The Widening Gap in Basic Education: A Brief Overview | Chapter 12 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

News media often suggest that schools are not teaching practical skills. Depending on the story the practical skills named include balancing a check book, maintenance of proper hygiene, finding public and social services, avoiding pollution, how best to re-cycle materials and even how to change diapers. Despite claims that education is not addressing basic education and so-called life skills, such claims must be weighed against what various constituencies count as basic and more so, life-skills. Most decidedly the inclusion of instruction first in natural frequency evaluation and then in Bayesian reasoning is critical as Gigerenzer and coauthors have shown in “The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior” in 2015. Certainly, there is a cost to the inclusion of any material especially as proposed herein. But the cost when it leads to more effective evaluations of truth across the curriculum is worth it considering the “Law of Figuring it Out, LFTO as proposed by Paul A. Wagner in “Thinking Ahead: Engaging All Teachers in Critical Thinking” in 2018. This study explains why Gigerenzer’s focus on statistical reasoning across the curriculum advances the concept behind a generalized commitment to evaluative reasoning as is proposed in the LFTO. The sketch to follow proposes that the fourth “r” reasoning includes instruction in statistical thinking to make all students more mindful of LFTO practices when seeking understanding rather than mere recollection skills. Modification of material in mathematics, social studies, science, and where it exists, philosophy for children, can emphasize the importance of justification as indispensable to genuine insight.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Paul A. Wagner
Educational Statistics and Psychology, College of Education, University of Houston, Clear Lake, USA.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v1/4533

Current Status and Future Prospects of Interdisciplinary Literature Reading among University Educators and Students | Book Publisher International

This study investigates interdisciplinary literature borrowing patterns among educators and students at Nanjing Normal University from 2014 to 2023, utilizing comprehensive borrowing records and advanced analytical techniques. By employing network diagrams created with Gephi, the research visualizes the connections among readers within various academic departments, shedding light on cross-disciplinary interactions and the extent of engaged reading. The study further explores gender differences in borrowing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic through chi-square tests, revealing disparities across liberal arts and science disciplines. Using factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and K-means clustering, the research identifies key factors influencing borrowing patterns and categorizes books based on demographic trends. Additionally, survival analysis with the Kaplan-Meier estimator provides insights into borrowing timelines, while binary logistic regression highlights significant predictors of category membership. A log-linear analysis delves into the intersections of gender, category, and undergraduate status, enhancing the understanding of diverse reading behaviors. Visual tools, including word cloud maps and co-borrowing network diagrams, enhance the data presentation, illustrating popular themes and repeated borrowing trends. This multifaceted methodological approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities of interdisciplinary engagement in literature, offering valuable insights for university libraries to better align their collections with the evolving needs of the academic community.

 

Author (s) Details

Jiexuan Liu
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-18-8

Examining the Attainment Gap in Academic Performance of Minoritised Ethnic Groups for a STEM Related Subject, Discrete Mathematics | Chapter 5 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

This study addresses the attainment gap in academic performance for students of minoritised and non-minoritised ethnicity, studying Discrete Mathematics, an undergraduate university level module, whereby an investigation of the effect of an intervention in one of the assessments is undertaken and statistically analysed. Education that is inclusive is essential for the development of a more equitable society; a crucial component of education systems that seek to enhance educational quality and equity for all students.  There is a notable achievement difference in the educational system between students from minority ethnic backgrounds and their peers, and the attainment gap experienced by UK higher education students is cause for concern. The varied academic achievement of these groups is known as attainment, and the pupils from Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic populations have all experienced setbacks due to institutional bias, financial disadvantage, and cultural barriers. However, there are obstacles to putting this strategy into practise, such as the need for suitable pedagogical techniques and assistance for students from different ethnic circumstances. Creating inclusive teaching methods in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects that consider the linguistic and cultural diversity of the student is necessary to address these hindrances. Higher educational institutions can contribute to reducing the achievement gap for minoritised ethnic groups and fostering greater equity and social mobility by encouraging the teaching and study of modules in a responsive manner. Continuous analysis and study on the discrepancies faced by the students at their institutions should be performed to reduce this gap whilst promoting diversity. Moreover, a comparison over two academic years relative to the overall academic performance of students, considering the minoritised ethnic cohort, is accomplished so as to measure the approach’s validity. The results from the performance ratio, t-test, hypothesis testing, effect size, chi-squared test, categorical variable analysis and the Cronbach alpha measure, all feed into and confirm the reliability of the study hence validating the positive impact of the intervention. This study recognises that in order to pave the way forward and succeed in addressing fully the issue of the attainment gap, a post-racial approach must be taken, and a range of strategies must be considered at module, course and university level.

Author(s) Details:

Anastasia Sofroniou,
School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, St. Mary’s Road, London W5 5RF, United Kingdom.

Bhairavi Premnath,
School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, St. Mary’s Road, London W5 5RF, United Kingdom.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V7/article/view/14022

Exploring the Titanic Accident: Investigating its Impact on Marine Tourism | Chapter 2 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

Since that fateful and chilly dawn of April 15, 1912, the world has witnessed the construction of larger ships, some already dismantled or lying, solitary, in the darkness of the bottom of the oceans and others still in circulation. However, no other ship has become as famous and significant for popular naval and imaginary history as the Royal Mail Ship Titanic. The RMS Titanic joined the imagination of the navy, literature, and cinema. It fed the dreams and nightmares of generations, from the one from 1912 who was perplexed to receive the news of the disaster to the present generation that has it in the ambivalence of an engineering feat of its time, as well as a fruit of the arrogance of its creators.

Its history is known to all and its data is used in many studies. It should be mentioned that these data are composed of records of various variables and various natures. In addition, they are easily generalizable to several other situations.

In this study, the researchers will make use of the regression models. This model is one of the most important statistical tools in data analysis when the objective is to study relationships between variables, or more particularly, to analyze the influence that one or more variables (explanatory variables) may have on a variable of interest (response variable).

The purpose of this study is to describe in detail the construction of this type of model using a dataset on the Titanic tragedy. Not forgetting the limitations. Understanding these limitations is crucial for making informed decisions about when and how to use linear regression and when alternative methods might be more appropriate.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Nascimento Cunha,
Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências (ISEC Lisboa -Portugal), Member of the Scientific Council of CIAC – Centro de Investigação de Artes e Comunicação, Portugal.

Jorge Figueiredo,
Universidade Lusíada de Famalicão, Portugal.

Isabel Oliveira,
Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Portugal.

Macaes, Manuel,
Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V9/article/view/13324

Essentials of Research Methodology | Book Publisher International

 Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic. Quite frequently these days people talk of research, both in academic institutions and outside. Several research studies are undertaken and accomplished year after year. But in most cases very little attention is paid to an important dimension relating to research, namely, that of research methodology. The need, therefore, is for those concerned with research to pay due attention to designing and adhering to the appropriate methodology throughout for improving the quality of research. Keeping all this in view, the present book has been written to enable health researchers, in developing the most appropriate methodology for their research studies and to make them well versed with the fundamentals of epidemiology and biostatistics. It is hoped that the humble effort made in the form of this book will assist in the accomplishment of exploratory as well as result-oriented research studies.

Author(s) Details:

Charu Khurana,
SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ERM/article/view/12109

Soil, Water and Plant Analysis | Book Publisher International

 Soil properties are highly variable within the short distance(s), collection of correct representative sample is critical for accurect result and interpretation, strategic sample collecton considering the soil formation factors such as parent material, climate and topography (including slope and aspect) is very important, in this chapter the statistical approach is provided for possible sample size of obtaining precise analysis result, and also provides the procedures for soil sample analysis.

Water is also known as universal solvent, sensitive to the contamination with development of society. Regular analysis of water quality is pivotal with today’s changing society. In this chapter, it provides the procedures of water quality analysis.

This chapter provides the procedures of plant analysis. Such analysis is attempted to well address the problems of nutrient availability caused by natural and man-made factors.

In this chapter, it provids the procedures for soil pedological studies including soil morphological features, wheathering indices and profile studies, etc. This chapter is very important for the UG/Post Graduate students and biginers.

This section is attempted to cover some of the important biochemical properties which are highly related with soil and agronomical management such as lignin, fiber, carbonhydrate and sugar content etc. for organic matter decomposition and maintaining soil health.

In this chapter, the principles of instruments used in soil analysis are discussed. The students may benefit from this chapter.

Author(s) Details:

Naorem Janaki Singh,
School of NRM, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam – 793103, Meghalaya, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SWPA/article/view/11311

Prevalence of Partial or Total Tooth Loss in the Monastir Region, Tunisia: A Recent Study | Chapter 09 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Contrary to popular opinion, tooth loss with age is not unavoidable; in fact, even while its occurrence rises with age, it can be avoided.

The epidemiology of extracted teeth and the prevalence of partial and total edentulism in the Monastir region, as well as prosthetic rehabilitation, are investigated in this thesis. It also aims to uncover the pathogenic factors linked to tooth loss, as well as compare these findings to those of other similar studies.

The discussion of the findings adds to the case for enhancing dentistry's approach in the future.

Author(S) Details

H. Chraief
University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Oral Health and orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V4/article/view/5546

Deming’s: Management’s Responsibility for the Utilization of Statistical Techniques in Industry | Chapter 14 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 William Edwards Deming said in his primary work released in 1953 that better quality through the use of statistical techniques can give enterprises with a competitive edge. He also claimed that in order to accomplish a larger and more effective use of these tools, senior management should understand organisational challenges in addition to becoming familiar with the results of statistical methods. This study examines Deming's initial assumption and evaluates its contribution and lessons for the present post-industrial era, in which BIG Data is gathered and exploited by many companies across a wide range of industries in order to obtain a competitive advantage through statistical analysis. It also dispels the popular idea that analytics-based competition is something fresh and novel, serving as a wake-up call for managers in analytically challenged organisations who will suddenly be underinvesting in a function that has been around for over half a century.

Author (S) Details  

 David Fogarty

Baruch College, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York University, University of Liverpool / City University of New York, New York, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V6/article/view/4145

Assessing Effective Teaching of Statistics Using the History of Analytics | Chapter 4 | Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 9

There are a variety of techniques that math and statistics teachers have used to make statistics more engaging and hence improve student success. One of these strategies is to connect the app to something intriguing. However, going back into the history of why these techniques were invented in the first place is an often ignored method of making statistics more fascinating. This rich history can often provide pupils with a more logical orientation, which can help them learn more and be more engaged in the classroom. The goal of this project was to investigate strategies to improve statistics education in the classroom by bringing statistics history into the curriculum. This study looks at some of the historical aspects of statistics and explains how adding this material in a learning plan might assist students learn the topic.

Author (S) Details

David J. Fogarty
University of Phoenix, University of Liverpool, Columbia University and Trident University, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPLLE-V9/article/view/3595

Investigation on the Sequestration of Divalent Metal Ions Employing Animal Waste | Chapter 1 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 3

 Heavy metal ions are harmful to the environment when their quantities reach certain limits. Because of their ubiquitous use in industries, they have received a lot of attention in terms of reducing and eliminating them. To chelate these toxicants in environmental samples, it is important to produce unique materials in the environment. The current study seeks to investigate the sorption capacity of Goat Hooves, a no cost material, in the process of removing Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous medium, based on the requirement for generating zero cost sorbent. After suitable treatment (TGH), goat hooves are submitted to Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy investigations to identify functional groups and describe surface morphology, respectively. Batch equilibration tests are carried out to see how different operating parameters, such as particle size, dosage, beginning concentration, contact time, and pH, affect the final product. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms are used to model the acquired data. Among the other generated models, the Langmuir plot had greater linearity, indicating monolayer adsorption, which was followed by Pb(II) – TGH and Cd(II) – TGH. Furthermore, when applied to the optimal circumstances of the batch trials, statistical tool analyses using SPSS 20 software revealed a strong correlation value.

Author (S) Details

N. Muthulakshmi Andal
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.

N. S. Gayathri
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.

J. Anuradha
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V3/article/view/2947

Study on Gamification of the Subjects on Statistics: An Approach towards Designing an Escape Room | Chapter 1 | Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 7

 Education, as a collection of approaches, has suffered from a lack of innovation in recent years. Despite the fact that ICTs were used in many classrooms at all levels of education, something was missing. As a result, gamification emerged as a potential solution to this problem. As a result, the goal of this project is to design an educational Escape Room for use in higher education, as well as to analyse data gathered from an ad hoc questionnaire. After finishing the game, the participants of the pilot experience completed a questionnaire. Furthermore, ICTs are offered as a solution. solution to cope with COVID-19 standards while also lowering installation costs in terms of both money and time The findings demonstrate that there are significant relationships between many aspects of the game, and overall pleasure is high. As a result, despite the time and effort required, installing an educational Escape Room appears to be beneficial to kids.

Author (S) Details

F. Sánchez-Cubo
University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPLLE-V7/article/view/2866

Global Development on Causes, Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer: An Advanced Study | Chapter 12 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 17

 Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, and it is a major health concern for men. Every year, an estimated 1.3 million new cases are diagnosed, and these cases result in the deaths of nearly 360,000 men, accounting for about 3.8 percent of all male cancer-related deaths in 2018. The global incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are linked to men's age, with the average age of diagnosis being 66 years old. Prostate cancer is frequently asymptomatic or has few symptoms in the early stages of the disease, and there is little to no need for therapy at this time. Prostate cancer symptoms are similar to those of prostatic enlargement in the early stages. However, as prostate cancer progresses, more painful symptoms may emerge. The key marker used to detect prostate cancer is elevated levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). A biopsy of the prostate gland can be used to confirm the diagnosis. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the causes, epidemiology, aetiology, and risk factors of prostate cancer around the world, since we believe this is an important approach to keep up to speed on this growing health danger to men.

Author (S) Details

Bandar T. Alenezi
Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom.

Mohammed H. Alsubhi
Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom.

Xi Jin
Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.

Gang He
Sichuan Antibiotics Industrial Institute, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China.

Qiang Wei
Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.

Youqiang Ke
Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V17/article/view/2615

Mathematical Modeling: With Applications in Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering, Edition-2 | Book Publisher International

 A mathematical model is an abstract model that describes the behaviour and evolution of a system using mathematical terminology. Mathematical models are frequently employed in a variety of scientific and technical domains (such as physics, biology, chemistry and engineering). Continuous time and discrete time dynamical systems (using differential equations and difference equations, respectively), statistical models, partial differential equations, and game theoretic models are all examples of mathematical models. Mathematical modelling plays a critical role in identifying problems that arise in our daily lives. Experimental data is commonly interpreted using mathematical and computational models. Models can also assist us in describing our thoughts about how various phenomena in the world operate. We strive to translate those beliefs and images into mathematical language through mathematical modelling. This transition is really advantageous. Math is, first and foremost, a precise and delicate language. Second, we may quickly create concepts and discover the fundamental assumptions. In mathematics, the controlled rules assist us in manipulating the problem. In a nutshell, we use results that have already been proven by mathematicians over hundreds of years in mathematical modelling. In order to do numerical simulations and calculations, computers are essential. Although many real-world systems are too complex to model, we may solve this problem by identifying the most significant aspects of the system and including them in the model, while leaving the rest out. The model equations and desired manipulations can then be handled via computer simulations.

Author(s) Details

Tahmineh Azizi
Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, USA.

Bacim Alali
Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, USA.

Gabriel Kerr
Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MMAPBCE-E2/article/view/1950

Probability and Thermodynamics | Chapter 7 | Theory and Practices of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

In view of the dense system P ≫ L, when P indistinguishable balls are randomly distributed among L distinguishable boxes, our natural intuition tells us that the box with the average number of P/L balls has the highest probability and that none of the boxes are empty; however, the probability of the empty box is always the highest in fact. This fact is contrary to the sparse P ≫ L method (i.e. the distribution of energy in gas) in which the average value is most probable. Here we show that a practical "long tail" distribution is obtained when we postulate the requirement that all possible configurations of balls in the boxes have equal probabilities. When applied to sparse systems, this formalism converges into distributions where the average is favored. Some of the distributions resulting from this postulate are determined and most of the established distributions in nature are obtained, namely: Zipf's law, Benford's law, energy distributions of particles, and more. Further generalization of this new method not only yields much better forecasts for elections, surveys, distribution of market share among competing firms, and so on, but also a convincing probabilistic explanation for Planck's popular empirical finding that a photon's energy is hv. This paper unifies surveyors, gamblers and economists' regular likelihood estimates with physicists' calculations, thus allowing for the application of statistical physics methods in economics and life sciences.

Aurthor(s) Details:

Oded Kafri
Kafri Nihul Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V6/issue/view/6