Assessment of Heavy Metals and Associated Human Health Risks in Catfish from Mafisa and Boma Road, Morogoro River | Chapter 7 | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Physical Experiences in Morogoro, Tanzania

 

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), are toxic elements that cause significant environmental pollution and consequently health risk. This project aimed at finding the concentration of heavy metals in fish at Morogoro municipal by using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) as the analytical technique. The study was conducted in two sites of the Morogoro River that passes the Mafisa area and the Boma road. The measurements were carried out for Lead(Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu) from Industrial Area of Mafisa and results were 0.84,0.05,0.14,0.18,4.50,2.20 mg/kg while that of natural area of Boma Road were 0.12, Not detected,0.08,0.04,0.25,2.30,0.90 mg/kg respectively. The three values of Mafisa, Boma Road and FAO/WHO were compared and found to be completely different. It is concluded that consuming fish from polluted zones such as Mafisa may cause significant health hazards, especially due to long-term exposure to toxic metals like mercury and lead. This study evaluated the concentration levels of selected heavy metals in Clarias gariepinus collected from Mafisa and Boma Road. Assessment of the potential non-carcinogenic health risks to fish consumers in the region was conducted using risk indices such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Reference Dose (RfD) and Hazard Index (HI). HI for Mafisa exceeds 1.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yusuf Ismail Koleleni
Physics Department, Muslim University of Morogoro, P.O. Box 1031, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-78-7/CH7

Effect of Exposure and Withdrawal of Disodium Arsenate Heptahydrate on Gills of Highly Nutritious Catfish Clarias batrachus.: A Histopathology and Histochemical Study | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

Gills, the main respiratory organs of Clarias batrachus; local name MANGUR are studied after long-term exposure (90 days) and withdrawal (90 days) of sublethal concentration (1 ppm; 1/10th of LC50 for 96 hours) of disodium arsenate heptahydrate using histopathological and histochemical techniques. Gills of C. batrachus are lodged in suprabranchial chamber located on either side of the head and hence always remain in direct touch with external aquatic stressors including the arsenic salts. Following exposure, extensive congestion and wear and tear in the blood channels of the secondary gill lamellae are noticed. Normal ladder like configuration of vascular component of the gills gets dismantled leading to haemorrhages and oozing of blood on the gill surface. Damaged gills often show the fusion of adjacent primary gill lamellae at certain places. Density and area occupancy and staining properties of mucous cells are altered and show extensive periodic fluctuations at various periods of exposures. The staining property of the mucous cells and their secretions on surface is however more inclined towards the sulphated glycoproteins indicating their requirements for metal binding and removal. Ninety (90) days of exposed fish when returned to normal tap water showed significant but incomplete recovery among the gill filaments. Epithelial cell hyperplasia still persists. Mucogenic properties of gills continued to remain altered.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ajai Kumar Singh
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Ulhasagar-421 003, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v10/4149

The Reversal of Self-Poisoning in Bronze and Albino corydoras: A Recent Study | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 7

 The Albino Corydoras is a Bronze Corydoras variety that has progressed through the aquarium trade. They usually have a pale pink body and red eyes. Because these Albino corydoras are produced exclusively for the commercial ornamental fish trade, they are usually injected with a brilliant red dye, rendering them blind. Corydoras is a genus of freshwater catfish belonging to the Callichthyidae family and the Corydoradinae subfamily. Corydoras are little fish that range in size from 21 to 100mm in length, with an average of 57mm. They can defend themselves against predators thanks to their unique ability to use their body armour scales and sharp, commonly deadly spines. In addition, the Corydoras have the ability to self-poison when threatened, which is a typical feature of many Cory species. This allows them to discharge deadly mucus from their gills, causing nearby fish to perish quickly. Self-poisoning puts the Corydoras under a lot of stress, and it often leads to death. In Bronze Corydoras and Albino Corydoras, this research focuses on the process of self-poisoning and how it can be reversed. The goal of this research is to educate marine biologists and aquarium hobbyists about possible reversing mechanisms that could save many Corydoras' lives.

Author(S) Details

Sarah Hamade
Eastern Michigan University, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V7/article/view/5117

Determination of Some Biochemical Indices in Catfish from Rivers, Swamp and Commercial Fish Ponds in Oil and Non-oil Polluted Areas in Rivers and Anambra States, Nigeria: A Comparative Assessment | Chapter 9 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 The ability of activated carbon (CSAC) and polypyrrole coated sawdust (PPy/SD) obtained from the fruit of Cordia sebestena's gardening plant material to adsorb acid orange -7 from aqueous solutions was examined. The adsorption method is a viable treatment option, particularly if the adsorbent is affordable and easily available. Variations in experimental parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature were used to conduct batch mode adsorption investigations. The kinetic data for both adsorbents was analysed using pseudo first order and pseudo second order models at various concentrations and temperatures. Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to analyse the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic research were also taken into consideration. Finally, CSAC's performance was compared to that of PPy/SD. The experimental results showed that PPy/SD is more effective than CSAC at removing Acid Orange 7 from aqueous solutions.

Author (S) Details

F. C. Anacletus
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

G. E. Bekibele
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

S. C. Onuoha
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

K. T. Nwauche
Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Unit), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Rhema University, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V4/article/view/4328