Effect of Exposure and Withdrawal of Disodium Arsenate Heptahydrate on Gills of Highly Nutritious Catfish Clarias batrachus.: A Histopathology and Histochemical Study | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

Gills, the main respiratory organs of Clarias batrachus; local name MANGUR are studied after long-term exposure (90 days) and withdrawal (90 days) of sublethal concentration (1 ppm; 1/10th of LC50 for 96 hours) of disodium arsenate heptahydrate using histopathological and histochemical techniques. Gills of C. batrachus are lodged in suprabranchial chamber located on either side of the head and hence always remain in direct touch with external aquatic stressors including the arsenic salts. Following exposure, extensive congestion and wear and tear in the blood channels of the secondary gill lamellae are noticed. Normal ladder like configuration of vascular component of the gills gets dismantled leading to haemorrhages and oozing of blood on the gill surface. Damaged gills often show the fusion of adjacent primary gill lamellae at certain places. Density and area occupancy and staining properties of mucous cells are altered and show extensive periodic fluctuations at various periods of exposures. The staining property of the mucous cells and their secretions on surface is however more inclined towards the sulphated glycoproteins indicating their requirements for metal binding and removal. Ninety (90) days of exposed fish when returned to normal tap water showed significant but incomplete recovery among the gill filaments. Epithelial cell hyperplasia still persists. Mucogenic properties of gills continued to remain altered.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ajai Kumar Singh
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Ulhasagar-421 003, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v10/4149

Studies on Gross, Histomorphological, Histochemical and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Pecten Oculi in Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Guinea chicken (Numida meleagris) Pecten Oculi were examined for gross, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies on their 18 eyes. There are 13 to 17 accordion (pectineal) folds in the pecten oculi. These snake-like accordion folds began at the cauda of the optic nerve and travelled distally into the vitreous humour via the fundus. The shape of pecten oculi was similar to that of a water-based sailboard. Pecten oculi's maximum average length and height were found to be 3.3780.061 mm and 5.9130.074 mm, respectively. Microscopically, the pecten oculi resembled a festoon of blood capillaries, with elastic, collagen, and reticular fibres that matched the structure of a spring diving board, which operates according to Hook's law. Melanocytes, melanosomes, and melanin granules were found in and surrounding pecten oculi blood capillaries. It is separated into three sections: the peak, the middle third, and the base. In the apex, the largest concentration of melanin was found. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the pecten oculi was found to be very low histochemically. Glycogen activity was shown to be high in the optic nerve and collagen fibres of pectineal capillaries. Nucleated erythrocytes were seen ultrastructurally at the luminal area of pectineal blood capillaries with a tight intercellular endothelial connection. Primary and secondary lamellae containing pigment depositing globules were found in the luminal region of pectineal capillaries. Pecten oculi of Guinea fowl includes different anatomical properties as a haemostatic organ, phagocytosis, supplying source of energy to vitreous after diffusion, protecting eye from UV sunlight radiation, supplementing of nourishment, and providing oxygen to the retina to maintain visual acuity.

Author (S) Details

Pratiksha Mishra
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal science, Udaipur, Rajasthan (RAJUVAS), India.

Balwant Meshram
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal science, Udaipur, Rajasthan (RAJUVAS), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3708