-positive bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil, demonstrated the ability to accumulate high levels of PHA on glucose as a substrate. The biopolymer was extracted from the above strain using a solvent extraction method (chloroform) to obtain a thin film of PHA in the current sample. Analytical techniques such as confocal microscopy, high performance thin layer chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterise this film. These techniques revealed a functional and chemical similarity between PHA and the standard molecule, Polyhydroxybutryrate (PHB), suggesting that it is a PHB derivative. A differential scanning calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric analysis were used to assess the biopolymer's thermal properties. With a polydispersity index of 1.7, the biopolymer's weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular mass were determined to be 43.47kDa and 25.53kDa, respectively. It also revealed a melting temperature of 163.19°C, as well as a thermal decomposition temperature of 285.68°C. The biopolymer's IC50 value was measured as 0.311 mg/mL using the MTT assay, indicating that it is suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Scanning electron microscopy was used to further investigate the biopolymer's biodegradability. Apart from the analytical characteristics listed above, the polymer's unique attribute was its ability to degrade fully in compost soil under facultative conditions in 60-90 days.

Author(s) Details

Joyline Mascarenhas
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

K. Aruna
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPEBJIBS/issue/view/24