A Study of the Seawater Quality Around Halmahera Islands, North Maluku, Indonesia | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

 

Halmahera is one of the largest islands in North Maluku, Indonesia. The island is rich in valuable minerals like gold and nickel, and it also has abundant marine resources. In September 2005 (transition monsoon), a research survey was carried out in the waters around Halmahera, because September is a transitional season, where in this month there is a change of season from the east season to the west season, which affects water conditions. This study aims to monitor seawater quality in relation to fisheries and tourism interests. The study looked at both physical and chemical seawater quality parameters. The physical parameters measured included temperature, salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and light transmission, while the chemical parameters were nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate),  dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity (pH), and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni). The results showed that the seawater quality was generally suitable for fisheries and tourism activities and still met the standards set for Indonesia’s seawater quality.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Edward Edward
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Radjab
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Yanrizal Yanrizal
Faculty of Technical Geology , Bandung Technology Institute, Bandung, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Sam Wouthuyzen
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Teddy Triandiza
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Marsya J Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ancol, Indonesia.

 

Intan Rubiyanti
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

RDA Opier
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ancol, Indonesia.

 

Agus Dendi Rochendi
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, Indonesia.

 

Sulistiono
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Frensly D Hukom
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Teguh Peristiwady
Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Yunia Witasari
Reserach Center for Limnology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7087

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Fresco Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire | Chapter 5 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

The Fresco lagoon, one of the essential components of the Ivorian lagoon system and located in the southwest of Côte d'Ivoire, contributes to the economic and tourist development of the country. This study, conducted from June 2019 to May 2020, highlights the strong pressure that the Fresco lagoon is under due to human activities in its watershed. Pollutants from these activities, mainly consisting of organic matter, are released into the natural environment without prior treatment. Then, the mineralisation of organic matter, influenced by the physicochemical factors of the water, leads to a phenomenon of eutrophication, due to the enrichment of the water with nitrogen and phosphorus. Eutrophication is one of the causes of mortality of aquatic biodiversity due to low dissolved oxygen levels. The objective of this study is to monitor the seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the waters of two locations in the Fresco lagoon, designated Zone I and Zone II. To do this, the physicochemical parameters were determined using a multiparameter and the ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) contents by spectrophotometric assay. The statistical components such as the mean (m), the standard deviation (s), the coefficient of variation (CV (%)), the minimum value (Min), the maximum value (Max) and the normalised principal component analysis (NPCA) were assessed. The results reveal high temperatures in the long dry season (32.04±0.52°C in zone I and 30.59±0.90°C in zone II), low dissolved oxygen contents in the short rainy season (1.40±0.43mg/L in zone I and 1.78±0.06 mg/L in zone II) and acidic waters in the long rainy season (pH = 6.25±0.08 in zone I and pH = 6.31±0.53 in zone II). Nitrate (16.77±9.82 mg/L) and phosphate (3.28±3.20 mg/L) levels in Zone II are relatively high during the short rainy season and the long dry season, respectively. These high levels characterise a eutrophic environment. Decontamination of wastewater before its discharge into nature, regular monitoring of the health of this ecosystem and public awareness of environmental protection could contribute to improving water quality.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yè Nicaise OUATTARA
Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière (LCRM) de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Ake Pierre AKE
Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière (LCRM) de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Adama Diarrassouba TUO
Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), 29, Rue des Pêcheurs – BP. V 18 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Albert TROKOUREY
Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière (LCRM) de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6430

Evaluating the Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Nutritional Quality of Freshwater Fish Nemacheilus botia | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 3

Fishes are the main source of animal protein for the human diet. Fish is one of the demanding foods in the world. It plays a vital role in a nutritional diet. Quality of fish depends on the available nutritional components, mainly including Protein, carbohydrates lipids, Vitamins, and Fatty acids. Nutritional values of the cooked food may be minimised due to cooking practices. Hence, the present investigation is undertaken with the objective of studying nutritional value before and after cooking, to recommend the best cooking method for the selected fish species. This study was performed to investigate the effect of different cooking methods on the Nutrition of Nemacheilus botia. Nemacheilus botia is an important local commercial fish species, which is appreciated not only because of their small size, highly valuable but also their boneless flesh with excellent quality and taste. Selected fish species were collected from the river located in Chandwad. Uncooked Fresh Fish, Boiled Fish, Fried Fish, Roasted Fish and Steamed Fish are the different cooking treatments considered to fulfil the objective of the study. The nutrient contents are changed due to the application of different cooking treatments, losses of nutrients take place and retention of some nutrients, like protein, also occurs. Different cooking methods are affecting the quantity of total protein. Lipid content is found to be increased in all cooking methods except the Boiled method. This study also showed that fat and carbohydrate content were significantly changed by four cooking methods.

 

Author (s) Details

Sanjay M. Nikam
NVP Mandel’s Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon, India.

 

Pratiksha S. Jadhav
SNJB’s KKHA Arts, SMGL Commerce and SPHJ Science College Chandwad, Ms, 423101, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v3/4852

 

Forest Fire Effects on Soil Properties | Chapter 7 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 

The present study highlights forest fire effects on soil properties. One of the most harmful challenges to our forest is fire. Forest fires may have an impact on a combination of vegetation cover, structure, composition, density, and productivity leading to deforestation, population decline, consequences of the forest edge, and exotic animal immigration species. The impact of forest fires on soil physical properties had an emphasis on texture, bulk density, porosity, aggregate stability, and water content and repellency. Following the fire, the surface soil of the burned region had higher soil pH, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels than the unburned area. Because of the low fire intensity, the organic matter in the soil and the litter burned, increasing the amount of nutrients available and encouraging the growth of the post-fire community and herb regeneration. Higher-intensity fires totally burn out secondary minerals like magnesium and micronutrients like manganese at extremely high temperatures. They also volatilize nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium in the soil and kill microorganisms.  Some nutrients were more readily available by the burning of soil organic matter (OM), such as N, P, and S, while others were volatilized. Controlled fire did not result in any significant changes to the nutrients or physico-chemical composition of soil and can be utilized as an efficient management technique to reduce the harm caused by wildfires to soil. Remote sensing and GIS technology are the highly advanced tools used to detect forest fires, calculate burned areas and determine of changes in land use. As a tool for predicting fires, remote sensing, and GIS are highly essential. Hence it is important to understand how fire affects the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of forest ecosystems.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Elakiya N.
J. K. K. Munirajah College of Agricultural Science (Affiliated to TNAU), Gobichettipalayam - 638506, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Keerthana G.
Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India.

 

Safiya S.
J. K. K. Munirajah College of Agricultural Science (Affiliated to TNAU), Gobichettipalayam - 638506, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v8/12197F

Influence from Eutrophication of Soil in the Brazilian Savanna Vegetation | Chapter 5 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 The aim of whole was to display if exists a relation middle from two points eutrophic processes of soil (N, P, K, pH, and organic matter) accompanying phytosociology mosaic of native wood species in Brazilian adjacent garbage dump areas of the grassland. In recent decades, eutrophication has enhance a significant global question. About the studies areas, individual of them is situated in the city of Brasilia (Federal District) and the other one usually city Goiânia of the state Goiás, 120 km continuously between two together cities. The used methods was some methods and an electronically package to this purpose. For the purpose of administering a vegetation and soil survey, plots and subplots were used each region. A equivalence between eutrophic processes of soil and the phytosociological collage of indigenous savanna sapling species was illustrated statistically.

Author(s) Details:

Otacílio Antunes Santana,
Department of Biofísic and Radiobiology, Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife - PE, Brazil.

José Imaña-Encinas,
Department of Forestry, University of Brasília, Brasília - DF, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V7/article/view/10532

Nutrition and Life-style Scenario of Mothers from Industrial and Non-Industrial Regions of Czech Republic| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 11

 The present study speculated that diet and existence style of mothers in those two communes concede possibility be still touched by their economic position. Food supplies minerals and gives strength. Nutrients are essential for human health, but likewise different compounds stretch to be recognized in foods, and their energy features are appropriate better implicit.The respondents were a deliberate sample of founders from two domains of the Czech Republic – parishes of Ceske Budejovice (CB, N=376) and Karvina (KA, N=449). Selected communes were chosen for their distinctness on the way contamination, with CB being individual of the slightest violated and KA individual of the most stained domains/parishes in the Czech Republic. Data were composed in maternity nursing homes in the age 2019 and 2020.The adulthood of accused (98.5%) described their financial position not completely as average. They more consumed routine not completely individual hot food. In Karvina founders occurring every day nibble fish, fowl, legumes and again sweet food and deep-fried food than in Ceske Budejovice, place are occurring every day drank creamery products. Information about energy risk are main for change of their practices. In two together regions, the adulthood of founders in our study ranked their emotional economic position as being sufficient. Higher devouring of fruits and salads, wholegrain money, complaint, and net as well as lower use of sweet drinks and caused meats were all guide better business-related conditions.Notably the devouring of products and produce in the mechanical region has ascend distinguished accompanying premature data, that is an bettering hopeful a better offset position for the new generation.

Author(s) Details:

Ingrid Baloun,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic and Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Olga Dvorackova,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic and Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Simona Simkova,
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Radim J. Sram,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V11/article/view/9284

Describing the Role of Aerobic Microorganisms in the Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Laboratory Contaminated Groundwater | Chapter 1 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 The role of aerobic bacteria in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater was investigated in this study. A nutrient-treated groundwater sample was compared to an untreated water sample. At day 56, the percentage elimination of total hydrocarbon content in the water treated with nutrients and the untreated water sample (natural attenuation) was 89 and 74, respectively. The number of total heterotrophic and total hydrocarbon-using bacteria rose over time in all experimental samples. Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Flavobacterium sp. were among the bacteria isolated. At the end of day 56, the total petroleum hydrocarbon in water samples treated with nutrient and untreated water sample decreased from 15.33955 mg/L to 3.90361 mg/L and 9.49634 mg/L, respectively. At day 56, the physicochemical assessments were within the World Health Organization's drinking water standard. The aerobic bacteria found in the water samples used total petroleum hydrocarbons in laboratory contaminated groundwater; however, treatment with nutrient resulted in better elimination of the hydrocarbon pollutants.

Author (S) Details

O. Aleruchi
Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

G. O. Abu
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V1/article/view/3759

Determining the Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Periodontal Health and Disease | Chapter 10 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4

 The role of micronutrients has been extensively studied in recent decades, with the conclusion that proper daily nutrition and a proper balance of antioxidants, probiotics, natural agents, vitamin D, and calcium should be included in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. The impact of nutraceutical dietary aliments on oral and overall health has recently piqued interest in the literature. An imbalance between host defence and environmental factors including smoking, poor nutrition, and a large percentage of periodontopathogenic bacteria is usually the cause of periodontal illnesses, chewing problems, and many destructive oral inflammatory diseases. For these reasons, It's also crucial to pay attention to plaque control and boosting host resistance by quitting smoking, reducing stress, and eating a nutritious diet. Numerous clinical and experimental research have found a substantial link between periodontitis and a variety of systemic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung disease, and pregnancy difficulties. The goal of this chapter was to examine the impact of diet, micronutrients, and macronutrients on oral health, as well as to present a current and thoughtful viewpoint on the interaction between diet and natural agents on oral and periodontal disorders, using a right clinical approach.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Gaetano Isola
Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V4/article/view/3378

Recent Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemicals, Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Leaves | Chapter 9 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 Plant-based medicines have the advantages of being convenient, safe, and having a wide spectrum of action. An ethnobotanical and ubiquitous plant provides abundant natural drug tools for research and development. In Southern Nigeria, the vegetables Ocimum gratissimum (fam. Lamiaceae) ‘Scent leaf' and Vernonia amygdalina (fam. Asteraceae) ‘Bitter leaf' are widely eaten. The ‘Igbos' of South East Nigeria use O. gratissimum to flavor soups and stews, while the ‘Yorubas' of South West Nigeria use it to treat stomach problems. V. amygdalina is a well-known West African vegetable that is used for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. The widespread consumption of these vegetables prompted the current research, which aimed to establish the food compositions, mineral constituents, and phytochemicals of the two vegetables. Saponins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, hormones, alkaloids, phenolics, and anthraquinones were found in both vegetables after qualitative examination of the aqueous extracts. V. amygdalina had higher levels of secondary metabolites than O. gratissimum, with saponin being the highest at 5.710.12 mg/g and 3.520.01 mg/g, respectively. Terpenoids were next at 5.640.11 mg/g and 3.400.11 mg/g in V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum. The two vegetables do, however, contain a trace amount of anthraquinone. The macro elements and proximate analysis were calculated using various standard methods. In V. amygdalina and O. gratisimum, proximate analysis showed the presence of moisture (12.28 0.02 percent and 10.01 0.01 percent, respectively), protein (35.370.11 percent and 22.200.02 percent), and total ash (6.000.20 percent and 5.750.10 percent). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, and zinc were among the minerals found. The highest concentrations of zinc (46.80 0.03 mg/kg and 58.000.12 mg/kg) were found in V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum, respectively, followed by copper (9.450.11 mg/kg and 16.60 0.03 mg/kg). V. amygdalina has higher levels of phytochemicals and food components, while O. gratissimum has higher mineral content. These two vegetables are possible sources of complementary medicine components.

Author (s) Details

Nkoli M. Mgbemena
Department of Chemistry, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria.

Ngozi F. Amako
Department of Chemistry, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V4/article/view/909

Analysing the Impact of Nutritional and Environmental Epigenetics on Human Health and Disease | Chapter 9 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Environmental epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors influence cellular epigenetics and, as a result, human health. To control gene expression, epigenetic marks change the spatial conformation of chromatin. Behaviours, diet, and contaminants and industrial toxins are all environmental factors that have epigenetic implications. Environmental exposures can damage the foetus by impairing the epigenome of the developing organism to alter disease risk later in life. Epigenetic pathways are also involved during development in utero and at the cellular level, so environmental exposures may harm the foetus by impairing the epigenome of the developing organism to change disease risk later in life. Bioactive food components, on the other hand, can cause protective epigenetic changes throughout life, with early life nutrition being especially significant. Beyond their biology, an individual's overall health status can be thought of as a synthesis of several environmental signals that begin during pregnancy and function through epigenetic modifications. This analysis looks at how the epigenome is influenced by the environment in health and disease, with an emphasis on cancer. Understanding the molecular effects of action, nutrients, and contaminants may aid in the development of preventative measures and personalised health programmes. Furthermore, epigenetic drugs may represent a potential strategy for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, by restoring cellular differentiation. A better understanding of epigenetic effects and the signalling pathways triggered by bioactive food components will help in determining the function and potential benefit of nutrients in improving our health and lowering cancer risk.

Author(s) Details

Céline Tiffon
50 rue des vignes 92000 Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V3/issue/view/57

A Mini Review on Nutrition and Oral Health | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

Nutrition is an important component of systemic health because it helps to maintain a balance between the good and ill states. It plays an important role in preserving oral health as part of our daily diet and as a supplement. This article focuses on the importance of different nutrients in preserving oral health. When nutritional and dietary supplements are used in combination with medicinal or mechanical care for various oral diseases, the outcomes are better. Clinicians and health-care staff should consider dietary modifications as a way to achieve extra benefits during the recovery process.

Author (s) Details

Nireeksha
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India.

Mithra N. Hegde
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India.

Suchetha Kumari N.
Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V1/issue/view/38

Tidal Influence on Nutrients Status and Phytoplankton Population of Okpoka Creek, Upper Bonny Estuary, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 5

 Okpoka Creek in the Niger Delta's Upper Bonny Estuary is a tidal creek that receives organic anthropogenic effluents from its surroundings. The study looked into the impact of low and high tides on phytoplankton species structure, diversity, abundance, and distribution. From May 2004 to April 2006, surface water and phytoplankton samples were collected monthly from ten stations at both tides using standard methods. Microscopically, phytoplankton was found. Normal indices were used to measure species diversity. Analysis of variance, Duncan multiple range, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results. Phosphate and ammonia levels in natural water bodies surpassed international acceptable levels of 0.10 mg/L, suggesting a high nutrient status, organic matter, and possible contaminants. A total of 158 phytoplankton species were discovered. The phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms (62.9 percent ). Diatom diversity indices were 1.50.03 (Margalef) and 0.80.01 respectively (Shannon). Pollution-indicator species such as Navicula microcephala, Nitzschia sigma, Synedra ulna (diatoms), Cladophora glomerata (green alga), Euglena acus (euglenoid), Anabeana spiroides (blue-green alga), Ceratium furca (dinoflagellate), and Cladophora glomerata (green alga To - the inflow of contaminants from the Bonny Estuary into this Creek caused by tidal impact, environmental monitoring on the Upper Bonny Estuary is recommended.

Author (s) Details

Prof. O. A. Bubu-Davies
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Professor O. A. Ugwumba
Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 900001, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V5/issue/view/36