Review On: Green Coffee Beans, and It’s Nutritional Benefits | Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

 Caffeine is considering the most destroyed beverages general and ranked second as the most exchange global merchandise after petroleum. Green espresso refers to raw and unroasted source of Coffee fruits. The caffeine that is being drink generally by consumers, today miscellaneous products are  created by processing the green coffee beans in various stages. The genus Caffeine (family: Rubiaceae) has over 90 different class. Only Coffea arabica and C. robusta from the family that are widely cultured and have high economic worth. Coffee arabica that take nearly 60% of the world productions and C. canephora or C. robusta renew almost 40% of planet productions. Green coffee grain (GCB) contains bigger concentrations of nutrients. The component for green coffee beans is mysterious polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicelluloses. These two elements contribute to 50% of the beans pressure. there are also vicinity of soluble carbohydrates like organic compound composed of carbon, galactose, arabinose, and sucrose in addition to non-volatile aliphatic acids, explosive acids, phenolic species, oils and waxes, protein and free amino acids and minerals. The process of hot for coffee beans will humiliate the amount of chlorogenic acid. Level of chlorogenic acid in GCB is higher when compared to the roasted espresso beans. Chlorogenic acid that contains more in the green espresso is considered to have benefits on human health. The duty of Green Coffee beans, hot beverage made from beans of a tree, and other components in a difference of ailments to a degree cancer, inflammatory afflictions, hepatitis, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments has been well documented and financed using a mechanistic action. Therefore, green coffee that rich in bioactive compounds maybe used to develop miscellaneous products.

Author(s) Details:

Aarzoo Tomar,
Department of Food and Nutrition, BPS Women University, Sonipat, 131305 Haryana, India.

Parvinder Kaur,
Department of Food and Nutrition, BPS Women University, Sonipat, 131305 Haryana, India.

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Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Bioactive Chlorogenic Acid from Heilong48 Soybean Variety: Parametric Optimization and Evaluation of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties | Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

 This study aims to determine the physicochemical and bioactive features of the heilong48 soybean (HS) sort and improve fast-assisted origin parameters for chlorogenic acid extraction. Soybean is a big source of plant protein and lubricate. Soybean breeding has enhanced from advances in functional genomics. In particular, the release of soybean citation genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean agreement to soil nutrient inadequacies, the molecular means of symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, natural and abiotic stress tolerance, and the duties of flowering be present at regional acclimatization, plant architecture, and source yield and quality. Despite being a well bioactive chemical, chlorogenic acid (CA), specifically that found in soybeans, has accumulate very little attention in research settings all along the past few decades. An persuasive way to boost the release of chlorogenic acid from soybeans is utilizing ultrasonic-helped extraction (UAE). Optimization of ultrasound limits with Box-Behnken design (BBD) raise a frequency of 20.0 kHz, a capacity density of 30.0 W/L, a temperature of 37.9 oC, and a opportunity of 28.0 min expected the best environments, which present a chlorogenic acid yield of 5.007 ± 0.033 mg/g and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 93.197 ± 0.213 μmol AA eq/g dry sample; these were above those of a non-ultrasound-treated (inexperienced) heilong48 soybean sample (chlorogenic acid yield of 1.627 ± 0.528 mg/g, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 10.760 ± 0.207 μmol AA eq/g dry sample). A acceptable model was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy results habitual the structural alterations of the heilong48 soybean assortment caused apiece optimized quick-assisted origin parameters. High total polyphenol essences (TPCs; 4.726 ± 0.002 mg GAE/g), total phenolic acids (1.883 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g), and low total flavonoid elements of larger object (0.040 ± 0.008 mg RE/g) were obtained. A helpful linear correlation betwixt antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content was settled. A protein–phenolic interaction in the heilong48 soybean difference was observed. The results settled that polyphenols should be deliberate a significant component of the heilong48 soybean type. Likewise, the heilong48 soybean variety maybe used for chlorogenic acid extraction.

Author(s) Details:

Nelson Dzidzorgbe Kwaku Akpabli-Tsigbe,
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Oversea College of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

Juliet Osabutey,
Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana and Virtuous Experimental School, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.

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Determination of Chlorogenic Acid and Sesquiterpene Lactone Content in Root, Flour and Roasted Grains of Industrial Chicory | Chapter 4 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 

The secondary metabolites of industrial chicory sesquiterpene lactones (STL) and chlorogenic acids (CGA) indicate potential nutritional and organoleptic added value for this crop. They are soluble major secondary metabolites that accumulate in chicory, particularly in Asteraceae. Their quantification was defined here in chicory root and its dried (flour) and roasted (grain) types, as a quality parameter. For all chicory root products, the technique uses one extraction and one analysis. Different low to high polarity solvents, such as methanol, chloroform, or n-hexane, were examined alone, in different amounts in combination, or with an acidified or neutral aqueous solvent. The best extraction yield, 21 percent greater than alcohol mixtures, was produced by the water / chloroform / methanol (30/30/40, v / v / v) mixture. Strong retention time and repeatability of the region (RSD mean percentage 0.46 and 5.6, respectively) and linearity (almost 2 per 0.96) were achieved. The calculated levels of STL and chlorogenic acid were 254.7 and 100.2 g / g in root dry matter, 792.5 and 1.547 g / g in flour, and 160.4 and 822.5 g / g in roasted grains, respectively. This method is a quick, reproducible and straightforward way of quantifying chlorogenic acids and STL in chicory raw material and end products with an average recovery of 106 percent and accuracy of 90 percent.

Author (s) Details

Honorine Willeman
BioEcoAgro, Joint Research Unit 1158, University Lille, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, INRAE, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.

Philippe Hance
BioEcoAgro, Joint Research Unit 1158, University Lille, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, INRAE, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France and Joint Unit University Lille -Florimond-Desprez "CHIC41Health", F-59000 Lille, France.

Anne Fertin
Polytech'Lille GB-IAAL, F-59000 Lille, France.

Najia Voedts
BioEcoAgro, Joint Research Unit 1158, University Lille, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, INRAE, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.

Nathalie Duhal
University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Plateau de spectrométrie de Masse, F-59000 Lille, France.

Jean-François Goossens
University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Plateau de spectrométrie de Masse, F-59000 Lille, France.

Professor Jean-Louis Hilbert
BioEcoAgro, Joint Research Unit 1158, University Lille, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, INRAE, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France and Joint Unit University Lille -Florimond-Desprez "CHIC41Health", F-59000 Lille, France.

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Traditional Medicine Heteropterys cotinifolia: A Neuropharmacological and Phytochemical Approach with Possible Taxonomic Implications | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Heteropterys cotinifolia (Malpighiaceae) has been used in traditional Mexican medicine mainly for the treatment of nervous disorders. However, the specific neuropharmacological activities responsible for this use remain to be defined. The present study evaluates the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects produced by the methanolic extract of Heteropterys cotinifolia and the influence of such effects on motor activity in ICR mice. Our results show that the methanolic extract of Heteropterys cotinifolia produces a dose-dependent antidepressant effect in the forced swimming test in mice at doses from 31 to 310 mg/kg, with no reduction of mice locomotion. However, no anxiolytic properties were observed.  Our findings suggest that the main extract compounds identified as chlorogenic acid and rutin may be involved in the antidepressant effects. The presence of flavonoids in the methanolic extract of Heteropterys cotinifolia may also provide further data to characterize taxonomically this species in order to be distinguished from others species closely related and belonging to the same genus.  According with recent reports, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could be involved in the progression and chronicity of various CNS diseases and cancers. Since the fact that other species from the genus Heteropterys possess outstanding antioxidant properties and the flavonoid content finding in this extract, we continue our investigations on the methanolic extract of   Heteropterys cotinifolia from which, the flavonoid 5,4´-dihydroxy-3,6-dimetoxiflavone was isolated. The extract and flavonoid showed significant antioxidant effect  in DPPH and TBARS assays, while IC50 values for extract (24.46±5.96) (25.92±0.56) and flavonoid (9.54±0.14) (35.88±2.24), respectively, were higher than references. Flavonoid exhibited a high percentage of inhibition (>50%) against the total cancer cell lines evaluated, contrasting with extract (<11.90%). However, no antiinflammatory activities were observed in TPA-induced ear edema in ICR-strain mice. Taking all this information together, Heteropterys cotinifolia possesses additional to neuropharmacological activities

Author(s)  Details

Maira Huerta-Reyes 
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México and Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, C.P. 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México and Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México.

Rafael Álvarez-Chimal
Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México

 Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, C.P. 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México and Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE en Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 “Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Río Magdalena No. 289, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090, Delegación Álvaro Obregón. México D.F., México.

Manuel Jiménez-Estrada
Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

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