Structure Evaluation of HEV Open Reading Frame 4 through Computational Approaches: Potential Drug Target | Chapter 5 | Open Reading Frame 4 - A Multifunctional Protein of Hepatitis E Virus

 

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E worldwide. The indispensability of the open reading frame 4 (ORF4) region in the replication of HEV Genotype 1 (G1) has been demonstrated. Intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) offers enormous potential as a druggable target. Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs)/intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by a lack of defined tertiary structure under physiological conditions. Given their prevalence in various diseases, IDPs are attractive therapeutic targets. The ORF4 has shown its involvement in the regulation of HEV due to the prevalence of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) as IDPR or IDP. In this context, the current study explores the ORF4 protein as a drug target due to its intrinsic disorder (ID) protein characteristic. Utilizing the homology modelling algorithm, the 3-dimensional (3D) structures of the ORF4 target protein were designed and further assessed through PROCHECK for the presence of clefts, tunnels and pores. Subsequently, the ORF4 was examined for the overall fraction of intrinsic disorder content. In this chapter, an overview of ORF4 has been provided in terms of its structure-function relationship and contribution to several biological processes through PPIs. The results propose that ORF4 protein could act as a potential drug molecule, henceforth, accelerating the process of drug designing strategies against HEV.

 

Author(s) Details

Zoya Shafat
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-976932-1-2/CH5

Advancing Sustainable Propulsion: A Holistic Examination and Optimization of a Six-Cylinder Compressed Air Radial Engine Design | Chapter 5 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 4

This paper delineates the conceptualization and examination of a radial engine comprising six cylinders powered exclusively by high-pressure compressed air, rendering it an environmentally friendly, zero-pollution propulsion system. The engine harnesses the pressure energy inherent in compressed air to drive the reciprocating motion of pistons within the cylinder configuration, thereby generating mechanical output. The strategic integration of six cylinders not only ensures the requisite engine balance but also augments overall efficiency.

Each pair of cylinders, constituting two in total, features pistons positioned 180 degrees apart in opposing phases. Upon introduction of compressed air into the cylinder, the piston initiates movement from Top Dead Center (TDC) to Bottom Dead Center (BDC), propelled by the pressure energy of the compressed air. Upon reaching BDC, the exhaust port opens, allowing expanded air to exit. This cyclical process unfolds across all six cylinders, sustaining a continuous power generation phase.

The design of the six-cylinder compressed air engine adheres to a standard crankcase using CATIA V5. Employing ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.0, a Finite Element Method is employed to conduct stress analysis. This analysis illuminates stress magnitude variations at critical locations within components such as the piston, crankcase, and connecting rod. Subsequent to the analysis, the dimensions of these components are optimized based on the obtained results.

The stress analysis and optimization of the six-cylinder compressed air engine, focusing on critical components like the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft, revealed a satisfactory level of safety and reliability. Leveraging tools such as CATIA V5 and ANSYS Workbench 14.0, the study meticulously considered material properties, ensuring a robust analysis that affirms the components' durability under various mechanical loads.

The paper further delves into practical implications by proposing the fabrication of the designed engine for physical testing. This move from theoretical analysis to practical validation underscores a commitment to translating innovative designs into tangible, functional prototypes. Additionally, the study's broader implications resonate with the urgent need for environmentally sustainable technologies. In addressing pollution and fossil fuel depletion concerns, the compressed air engine emerges as a promising innovation. The paper advocates for the engine's potential as an alternative fuel source for automobiles, presenting a tangible solution for sustainable transportation. Despite these promising aspects, the paper remains cognizant of the necessity for ongoing research to solidify the compressed air engine's commercial and technical viability, emphasizing the importance of sustained exploration and development in realizing its full potential.

Author(s) Details:

Madhukumar K.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-562157, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technical University, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V4/article/view/13099

An Applied Study of the Impact of Augmented Reality on Museum Experience: A Focus on Museums in Namibia | Chapter 9 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The study illustrates Augmented Reality usage for reimaging the place for viewing artifacts or experience in Namibia. A special focus act the National Museum of Namibia as a reference point and framework to implement the proposed improved reality solution. The purpose concerning this proposal search out demonstrate how Augmented Reality can embellish the museum knowledge by providing complimentary able to be seen with eyes information to the exhibits. This is to increase the place for viewing artifacts or visiting interest, especially with young people. An connected to the internet survey was done to understand the society's personal knowledge when visiting a museum the traditional hole or door in vessel order to understand what betterings they would like to see in museums for a better occurrence. 64 participants took part in the study. This survey hold up implementing a operating system-based resolution, focusing on the target consumers. Our results showed that Augmented Reality improves the museum experience, information, and learning, in addition to an emotional network of the museum visitor when utilizing the augmented phenomenon mobile use, compared to the traditional place for viewing artifacts or experience. From an growth perspective, this study emphasized the need to acknowledge implementing a related solution on additional mobile app platforms, as iOS was secondhand as the benchmark for this study.

Author(s) Details:

Tatenda Audrey Chanakira,
Department of Computing, Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia.

Ari Happonen,
Software Engineering Department, LUT University, Finland.

Victoria Hasheela,
Department of Computing, Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V8/article/view/11545