Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Seawater and Sediment of Cimandiri River Estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu, Indonesia | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are polycyclic aromatic organic compounds that are toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the pollution level of PAH compounds in seawater and sediment at the estuary of Cimandiri River, Pelabuhan Ratu. This research was conducted in April 2017. Seawater and sediment samples were taken using a water sampler and sediment grab sampler at 15 research stations. The concentration and types of PAHs compounds were determined by using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer, and PAH origin with individual ratios diagnostic. The results showed the total PAH concentration in seawater ranged from 0.0001-0.0117 ppb and in sediment ranged from 0.001-0.003 ppm. These values are still in line with the criteria of the seawater and sediment quality guidelines. The PAH types were dominated by the low molecular weight PAHs, particularly naphthalene. The results of the diagnostic analysis of individual PAH ratios indicated that PAHs in seawater were derived from various sources such as petroleum, petroleum, and organic matter combustion, meanwhile, the source of PAHs in sediment cannot be identified because many PAH compounds with high molecular weight are not detected.

Because many PAH high molecule weight compounds are not detected.

Author(s) Details:

Edward,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Innovation Research Agency (BRIN), Jalan Pasir Putih Raya No 1 Ancol Timur Jakarta Utara, Indonesia.

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The Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water, Sediments, and Medaka Fish (Oryzias sp) of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

 Fifteen arrangement polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the sediments and salt solution of Citarum Irrigation Structure (CIS), Pakis Jaya, Karawang Regency. The samples were analysed with liquid-liquid ancestry for brackish water, soxhlet extraction for sediments, and Oryzias chum. As a part of bioindicator incident to recognize pollutants accompanying small fish of the type Oryzias, this study was conducted to determine the baseline status of PAHs allocation and sources in water containing salt, sediments, and Oryzias fish. The ecological risk of PAHs in sediments was further evaluated. Concentrations of fifteen USEPA PAH based on GCMS study in seawater, sediments, and Oryzias angle vary from 1782 to 2386.88 ng/L, 113 to 405 ng/g, and 5.39-16.47 ng/g, respectively. Established the diagnostic ratio of PAH compounds, the potential beginnings of PAHs originated principally from pyrogenic sources. The status of waste from this Oryzias fish habitat was thought-out to be depressed polluted with PAHs.

Author(s) Details:

Edward,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Deny Yogaswara,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Ita Wulandari,
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V5/article/view/12679

Pollution Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water and Coastal Sediment from two Rivers in Douala-Cameroon | Chapter 10 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of environmental danger posed by two rivers by examining the distribution of PAHs in their water bodies and sediment. The Mboppi River and the Ngoua River, both in Douala, Cameroon, were researched. The first is in a commercial zone, while the second is in an industrial zone. During the dry and wet seasons, water and sediment samples were taken. During the wet season, total PAH concentrations in sediment from the Ngoua River ranged from 140.42 g.g-1 to 229.47 g.g-1 dry matter in sediment, while during the dry season, total PAH concentrations in sediment ranged from 48.89 g.g-1 to 333.49 g.g-1 dry matter in sediment. The overall quantity of PAHs in the Ngoua River was found to range between 29.13 to 461.94 g.L-1 in extracts from water samples. Due to industrial operations, high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs predominated in all samples. PCA revealed significant changes in the characteristics of samples obtained upstream and downstream of Nettoycam Company along the Ngoua River or Mboppi Market along the Mboppi River, as well as samples collected during rainy and dry seasons. PAHs with two or three rings have low amounts and are even undetectable in some sediment samples, yet they are detected in both rivers' water samples. All of the examined media (water and sediment) from the rivers are hazardous to the environment. The Toxicity Equivalent (TEQ) concentration was used to determine the toxicity of the substance.

Author(S) Details

Ze Bilo’o Philemon
Laboratory of Refining and Petrochemistry, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries (ENSMIP), The University of Maroua, P.O. Box 08, Kaele – Cameroon and Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere – Cameroon.

Mouthe Anombogo Ghislain Arnaud
Department of Environmental Sciences, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua (ENSPM), The University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon.

Jessie Ekoka Christelle Solange
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere – Cameroon.

Ngassoum Martin Benoit
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere – Cameroon.


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Study on Source and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water and Coastal Sediment from the Ngoua River in Douala, Cameroon | Chapter 10 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The goal of this monitoring project is to identify the source and distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ngoua River water and coastal sediments. The identification and quantification of 15EPA-PAHs in water and sediment samples collected from the Ngoua River in Douala, Cameroon are reported in this research. The PAH pollution in the Ngoua River had to be assessed by identification and quantification. During the dry and wet seasons, water and sediment samples were taken. Eight (8) samples were collected, with four samples each season and substrate. The PAHs fraction was extracted from water using magnetic agitation and hexane as a solvent. Using a chromatographic column, PAHs were separated, identified, and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC/FID). During the wet season, the total concentration in sediment ranged from 140.42 g/g to 229.47 g/g dry materials, and during the dry season, it ranged from 48.89 g/g to 333.49 g/g dry matters. Due to industrial operations, high Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs predominated in all samples. The quantities of PAHs discovered upstream were consistently lower than those found downstream, indicating a role for Nettoycam Company in local PAH contamination. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant differences in the features of samples taken upstream and downstream of Nettoycam Company, as well as samples collected during rainy and dry seasons. The overall content of PAHs in river samples ranges between 29.13 to 461.94 g/L, according to examinations of extracts from water samples. PAHs with two or three rings have low quantities and are even undetectable in some tests. PAHs with more than four rings had the highest quantities in the river, regardless of seasonal change. Some ratios revealed a prevalence of petroleum sources of hydrocarbons.

Author (S) Details

Ze Bilo’o Philemon
Laboratory of Refining and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, The University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 08 Kaele, Cameroon and Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Jessie Ekoka Christelle Solange
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Ngassoum Martin Benoit
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

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Study on Health Risk Assessment of Levels of Some Toxic Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Some Commercial Soft Drinks Commonly Consumed among Students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria | Chapter 5 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 1

 Food safety is an increasing concern around the world, especially given the relatively large number of soft drinks in the beverage market and their high consumption rate, particularly among youngsters. It's critical to assess the quantities of hazardous metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) residues in soft drinks, which, if present in excess of legal limits, could constitute a major public health danger. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 16 commercial soft drinks sold in Awka using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and a Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The obnoxiousThe assessment was carried out utilising the United States Environmental Protection Agency's approach (USEPA). The results were compared to the legal drinking water limit established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON), and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) (FEPA). Pb has the greatest mean amount of 0.6116 mg/l, while Hg has the lowest at 0.0028 mg/l. The following is the sequence in which the metals' mean levels increased: Hg As a result, they pose no health risk in this investigation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Hg in the analysed samples is less than 1, indicating that it poses a health risk. Pb levels in 75% of the studied samples had THQ>1, indicating that it poses a health risk. The hazard index (HI>1), which is defined as the total risk of heavy metal toxicity, is larger than one. In the sample, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for Pb, As, and Cd were 6.25 percent, 31.25 percent, and 25 percent, respectively, representing a risk value of (10-6 - 10-4) that was greater than acceptable. The findings are concerning for the general public who are exposed to carcinogenic risk levels for As and Cd.

Author(s) Details

Rose Ngozi Asomugha
Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Chijoke Emmanuel Igwe
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Peace Ukamaka Nome
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Onyinye Mary Uchendu
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Nwamkwere Godson
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.


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Modeling of Heavy Metal (Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Fe) and PAH Content in Stormwater Sediments Based on Weather and Physico-Geographical Characteristics of the Catchment: An Advance Data-Mining Approach | Chapter 8 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The processes that determine the quality of sediment in drainage systems are dynamic and complicated. However, because these topics have not been widely examined in research studies, there is relatively little information available on the effects of both watershed characteristics and meteorological circumstances on sediment chemical properties. The amount of selected heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Fe) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the stormwater drainage systems of four catchments in the city of Kielce, Poland, is reported in this work. The effects of various physico-geographical catchment parameters and atmospheric conditions on pollutant concentrations in sediments were also investigated. Using artificial neural networks, statistical models for forecasting the quality of stormwater sediments were built based on the findings (multilayer perceptron neural networks). The chemical composition of sediments was found to be influenced by a variety of factors, including catchment characteristics and meteorological conditions. Catchment variables (land use, drainage system length) influenced heavy metal concentrations in sediments significantly more than meteorological conditions. The content of PAHs in sediments, on the other hand, was mostly influenced by the catchment's atmospheric conditions. The multilayer perceptron models built for this study performed well in terms of prediction; the mean absolute error of the forecast (Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb) was less than 21%. As a result, the models have a lot of promise, as they might be used in things like spatial planning when environmental factors (such sediment quality in stormwater drainage systems) are taken into account. The construction of forecasting models was the strategy offered in this study. They can be used to aid spatial planning and development in a variety of ways.

Author(s) Details

Lukasz Bak
Department of Geotechnics and Water Engineering, Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce 25-314, Poland.

Bartosz Szelag
Department of Geotechnics and Water Engineering, Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce 25-314, Poland.

Aleksandra Salata
Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce 25-314, Poland.

Jan Studzinski
Systems Research Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-447, Poland.

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