Ultrastructural Pathology of Oligodendrocytes and Myelinated Fibers in Prefrontal white Matter in Schizophrenia | Chapter 12 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 In this place chapter, we proposed to perform a subjective and morphometric study of the ultrastructure of oligodendrocytes in BA 10 white matter (WM) in emotional disorder and in normal controls and to present ultrastructural alterations of myelinated  fibers previously discovered in BA 10 WM in schizophrenia distinguished to normal controls.Power microscopy and morphometry were used in the study. The size, capacity density (Vv), and number (N) of oligodendrocyte organelles were calculated in 21 patients accompanying schizophrenia and 20 normal controls. The dossier were examined utilizing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality. Pearson equivalence analysis was used to expect probable friendships between the limits measured and age, review after death interval, neuroleptic treatment, and affliction duration.In emotional disorder, we detected oligodendrocyte increase, vacuolation, a lack of ribosomes and mitochondria, and an accumulation of lipofuscin granules when distinguished to controls. Morphometry revealed a solid decrease in Vv and N of mitochondria and an increase in Vv and N of lipofuscin granules and vacuoles in schizophrenia oligodendrocytes distinguished to controls. Abnormalities of myelinated fibers in WM in emotional disorder compared to normal controls contained altered oligodendrocyte/axon interplay and myelin/axon integrity, axonal disintegration and degeneration of myelin sheaths and myelinated fibers.Alterations of oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers in emotional disorder provide evidence for the upset of their energy, lipid and protein absorption in prefrontal WM. Abnormalities in oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers power disturb axonal integrity and circuits and contribute to the pathophysiology of emotional disorder.

Author(s) Details:

Uranova N. A.,
Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V7/article/view/12767

L-DOPA/Capsazepine or L-DOPA/Rimonabant Co-Administration in an Experimental Parkinson Disease Model: Behavioral and Cellular Consequences | Chapter 05 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The ability of rimonabant or capsazepine with the addition of L-DOPA in: (1) the severity of LIDs, the dyskinetic effects were assessed using measures of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs); (2) the protection of dopaminergic cell loss; and (3) the cytological differences between treatments were assessed by analysing the number of dendritic spines of the striatal medium-sized spiny neurons and the neuropile preservatio were assessed using the 6-OH LIDs were dramatically reduced when each antagonist was given orally with L-Dopa. Our findings show that combining L-DOPA with CB1 or TVPR1 receptor antagonists results in a highly effective treatment for reducing AIMs while preserving some functioning dopaminergic cells, implying that the synaptology of less denervated striatum is conserved. As a result, cannabinoid antagonist-based therapy would not only be directed at treating specific motor symptoms but also at delaying/stopping the degeneration of striatal and substantia nigra compacta cells, according to other research.

Author(S) Details

José Luis Ordoñez-Librado
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Ana Luisa Gutierrez-Valdez
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Jesus Espinosa-Villanueva
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Enrique Montiel-Flores
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Patricia Aley-Medina
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Javier Sánchez-Betancourt
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Claudia Dorado-Martínez
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Leonardo Reynoso-Erazo
Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Rocío Tron-Alvarez
Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

Vianey Rodríguez-Lara
Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.

Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.

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Studies on Gross, Histomorphological, Histochemical and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Pecten Oculi in Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Guinea chicken (Numida meleagris) Pecten Oculi were examined for gross, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies on their 18 eyes. There are 13 to 17 accordion (pectineal) folds in the pecten oculi. These snake-like accordion folds began at the cauda of the optic nerve and travelled distally into the vitreous humour via the fundus. The shape of pecten oculi was similar to that of a water-based sailboard. Pecten oculi's maximum average length and height were found to be 3.3780.061 mm and 5.9130.074 mm, respectively. Microscopically, the pecten oculi resembled a festoon of blood capillaries, with elastic, collagen, and reticular fibres that matched the structure of a spring diving board, which operates according to Hook's law. Melanocytes, melanosomes, and melanin granules were found in and surrounding pecten oculi blood capillaries. It is separated into three sections: the peak, the middle third, and the base. In the apex, the largest concentration of melanin was found. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the pecten oculi was found to be very low histochemically. Glycogen activity was shown to be high in the optic nerve and collagen fibres of pectineal capillaries. Nucleated erythrocytes were seen ultrastructurally at the luminal area of pectineal blood capillaries with a tight intercellular endothelial connection. Primary and secondary lamellae containing pigment depositing globules were found in the luminal region of pectineal capillaries. Pecten oculi of Guinea fowl includes different anatomical properties as a haemostatic organ, phagocytosis, supplying source of energy to vitreous after diffusion, protecting eye from UV sunlight radiation, supplementing of nourishment, and providing oxygen to the retina to maintain visual acuity.

Author (S) Details

Pratiksha Mishra
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal science, Udaipur, Rajasthan (RAJUVAS), India.

Balwant Meshram
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal science, Udaipur, Rajasthan (RAJUVAS), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3708