A Study of the Seawater Quality Around Halmahera Islands, North Maluku, Indonesia | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

 

Halmahera is one of the largest islands in North Maluku, Indonesia. The island is rich in valuable minerals like gold and nickel, and it also has abundant marine resources. In September 2005 (transition monsoon), a research survey was carried out in the waters around Halmahera, because September is a transitional season, where in this month there is a change of season from the east season to the west season, which affects water conditions. This study aims to monitor seawater quality in relation to fisheries and tourism interests. The study looked at both physical and chemical seawater quality parameters. The physical parameters measured included temperature, salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and light transmission, while the chemical parameters were nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate),  dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity (pH), and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni). The results showed that the seawater quality was generally suitable for fisheries and tourism activities and still met the standards set for Indonesia’s seawater quality.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Edward Edward
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Radjab
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Yanrizal Yanrizal
Faculty of Technical Geology , Bandung Technology Institute, Bandung, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Sam Wouthuyzen
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Teddy Triandiza
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Marsya J Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ancol, Indonesia.

 

Intan Rubiyanti
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

RDA Opier
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ancol, Indonesia.

 

Agus Dendi Rochendi
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, Indonesia.

 

Sulistiono
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Frensly D Hukom
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Teguh Peristiwady
Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Yunia Witasari
Reserach Center for Limnology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7087

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Sediment Composition in the Seawaters of Jakarta Bay |Chapter 2 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

This research aimed to monitor water quality by observing total Persistent Organic Pollutants (PAH, OCP and PCB), total suspended solids (TSS) levels, and the percentage of sediment in Jakarta Bay. The study was carried out in March and May 2013. Surface seawater samples were taken with a water sampler at 16 research stations (8 in the west and 8 in the east). PAH, OCP, and PCB were analysed using chromatographic methods, and TSS was determined using the gravimetric method, while sediment composition was determined using the Wentworth and Shepard method.  The stored procedure is used to evaluate the status of seawater quality.  The results showed that in the west, PAH average concentration ranges from 7.852-36.518 ppb, in the east from 12.451-108.517 ppb, OCP from 7.660-7.852 ppt, in the east from 5.030-6.444 ppt, and PCBs from 3.680-18.183 ppt, in the east from 2.694-9.817 ppt. This concentration has passed the threshold value stated by the Ministry of Indonesia for marine life. TSS concentration in the west ranged from 20.05-30.414 mg/l, in the east from 23.90-34.55 mg/l, which also exceeds the threshold value for biota. Sediment percentage in the west ranged from 91.767-99.056% and in the east from 99.240-99.999%.  All stations' water quality ranged from -1.5 to -10, or the Class B category (light polluted).

 

 

Author(s) Details

Edward
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Sam Wouthuyzen
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Lusyana
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Marsya J Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Rajab
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Intan Rabiyanti
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Sulistiono
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Teddy Triandiza
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

ROD Ophier
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6171

Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Seawater and Sediment of Cimandiri River Estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu, Indonesia | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are polycyclic aromatic organic compounds that are toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the pollution level of PAH compounds in seawater and sediment at the estuary of Cimandiri River, Pelabuhan Ratu. This research was conducted in April 2017. Seawater and sediment samples were taken using a water sampler and sediment grab sampler at 15 research stations. The concentration and types of PAHs compounds were determined by using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer, and PAH origin with individual ratios diagnostic. The results showed the total PAH concentration in seawater ranged from 0.0001-0.0117 ppb and in sediment ranged from 0.001-0.003 ppm. These values are still in line with the criteria of the seawater and sediment quality guidelines. The PAH types were dominated by the low molecular weight PAHs, particularly naphthalene. The results of the diagnostic analysis of individual PAH ratios indicated that PAHs in seawater were derived from various sources such as petroleum, petroleum, and organic matter combustion, meanwhile, the source of PAHs in sediment cannot be identified because many PAH compounds with high molecular weight are not detected.

Because many PAH high molecule weight compounds are not detected.

Author(s) Details:

Edward,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Innovation Research Agency (BRIN), Jalan Pasir Putih Raya No 1 Ancol Timur Jakarta Utara, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAEGES-V2/article/view/14210

Operational Optimization of 1000L Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Economical Mass Production of Halophilic Microalgal Strain Pseudanabaena limnetica (Lemm.) Komárek | Chapter 8 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

 Microalgae have happened widely used in industrial requests around the realm for centuries, but large-scale nurture of algae in photobioreactor (PBR) is still backing many challenges in terms of cost of construction, order size, culture sustainability, and output. The production of algal feedstock is prevented by the inability to change laboratory studies into field scaleups. This stage focuses on the research conducted for the construction of a cheap flat panel PBR structure and optimisation of its operational plans. The microalgal strain chosen for mass nurture is the indigenous halophilic variety, Pseudanabaena limnetica (Lemm.) Komárek, which can withstand extreme heat and high light force in summer season and can be of age in seawater. Therefore, evident seawater has happened used in this research study of economical biomass production. Three scales of airlift panels have existed developed for the flat panel PBR method, ranging from 8L up to 250L. The ranges of the airlift panels are as follows: 1st : 25 cm x 38 cm x 10 cm (8L), 2nd : 50 cm x 70 cm x 20 cm (60L), 3rd : 100 cm x 110 cm x 28 cm (250L). A study was attended to optimize the air flow rate and the size of the sparger pore for enough aeration (CO2) and mixing. Physical parameters like, Sparger speed (v) m/s along with change in Reynolds number (Re), detail velocity of gas (Usg), vapor holdup (ε) was studied for their effectiveness to support algal growth. Likewise, optimization of other main parameters like light force, inoculum size was carried out in workshop condition and correlated with the biomass result. Each PBR was operated nature after optimization. Energetic power devouring was also discussed in addition to its cost estimation and total biomass output as well as the functional feasibility of the PBR systems grown. After optimizing the functional strategy for the working of PBRs in testing room and outdoor environments, it was found that 60L flat panel was ultimate suitable for large-scale sophistication of P. limnetica. Therefore, attempts have existed made to construct and congregate 1000L PBR using 60L PBR wholes in outdoor conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Chaitanya Sampat Magar,
Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), 5th Floor, NSIC Business Park, NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi-110020, India.

Manjushri Arun Deodhar,
Botany Research Laboratory, Botany Department, KET’s V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mithagar Road, Mulund East, Mumbai 400081, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V7/article/view/12901

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Lean Duplex Steel in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 1

 Duplex stainless steels (DSS) offer a desirable combination of austenitic and ferritic characteristics and are widely utilised in petrochemical, pulp and paper, and other industries. They outperform standard austenitic stainless steels in terms of corrosion resistance, particularly chloride stress corrosion and chloride pitting corrosion, as well as strength. They are a good contender for the offshore oil and gas industry because of these factors. Weight loss measurements, electrochemical corrosion tests, and a slow strain rate test were used to explore the stress corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steel in a 3.5 percent sodium chloride solution in this work (SSRT). After 1700 hours of weight reduction, there was no substantial corrosion. In a 3.5 percent NaCl solution, an electrochemical polarisation test revealed a consistent corrosion rate of 0.008 mpy and passivity in the range of 735–950 mV Vs SSC. In a 3.5 percent NaCl solution, a comparison of the slow strain rate test for duplex stainless steel revealed a similar stress-strain behaviour. The stress-strain behaviour of mild steel, on the other hand, exhibited a loss of roughly 25% elongation. The excellent corrosion and, in particular, pitting resistance of DSS was thought to be responsible for its ductility.

Author (s) Details

Muhammad Shahid
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Ammer K. Jadoon
British Petroleum Ltd, UK.

Qanita Tayyaba
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Hina Farooq
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V1/article/view/2179