Assessment of Heavy Metals and Associated Human Health Risks in Catfish from Mafisa and Boma Road, Morogoro River | Chapter 7 | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Physical Experiences in Morogoro, Tanzania

 

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), are toxic elements that cause significant environmental pollution and consequently health risk. This project aimed at finding the concentration of heavy metals in fish at Morogoro municipal by using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) as the analytical technique. The study was conducted in two sites of the Morogoro River that passes the Mafisa area and the Boma road. The measurements were carried out for Lead(Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu) from Industrial Area of Mafisa and results were 0.84,0.05,0.14,0.18,4.50,2.20 mg/kg while that of natural area of Boma Road were 0.12, Not detected,0.08,0.04,0.25,2.30,0.90 mg/kg respectively. The three values of Mafisa, Boma Road and FAO/WHO were compared and found to be completely different. It is concluded that consuming fish from polluted zones such as Mafisa may cause significant health hazards, especially due to long-term exposure to toxic metals like mercury and lead. This study evaluated the concentration levels of selected heavy metals in Clarias gariepinus collected from Mafisa and Boma Road. Assessment of the potential non-carcinogenic health risks to fish consumers in the region was conducted using risk indices such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Reference Dose (RfD) and Hazard Index (HI). HI for Mafisa exceeds 1.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yusuf Ismail Koleleni
Physics Department, Muslim University of Morogoro, P.O. Box 1031, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-78-7/CH7

Assessment of Clay Mining Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Critical Comprehensive Review | Chapter 9 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

Unconsolidated surface materials of the Earth are rich in various minerals, with clay being among the most naturally abundant and functionally diverse. Natural clay, a fine-grained soil material, consists predominantly of minerals smaller than 2 µm and is primarily composed of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Due to its low permeability, clay plays a vital role in groundwater conservation, often acting as a natural seal that supports aquifer systems and serves as an effective geotextile material. However, the increasing demand for clay in various industrial applications has led to intensified mining activities. These practices involve the disruption and excavation of surface layers, causing significant environmental disturbances. Mined clay particles exhibit strong adsorption properties, enabling them to bind with and neutralize pollutants in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Despite this beneficial characteristic, large-scale clay extraction has resulted in widespread ecological damage, especially to aquatic ecosystems. This review focuses on the environmental implications of excessive clay mining, emphasizing its contribution to the contamination of topsoil, subsoil, surface water, and groundwater. Particular emphasis is placed on the negative impacts on groundwater reserves, aquifer integrity, freshwater habitats (both flowing and still), sediment quality, and marine ecosystems.

 

Author (s) Details

Anju P S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Jaya D S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/5271

Impact of Microplastics and Heavy Metals on Fish Health in the Kathajodi River, Odisha, India: A Micronucleus and Hematological Study | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 4

The present study highlights the critical issue of water pollution in the Kathajodi River and its detrimental effects on aquatic life, particularly through the lens of hematological and genetic damage in fish. Utilizing the micronucleus assay as a biomarker for pollution provides a valuable methodology for assessing environmental health and the impact of anthropogenic activities on ecosystems. Water pollutants include contamination due to domestic wastes, insecticides, herbicides, food processing wastes, water pollution from livestock operations, organic compounds, heavy metals, domestic wastes, chemicals waste and others. Kathajodi River water is highly polluted. The alkalinity, hardness, and pH of water have changed in the last few years. Plastics, city sewage and industrial waste are released into the river for drainage purposes. Microplastics and Heavy metals like Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, and K quantity increase and microplastics have the quality to absorb heavy metals to form dangerous compounds which cause hematological and genetic damage to the aquatic ecosystem. Fish are the best biomarkers to find out the threats towards aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution causes hematological damage as well as genetic damage and the formation of micronucleus. Water sample analysis occurs by evaporation method for extraction of heavy metals and microplastic particles. Fish species like Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrihinus reba were collected from the several stations of Cuttack 20.44⁰N 85.88⁰E to 20.46⁰N -85.89⁰E area and for Hematological study blood was collected by puncturing the caudal vein. Micronucleus assays were done by use of the Giemsa staining method as a result it shows formation of micronucleus and DNA damage which indicates the presence of high levels of pollutants in the water of River Kathajodi Cuttack Odisha. Genotoxic pollution of aquatic ecosystems describes the introduction of contaminants with mutagenic teratogenic and carcinogenic potential into the principal media and genome of the resident organism. Increasing levels of pollutants produce a stressful environment which causes hematological, nuclear and DNA damage somehow creating a question mark regarding the effect of this on human health.

 

Author (s) Details

Subhashri Priyadarsini
Giet University Gunupur, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v4/2669