Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Sediment Composition in the Seawaters of Jakarta Bay |Chapter 2 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 3

 

This research aimed to monitor water quality by observing total Persistent Organic Pollutants (PAH, OCP and PCB), total suspended solids (TSS) levels, and the percentage of sediment in Jakarta Bay. The study was carried out in March and May 2013. Surface seawater samples were taken with a water sampler at 16 research stations (8 in the west and 8 in the east). PAH, OCP, and PCB were analysed using chromatographic methods, and TSS was determined using the gravimetric method, while sediment composition was determined using the Wentworth and Shepard method.  The stored procedure is used to evaluate the status of seawater quality.  The results showed that in the west, PAH average concentration ranges from 7.852-36.518 ppb, in the east from 12.451-108.517 ppb, OCP from 7.660-7.852 ppt, in the east from 5.030-6.444 ppt, and PCBs from 3.680-18.183 ppt, in the east from 2.694-9.817 ppt. This concentration has passed the threshold value stated by the Ministry of Indonesia for marine life. TSS concentration in the west ranged from 20.05-30.414 mg/l, in the east from 23.90-34.55 mg/l, which also exceeds the threshold value for biota. Sediment percentage in the west ranged from 91.767-99.056% and in the east from 99.240-99.999%.  All stations' water quality ranged from -1.5 to -10, or the Class B category (light polluted).

 

 

Author(s) Details

Edward
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Sam Wouthuyzen
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Lusyana
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Marsya J Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Rajab
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Intan Rabiyanti
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Sulistiono
Bogor Agriculture Institute, Indonesia.

 

Teddy Triandiza
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

ROD Ophier
Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Ambon, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v3/6171

Assessment of Clay Mining Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Critical Comprehensive Review | Chapter 9 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

Unconsolidated surface materials of the Earth are rich in various minerals, with clay being among the most naturally abundant and functionally diverse. Natural clay, a fine-grained soil material, consists predominantly of minerals smaller than 2 µm and is primarily composed of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Due to its low permeability, clay plays a vital role in groundwater conservation, often acting as a natural seal that supports aquifer systems and serves as an effective geotextile material. However, the increasing demand for clay in various industrial applications has led to intensified mining activities. These practices involve the disruption and excavation of surface layers, causing significant environmental disturbances. Mined clay particles exhibit strong adsorption properties, enabling them to bind with and neutralize pollutants in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Despite this beneficial characteristic, large-scale clay extraction has resulted in widespread ecological damage, especially to aquatic ecosystems. This review focuses on the environmental implications of excessive clay mining, emphasizing its contribution to the contamination of topsoil, subsoil, surface water, and groundwater. Particular emphasis is placed on the negative impacts on groundwater reserves, aquifer integrity, freshwater habitats (both flowing and still), sediment quality, and marine ecosystems.

 

Author (s) Details

Anju P S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Jaya D S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/5271

Analysis of Strontium and Lead Isotopic Ratios in Environmental Matrices Using ICP-MS | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 8

Determining the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratio in environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-Q-MS) can be performed to explore this ratio as a tracer of the pollution source. The isotopic ratios of Sr in environmental samples have strong regional variations usually controlled by the underlying geology. This fact allows the creation of methodologies by which these elements can be used as traceability indices to determine the origin of metals. Lead isotopic ratios are often monitored to identify the isotopic fingerprint and as tracers to differentiate natural and anthropogenic lead.

This work presents the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb isotope compositions of 40 samples of river waters and sediments from regions of Romania using the ICP-MS technique. This method makes it possible to determine isotopic compositions precisely, which is important for researching processes like environmental change, geological origins, and pollution tracing. Studying isotope ratios can reveal important information about natural versus man-made influences in a variety of environmental settings.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Cezara Voica
National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

 

Andreea Maria Iordache
National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, Ramnicu Vâlcea, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v8/4862

Phosphorus Dynamics in Water and Sediments and its Associated Hydrological Coupling with Environmental Characteristics of the Cochin Backwaters - Southwest Coast of India | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 11

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient that plays a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. Sediment phosphorus is an active component of phosphorus cycling in an estuary whose availability and movement play important roles in eutrophication. Release of phosphorus from sediments accelerates eutrophication in an estuary but the key process responsible for this phenomenon remains unclear. Depending upon the physicochemical characteristics, sediment-bound phosphorus can function as a source or sink for phosphorus to the overlying water column of an estuary. Understanding phosphorus sorption phenomena in sediments is important in regulating the availability of phosphorus in an estuary. A spatiotemporal study on dissolved inorganic phosphorus and phosphorus fractionation in sediments within the estuarine system of Cochin that is under the influence of freshwater runoff from rivers and saline water intrusion from sea reveals a hydrological coupling process with environmental parameters (e.g., tidal currents, pH and salinity) will facilitates our understanding about the sorption phenomena that regulating phosphorus cycling and ecological functioning of this ecosystem. The various fractions of phosphorus detected in sediments were iron-bound inorganic and organic phosphorus, calcium-bound inorganic and organic phosphorus, acid-soluble organic phosphorus, and alkali-soluble organic phosphorus. The main phosphorus pool identified in sediments of the Cochin estuary is calcium and iron-bound phosphorus compound which exerts a major control on dissolved inorganic phosphate concentration present in the water column. The heavy river runoff during the monsoon considerably lowers the water column's pH and salinity, enhancing phosphorus's adsorption from water to sediments. In contrast, the seawater incursion during the pre-monsoon increases the pH and salinity of the water column which enhances the desorption of phosphorus from sediments to the water column. Thus, during the monsoon period, sediments act as a sink of phosphorus that is derived from land-based sources, while during the pre-monsoon period, they function as a source of phosphorus to the overlying water column, both of which can alter the eutrophication events in the estuary. An increase in phosphorus availability in the water column of this eutrophic system can influence ecosystem productivity by intensifying nitrogen limitation which can encourage the growth of algae and other heterotrophic organisms with high phosphorus requirements. Precipitation/flocculation of dissolved inorganic phosphate within the estuarine salinity gradients (~ 15 – 30 psu), followed by its adsorption/desorption with iron oxy-hydroxides and calcium carbonate minerals that settle towards bottom sediments governs the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the Cochin backwaters.

 

Author (s) Details

 Rejomon George
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India and Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.

 

Martin, G.D.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India and Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.

 

Sini Jacob
Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.

 

Biju, A.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India and St. Stephens College, Pathanapuram, Kerala, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v11/4454

Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Seawater and Sediment of Cimandiri River Estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu, Indonesia | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are polycyclic aromatic organic compounds that are toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the pollution level of PAH compounds in seawater and sediment at the estuary of Cimandiri River, Pelabuhan Ratu. This research was conducted in April 2017. Seawater and sediment samples were taken using a water sampler and sediment grab sampler at 15 research stations. The concentration and types of PAHs compounds were determined by using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer, and PAH origin with individual ratios diagnostic. The results showed the total PAH concentration in seawater ranged from 0.0001-0.0117 ppb and in sediment ranged from 0.001-0.003 ppm. These values are still in line with the criteria of the seawater and sediment quality guidelines. The PAH types were dominated by the low molecular weight PAHs, particularly naphthalene. The results of the diagnostic analysis of individual PAH ratios indicated that PAHs in seawater were derived from various sources such as petroleum, petroleum, and organic matter combustion, meanwhile, the source of PAHs in sediment cannot be identified because many PAH compounds with high molecular weight are not detected.

Because many PAH high molecule weight compounds are not detected.

Author(s) Details:

Edward,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Innovation Research Agency (BRIN), Jalan Pasir Putih Raya No 1 Ancol Timur Jakarta Utara, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAEGES-V2/article/view/14210

The Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water, Sediments, and Medaka Fish (Oryzias sp) of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

 Fifteen arrangement polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the sediments and salt solution of Citarum Irrigation Structure (CIS), Pakis Jaya, Karawang Regency. The samples were analysed with liquid-liquid ancestry for brackish water, soxhlet extraction for sediments, and Oryzias chum. As a part of bioindicator incident to recognize pollutants accompanying small fish of the type Oryzias, this study was conducted to determine the baseline status of PAHs allocation and sources in water containing salt, sediments, and Oryzias fish. The ecological risk of PAHs in sediments was further evaluated. Concentrations of fifteen USEPA PAH based on GCMS study in seawater, sediments, and Oryzias angle vary from 1782 to 2386.88 ng/L, 113 to 405 ng/g, and 5.39-16.47 ng/g, respectively. Established the diagnostic ratio of PAH compounds, the potential beginnings of PAHs originated principally from pyrogenic sources. The status of waste from this Oryzias fish habitat was thought-out to be depressed polluted with PAHs.

Author(s) Details:

Edward,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Deny Yogaswara,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Ita Wulandari,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V5/article/view/12679

Radioanalytical Method for the Measurement of Activity of 210Po and 210Pb in Soil and Sediment| Chapter 4 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.6

 The seasonal change of 210Po and 210Pb in the soil and sediment of the Hemavathi River Environment is discussed in this paper. The concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in the samples was evaluated using a conventional radiochemical analytical method during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons, the mean activity concentration of 210Pb in soil was determined to be 12.19 Bq kg-1 and 5.41 Bq kg-1, respectively. In monsoon and pre-monsoon, the mean activity concentration of 210Pb in sediment was determined to be 12.87 Bq kg-1 and 6.17 Bq kg-1, respectively. In soil, the average activity concentration of 210Po is 7.18 Bq kg-1. In soil and sediment, the mean activity concentration ratio between 210Po and 210Pb is 1.54 and 0.66, respectively. In comparison to the pre-monsoon, activity was strong during the monsoon. In both soil and sediment, monsoon activity was higher than pre-monsoon. Organic matter and 210Pb activity concentrations in soil and sediment were found to be highly correlated in both seasons. Increases in organic matter and clay, as well as moisture, all contributed to a rise in 210Pb activity concentration.

Author(s) Details:

C. S. Kaliprasad,
Department of Physics, BMS college of Engineering, Bangalore -19, India.

B. N. Beena Ullala Mata,
Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, BMS college of Engineering, Bangalore -19, India.

Yerol Narayana,
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore -574199, India.

Please see the link here:  https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V6/article/view/5785

Study on Source and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water and Coastal Sediment from the Ngoua River in Douala, Cameroon | Chapter 10 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The goal of this monitoring project is to identify the source and distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ngoua River water and coastal sediments. The identification and quantification of 15EPA-PAHs in water and sediment samples collected from the Ngoua River in Douala, Cameroon are reported in this research. The PAH pollution in the Ngoua River had to be assessed by identification and quantification. During the dry and wet seasons, water and sediment samples were taken. Eight (8) samples were collected, with four samples each season and substrate. The PAHs fraction was extracted from water using magnetic agitation and hexane as a solvent. Using a chromatographic column, PAHs were separated, identified, and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC/FID). During the wet season, the total concentration in sediment ranged from 140.42 g/g to 229.47 g/g dry materials, and during the dry season, it ranged from 48.89 g/g to 333.49 g/g dry matters. Due to industrial operations, high Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs predominated in all samples. The quantities of PAHs discovered upstream were consistently lower than those found downstream, indicating a role for Nettoycam Company in local PAH contamination. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant differences in the features of samples taken upstream and downstream of Nettoycam Company, as well as samples collected during rainy and dry seasons. The overall content of PAHs in river samples ranges between 29.13 to 461.94 g/L, according to examinations of extracts from water samples. PAHs with two or three rings have low quantities and are even undetectable in some tests. PAHs with more than four rings had the highest quantities in the river, regardless of seasonal change. Some ratios revealed a prevalence of petroleum sources of hydrocarbons.

Author (S) Details

Ze Bilo’o Philemon
Laboratory of Refining and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, The University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 08 Kaele, Cameroon and Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Jessie Ekoka Christelle Solange
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Ngassoum Martin Benoit
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3857

An Assessmental Study on the Determination of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Fish Farms in Bangladesh | Chapter 7 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 2

 Despite scarce scientific work on revier sediemtn and fish in Bangladesh, heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is often most evident in sediments, but unfortunately no work has yet been published particularly on heavy metal contamination of fresh water fish farm sediments. In order to assess the environmental contamination of the selected fish farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, heavy metals in mud surface sediments have been found. Surface sediment samples (0-15 cm) were collected with a single core sampler from 20 fish farm ponds in February 2014 and analysed to measure the concentrations (mg/Kg DW) of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr). In the current analysis, the calculated concentration of heavy metals was in the order of Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd, which is very similar to other pond mud sediment results. The mean Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni concentrations observed in the present study were 208, 14.845, 0.009, 63.0544, 63.0544. And 58.665 mg/kg respectively, respectively. In total sediments, the range of measured concentrations (mg/kg) was 11.5-18.5 for Pb, 0.007-0.011 for Cd, 53.5-77.3 for Cr, 50.8-66.4 for Ni and 100-250 for Zn. In all sediment samples, the concentrations of Zn and Ni were above the guidelines of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for highly polluted sediments and the concentration of Cr dropped below the moderately polluted range. As per USEPA, the metal concentrations of Pb and Cd are far below the controlled level. The study results therefore showed that the consistency of the pond mud sediment in the Mymensingh area could be regarded as highly and moderately contaminated for Zn, Ni and Cr, respectively.

Author (s) Details

Md. Jahangir Sarker
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Indrani Kanungo
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Mehedi Hasan Tanmay
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Md. Shamsul Alam Patwary
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/288

Toxicology of Nickel | Chapter 14 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 4

The study was carried out in Eagle Island River, located in Mgbuosimini community, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In this study, the concentration of Nickel (Ni) in sediments and periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) were determined from 25 sample stations in Eagle Island River. The portion of the periwinkle that was assayed was the edible part. The assay was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean±SD of Ni concentrations in sediments and periwinkles were 2.77±1.05 mg/kg and 6.25±1.98 mg/kg respectively. The mean concentration of Ni was higher in periwinkles than in sediments. The correlation coefficient between Ni concentrations in sediment and periwinkle was 32.7%. Following the increasing industrial activities and waste disposal in the water body, the need to regularly determine the concentrations of this heavy metal in the water, aquatic lives and sediments is imperative in order to uphold environmental and human health protection.

Author(s) Details
Amadi, Fyneface Chikadibia 
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Emeji, Roseline
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology, Nigeria.

Konne, Felix Eedee 
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Jacob, Ransom Baribefii
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/167