Biopigment from Marine Soil Bacteria Citricoccus sp. | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 10

Despite the complications in the isolation of pigments from natural resources, microbial pigments are increasingly gaining the attention of researchers because of their potential to be used in the textile, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food industries, etc. The aim of this study is to isolate, and characterize pigmented bacteria from marine soil and optimize the culture condition for optimum pigment production. The yellow-pigmented bacteria were isolated on a nutrient agar medium and screened for motility, gram staining, and biochemical tests.  The study mainly focused on using microbial pigment for dyeing cotton fabrics and woolen threads. We found out that the rate of pigment production was increased by optimizing the pH and temperature along with supplementing 1% glycerol as carbon and 0.5% beef extract as nitrogen sources. The pigment was extracted using methanol as solvent and was characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy whose values and phytochemical analysis results proved that the pigment belongs to the carotenoid group. Through 16s rRNA sequencing the bacteria was identified as Citricoccous sp.

 

 

Author(s) Details

D. Ezhil
Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Meignanalakshmi
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

B. Haritha
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v10/2

 

Assessment of Clay Mining Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Critical Comprehensive Review | Chapter 9 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

Unconsolidated surface materials of the Earth are rich in various minerals, with clay being among the most naturally abundant and functionally diverse. Natural clay, a fine-grained soil material, consists predominantly of minerals smaller than 2 µm and is primarily composed of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Due to its low permeability, clay plays a vital role in groundwater conservation, often acting as a natural seal that supports aquifer systems and serves as an effective geotextile material. However, the increasing demand for clay in various industrial applications has led to intensified mining activities. These practices involve the disruption and excavation of surface layers, causing significant environmental disturbances. Mined clay particles exhibit strong adsorption properties, enabling them to bind with and neutralize pollutants in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Despite this beneficial characteristic, large-scale clay extraction has resulted in widespread ecological damage, especially to aquatic ecosystems. This review focuses on the environmental implications of excessive clay mining, emphasizing its contribution to the contamination of topsoil, subsoil, surface water, and groundwater. Particular emphasis is placed on the negative impacts on groundwater reserves, aquifer integrity, freshwater habitats (both flowing and still), sediment quality, and marine ecosystems.

 

Author (s) Details

Anju P S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Jaya D S
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/5271

Exploring the Titanic Accident: Investigating its Impact on Marine Tourism | Chapter 2 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

Since that fateful and chilly dawn of April 15, 1912, the world has witnessed the construction of larger ships, some already dismantled or lying, solitary, in the darkness of the bottom of the oceans and others still in circulation. However, no other ship has become as famous and significant for popular naval and imaginary history as the Royal Mail Ship Titanic. The RMS Titanic joined the imagination of the navy, literature, and cinema. It fed the dreams and nightmares of generations, from the one from 1912 who was perplexed to receive the news of the disaster to the present generation that has it in the ambivalence of an engineering feat of its time, as well as a fruit of the arrogance of its creators.

Its history is known to all and its data is used in many studies. It should be mentioned that these data are composed of records of various variables and various natures. In addition, they are easily generalizable to several other situations.

In this study, the researchers will make use of the regression models. This model is one of the most important statistical tools in data analysis when the objective is to study relationships between variables, or more particularly, to analyze the influence that one or more variables (explanatory variables) may have on a variable of interest (response variable).

The purpose of this study is to describe in detail the construction of this type of model using a dataset on the Titanic tragedy. Not forgetting the limitations. Understanding these limitations is crucial for making informed decisions about when and how to use linear regression and when alternative methods might be more appropriate.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Nascimento Cunha,
Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências (ISEC Lisboa -Portugal), Member of the Scientific Council of CIAC – Centro de Investigação de Artes e Comunicação, Portugal.

Jorge Figueiredo,
Universidade Lusíada de Famalicão, Portugal.

Isabel Oliveira,
Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Portugal.

Macaes, Manuel,
Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V9/article/view/13324