Improving Flywheel Stability through Finite Element Analysis | Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 2

This paper presents a complex approach to the design and analysis of the drive flywheel for a monorail conveyor, covering the theoretical aspects of dimensioning calculations, 3D modeling, and the use of finite element analysis. Siemens NX software application integrates specialized software modules, including computer-aided design (CAD) and the finite element analysis (FEA) module, as well as engineering calculations, including optimization calculations. These tools allowed the simulation of flywheel performance under various operating conditions. After analyzing the initial results, a computer-aided optimization process focused on refining the flywheel geometry was implemented. This process involved the systematic adjustment of key geometric parameters, with the dual objective of minimizing the overall mass of the component and ensuring that internal displacements and stresses remain within allowable limits for safe operation. This iterative approach enabled the identification of a configuration that combines structural efficiency with functional performance. Integrating the three previously mentioned modules from the Siemens NX application allows both the automation of calculations and the significant acceleration of the development process, as well as an optimized constructive solution for the drive wheel. In addition, the ability to rapidly simulate and analyze multiple design variants substantially reduces the time and costs associated with physical prototyping and testing, facilitating a more efficient and agile development cycle for modern industrial products. Besides the practical aspect of the flywheel design, the article also presents the advantage of using software solutions with integrated CAD-FEA optimization modules, which can significantly reduce a product's development time.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Iulian Stanasel
Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Romania.

 

Florin Blaga
Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Romania.

 

Caius Stanasel
University of Oradea, Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v2/4026

Advancing Sustainable Propulsion: A Holistic Examination and Optimization of a Six-Cylinder Compressed Air Radial Engine Design | Chapter 5 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 4

This paper delineates the conceptualization and examination of a radial engine comprising six cylinders powered exclusively by high-pressure compressed air, rendering it an environmentally friendly, zero-pollution propulsion system. The engine harnesses the pressure energy inherent in compressed air to drive the reciprocating motion of pistons within the cylinder configuration, thereby generating mechanical output. The strategic integration of six cylinders not only ensures the requisite engine balance but also augments overall efficiency.

Each pair of cylinders, constituting two in total, features pistons positioned 180 degrees apart in opposing phases. Upon introduction of compressed air into the cylinder, the piston initiates movement from Top Dead Center (TDC) to Bottom Dead Center (BDC), propelled by the pressure energy of the compressed air. Upon reaching BDC, the exhaust port opens, allowing expanded air to exit. This cyclical process unfolds across all six cylinders, sustaining a continuous power generation phase.

The design of the six-cylinder compressed air engine adheres to a standard crankcase using CATIA V5. Employing ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.0, a Finite Element Method is employed to conduct stress analysis. This analysis illuminates stress magnitude variations at critical locations within components such as the piston, crankcase, and connecting rod. Subsequent to the analysis, the dimensions of these components are optimized based on the obtained results.

The stress analysis and optimization of the six-cylinder compressed air engine, focusing on critical components like the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft, revealed a satisfactory level of safety and reliability. Leveraging tools such as CATIA V5 and ANSYS Workbench 14.0, the study meticulously considered material properties, ensuring a robust analysis that affirms the components' durability under various mechanical loads.

The paper further delves into practical implications by proposing the fabrication of the designed engine for physical testing. This move from theoretical analysis to practical validation underscores a commitment to translating innovative designs into tangible, functional prototypes. Additionally, the study's broader implications resonate with the urgent need for environmentally sustainable technologies. In addressing pollution and fossil fuel depletion concerns, the compressed air engine emerges as a promising innovation. The paper advocates for the engine's potential as an alternative fuel source for automobiles, presenting a tangible solution for sustainable transportation. Despite these promising aspects, the paper remains cognizant of the necessity for ongoing research to solidify the compressed air engine's commercial and technical viability, emphasizing the importance of sustained exploration and development in realizing its full potential.

Author(s) Details:

Madhukumar K.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-562157, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technical University, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V4/article/view/13099

Shear Fracture Behaviour of Bonded Joints by Application of the Direct Integration Method | Chapter 4 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 The cut fracture toughness (Gsc) and CZM societies of bonded cheap hangouts were investigated in this study. This was adept using completely-Notched  Flexure (ENF) test geometry. Design can be equip toward lighter constructions utilizing adhesive bonding, not only by way of the immediate burden saving advantages of the links over fastened or welded joints, but still because  of the adaptability to link diverse materials. Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) are a forceful design tool, but they demand the CZM laws of the adhesive bond in tightness and shear as recommendation. The experimental effort complicated characterizing the bond's shear rupture using common and J-integral approaches. Furthermore, the precise arithmetic of the cohesive standard was established using the J-basic technique. Numerical Finite Element (FE) simulations in Abaqus® were acted to assess the correctness of the create CZM laws in envisioning the experimental behavior of the ENF tests, and the verdicts were positive.  The CZM laws of the proven adhesive told a good agreement between examples. As a result of this work, fracture facts in shear for the chosen sticking is provided, permissive the subsequent strength prognosis of bonded cheap hangouts.

Author(s) Details:

R. L. Fernandes,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V4/article/view/10741

Investigating the Structural Behaviour of RC Ribbed Skew Slab by Changing Skew Angle in Feasible Range | Chapter 11 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 2

 The study of skew hunk is quite complicated than those of a common rectangular hunk. This chapter looks at the parametric features of RC un-stiffened and ribbed distort slabs (stiffened by tease beams) with distort angles ranging from 20° to 50° in 5° pauses. The analyses are performed on un-stabilized and ribbed distort slabs with two short edges that are clearly supported and two long edges that are free. ANSYS software is used to generate models for 14 cases of un-stiffened and teased skew slabs. The results are distinguished in terms of displacements, bending importance, twisting importance, von-Mises stress, bending stresses, and clip stresses. The value of maximum deflection in un-solidified and ribbed distort slabs decreases significantly accompanying increase in skew angle.

Author(s) Details:

M. S. Hora,
Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V2/article/view/10443

Numerical Evaluation of Single-lap Adhesive Joints under Different Geometries and Adhesive Types | Chapter 2 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 Adhesives can be strong and brittle (such as Araldite® AV138) or weak and ductile (such as Araldite® 2015). High strength and ductility are built into a new family of polyurethane adhesives such as Sikaforce® 7888. In this study, the performance of his three adhesives above was evaluated in single lap joints with different lap lengths (LO). Experimental work is complemented by rigorous numerical studies using finite elements based on Cohesive Zone Models (CZM). This procedure allowed us to validate the performance of this prediction technique when applied to adhesive joints. Additionally, we were able to determine the optimal adhesive family for each joint geometry. CZM has proven to be very accurate, except mainly for ductile adhesives, which can be circumvented by using another cohesion law.

Author(s) Details:

T. A. B. Fernandes,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal and INEGI, Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V3/article/view/8423

Cohesive Zone Model Estimation of the Tensile Behaviour of Adhesive Joints | Chapter 01 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The bond model (CZM) is often used in numerical methods for damage simulation of adhesive joints based on fracture mechanics. There are three main methods available for deriving CZM laws: property discriminant method, inverse method, and direct method. This study evaluated the tensile fracture toughness (GIC) and CZM law of adhesive joints of two different adhesives. A DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) test was used. Experimental efforts included characterizing the tensile failure properties of two structural adhesives using the J-integral approach.To measure the tensile relative displacement (dn) of the adhesive layer at the fracture tip, a computerised image correlation approach was used.  FE simulations were performed to analyze the accuracy of the triangular, trapezoidal and linear exponential CZM laws in predicting the experimental behavior of the DCB test. This paper provides information on the applicability of these CZM rules to all types of adhesives, enabling subsequent strength prediction of adhesive joints.

Author(s) Details:

R. L. Fernandes,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G Campilho,
INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V3/article/view/8422

Modified Implant and FEM Model Creation for Maxillary Protraction| Chapter 6 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol.10

 Another embed is planned creatively to stretch the maxilla in a developing class III patient. This embed is put on the maxilla to give an extending force from the converse draw head gear without utilizing the occlusal brace. FEM model along the embed is made to examine the pressure and dislodging of the maxilla and its designs. By examining the pressure and relocation it can connected with clinical circumstances amnd can be utilized in day to day schedule rehearses.

Author(s) Details:

N. Raj Vikram,
Department of Orthodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, India.

M. K. Karthikeyan,
Department of Orthodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, India.

R. Saravanan,
Department of Orthodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, India.

S. Aravind Kumar,
Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India.

K. S. Nagachandran,
Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India.

S. Karthik,
Department of Orthodontics, Madha Dental College, Chennai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V10/article/view/8066

Numerical Evaluation of Different Adhesive Joint Configurations by Cohesive Zone Modelling| Chapter 10 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 Single-lap joints (SLJ), double-lap joints (DLJ), stepped joints, and scarf joints are the most typical configurations for adhesive joints. The overlap length is one of the most significant factors that influences the joint strength (LO). The major goals of this work are to compare various joint geometries using different adhesives with diverse properties and to determine which type of adhesive is best suited for each joint shape. In order to test three adhesives, SLJ, DLJ, stepped joints, and scarf joints were selected. The experimental data are contrasted with the numerical results from the integrated cohesive zone modelling (CZM) module of the Abaqus® programme. This study came to the conclusion that the best joint arrangement is significantly influenced by the type of glue being used.

Author(s) Details:

N. G. C. Barbosa,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and  INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V1/article/view/7944

Mixed-mode Cohesive Properties of a Thin Adhesive Layer | Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 When creating adhesive structures, it is essential to accurately predict their strength and fracture characteristics (critical strain energy release rate in tension, GIC, and shear, GIIC). Determining how strain energy release rates in tension (GI) and shear (GII) compare to different crack propagation criteria or fracture envelopes is vital in order to comprehend how fracture manifests itself in these conditions. Using single-lap joints (SLJ) and double-lap joints (DLJ) with aluminium adherends and bonded with three different adhesives, the main goal of this chapter is to confirm, using cohesive zone models (CZM), which is the power parameter () that best suits the energetic crack propagation criterion for CZM modelling. This is accomplished by running SLJ and DLJ numerical simulations and comparing the maximum load (Pm) to experiments. The energy criterion from the experimental investigation led to numerical results that were equivalent for Araldite® AV138 and Araldite® 2015, validating the fracture envelopes. Results from the Sikaforce® 7752 were slightly skewed as a result of CZM law form difficulties.

Author(s) Details:

J. P. S. M. B. Ribeiro,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

R. J. B. Rocha,
INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V1/article/view/7943

Advanced Numerical Techniques to Design T-bonded Joints | Chapter 5 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

Adhesive bonds have become more popular in industrial settings as a result of their numerous benefits over other, more conventional bonding techniques (fastened, welded and riveted joints). Over time, there have become more methods for predicting the strength of adhesive junctions. Although it is rarely researched in relation to bonded joints, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a modern variation of the (Finite Element Method) FEM to simulate damage development in structures. Three T-joints made of an aluminium alloy that have been adhered together are the subject of an experimental and XFEM analysis in this study. With values ranging from 1 to 4 mm, the thickness of the curved adherends (tP2) is examined parametrically. The ability of XFEM prediction was evaluated using various damage start and propagation criteria. It was shown that if the modelling conditions are properly specified, accurate numerical results may be obtained.

Author(s) Details:

F. J. P. Moreira,

Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,

Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V4/article/view/7310

Application of Advanced Numerical Techniques for the Analysis Tubular Adhesive Joints | Chapter 12 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

Because of its advantages over mechanically attached or welded connections, adhesive joints have been used in a variety of industries. Adhesive joints offer more strength, are lighter, and are easier to manufacture. A parametric analysis of the tensile strength of single-lap tubular adhesive joints bonded with three adhesives (Araldite® AV138, Araldite® 2015, and Sikaforce® 7752) and various overlap lengths is presented in this paper (LO). The major goal of this study is to compare the strength prediction abilities of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) with experimental data. There is also a comparison of the findings obtained using Cohesive Zone Models (CZM). The parametric numerical research also provides for a critical assessment of the adhesives' performance in this sort of joint. the dissipated energy (Ediss) and the distribution of peel (y) and shear stresses (xy) for LO=20 and 40 mm during simulations till failure. When the damage initiation and propagation parameters were selected appropriately, the XFEM was proven to be a viable and accurate approach for tubular joint strength prediction.

Author(s) Details:

S. M. L. Eusebio,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and  INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V3/article/view/7070

Settlement Analysis of Soil Replaced with Fine Aggregate of Recycled Concrete as Foundation Material | Chapter 09 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 Crushed Concrete is one of the most prevalent waste products generated by the construction sector (CC). This material is frequently recycled and used for a variety of applications, such as pavement, concrete aggregates, and backfilling. The goal of this research is to see if Crushed Concrete-Fine Aggregate (CC-FA) mixed soils may be used as a foundation material. In Secunderabad, recycled concrete is collected from demolished structures and graded. pH, specific gravity, water absorption, and particle size distribution are all index features of CC-FA. The compaction and shear strength parameters of locally accessible soil are determined after it is partially replaced with CC-FA, i.e. 30 percent, 50 percent, and 70 percent. A numerical analysis is carried out as part of the study utilising finite element software, GeoStudio Sigma/w. The model is subjected to mesh and boundary extent convergence tests. The top 1 m of virgin soil is replaced with a CC-FA and soil mixture. For uniform stress of 200kPa, settlements for various percentages of CC-FA and varying widths of square footing are produced. The tension is applied in five steps to imitate real-world conditions. For all footing widths investigated in this study, 30 percent replacement of CC-FA resulted in the least amount of settling.

Author(S) Details

A. Raj Kumar
Civil Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

J. Y. V. Shiva Bhushan
Civil Engineering Department, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V9/article/view/6299

Vibrational and Finite Element Analyses of T-Section Cantilever Beam Using ANSYS and MATLAB: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 10

 A beam is a structural component that is acted upon by a system of perpendicular external forces. When vertical loads are applied to a horizontal beam, it bends. The amount and kind of weight carried by a beam, as well as the length and type of beam, define the amount of load carried. T, HSS, and L shaped beams are just a few of the many options for industrial and residential use. The most prevalent challenges and failures with beams include fatigue failures, vibrations, and inaccurate evaluations of various qualities. This paper discusses the impact of vibrations on T-Section Cantilever beams and frequency modes. As a consequence, the mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained through vibrational analysis in ANSYS are compared to the results obtained through finite element analysis in MATLAB in order to achieve a thorough understanding of T-Section Cantilever beams. The accuracy of the MATLAB results has been validated.

Author (S) Details

G. Sree Bhavani Charan
Cyient Ltd, India.

G. Naga Malleswara Rao
Eswar College Of Engineering, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V10/article/view/2977

Study on Reliability Evaluation of Rubber Component | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 Rubber material characteristics and useful lifetime evaluation are critical in design methods to ensure rubber component safety and reliability. The features of rubber components for an elevator cabin were investigated experimentally, as well as their useful lifetime prediction. There were material tests and accelerated heat-aging tests carried out. Curve fitting of uniaxial tension, pure shear, and equi-biaxial tension test data yielded the rubber material coefficient. The changes in mechanical properties were studied under accelerated ageing circumstances to assess and forecast the useful lifetime of natural rubber components. The rubber was aged for 1 to 60 days at temperatures ranging from 70°C to 100°C. Using an Arrhenius methodology, this work proposes a general approach for linking accelerated ageing results with ageing under service settings. Using the rubber material and component test, several helpful lifetime prediction equations for the rubber component were presented. The estimated useful lifetime of the rubber component in an elevator cabin matched the experimentally determined values quite well.

Author (S) Details

C. S. Woo
Department of Nano Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Korea.

H. S. Park
Department of Nano Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Korea.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2902

Advanced Deformation Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite T Beam Sections | Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 10

 Composite constructions are commonly used because to their high specific strength, structural stiffness, and light weight. A composite beam has a concrete slab on top and a steel beam underneath with an I-shaped cross section. A three-dimensional composite beam is simulated using finite element analysis to study the change in thickness of concrete slab and steel section exposed to uniformly distributed load. On both extremities of the construction, the support requirements are illustrated as fixed beams. A comparative study using steel I section beams on three different concrete slab thicknesses of 80, 100, and 120 mm is presented. Total deformation, maximum primary stress, shear stress, normal elastic strain, and strain energy are shown in the composite T beam at midspan. It further argues that longitudinal compressive stresses in concrete slabs have a non-uniform stress distribution across the cross section, resulting in positive bending moments. Shear stress across sections must be measured to ensure that concrete components act compositely. The advantages of composite sections for various types of structural components in terms of construction time and cost is the primary motivation for numerical modelling of composite sections.

Author (s) Details

V. Preetha
Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

V. Senthilkumar
Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

K. Kalaivani
Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

S. Navaneetha
Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V10/article/view/1224

Deflection Function Formulation for Simply Supported thin Plate Using Variational Approach | Chapter 6 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 8

 This study proposes a more practical deflection function that may be used to replace Naiver's slow converging series function for a quadrilateral thin plate that is simply supported. The variational technique was used in the formulation of the deflection function. Rayleigh-Ritz techniques were utilised in the formulation, and a coordinate function that satisfied the kinematic boundary condition and the minimal potential energy principle was created. A modification factor was applied to the primary function in addition to the coordinate function for curve fitting purposes. Comparisons with Navier's solution and finite element analysis were made to validate the current study. The results showed that the current study's departure from Navier's solution for mid-point deflection was very tiny, at 0.03 percent. Furthermore, it was discovered that finite element analysis produced results that were similar to those of the current study. This research will save calculation time by removing Navier's solution's long and slowly converging series coordinate function.

Author (s) Details

Kefiyalew Zerfu
Civil Engineering Department, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia and Ethiopian Association of Civil Engineers-EACE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Konsorsium Riset Geopolimer Indonesia (KORIGI), Laboratorium Beton dan Bahan Bangunan, Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.

Januarti Jaya Ekaputri
Konsorsium Riset Geopolimer Indonesia (KORIGI), Laboratorium Beton dan Bahan Bangunan, Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V8/article/view/1101