Showing posts with label mangroves. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mangroves. Show all posts

Monday, 24 February 2025

Blue Carbon Dynamics in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR): Impacts of Climate and Anthropogenic Factors | Chapter 7 | Surviving Sundarbans: Tragedy and Hope, Edition 1

The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in India, known as the world's largest mangrove forest, is a key player in global carbon cycling and other biogeochemical processes, serving as a significant blue carbon ecosystem. Blue carbon pertains to the carbon captured by marine and coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes. Although various assessments of carbon stock and flux have been conducted over the past decades, there is still a lack of concrete understanding regarding carbon source and sink patterns, particularly in the biodiversity-rich Sundarbans, which encompasses a 10,000 km² mangrove area. To identify research gaps in mangrove blue carbon in this region, a recent decade-long inventory of carbon stock pools (including aboveground, belowground, and soil) and factors affecting carbon mass balance (such as cyclones, salinity, sea level rise, temperature, precipitation, and water-air CO2 flux) was summarized. This review emphasizes carbon sequestration, storage in vegetation and soil, and the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Gaining insight into these dynamics is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies and enhancing the SBR's role in mitigating climate change.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Manotosh Gayen
Institute of Development Studies Kolkata (IDSK), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-73-0/CH7

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Salt-Tolerant Species in the Coastal Ecosystems of Sagar Island, Hugli Estuary, India | Chapter 6 | Surviving Sundarbans: Tragedy and Hope, Edition 1

This study examines the key biota and their biologically zoned distribution on the tidal flats of Sagar Island. It explores the zonation and succession of salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems and ecological factors. The research includes biomass estimation and assesses the response to sea-level changes. Notable biota include mangroves, salt marshes, polychaetes, molluscs, and avifauna. Biogeography, climate, and substrate influence species distribution, while physiochemical and biological conditions affect species abundance and zonation. Data from 47 villages on Sagar Island, covering 234.35 sq km, identify 21 species, with Harcachkata, Excoecaria Agallocha, and Avicennia Marina dominating. The study reports a total carbon stock of 4549 tons/ha, with significant contributions from Avicennia Marina and Casuarina. The findings highlight Avicennia Marina's carbon sequestration potential, suggesting non-destructive methods for estimating carbon stock in Sagar Island's tree species.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tuli Sen
Department of Geography, Sagar Mahavidyalaya, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-73-0/CH6

Tuesday, 7 January 2025

Approaches for Improving Estimation of Belowground Biomass of Mangrove Forests | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

 

Mangroves store and sequester large quantities of belowground biomass (BGB) in their root system. Given the important ecosystem services played by mangroves, particularly biomass storage and mitigation of climate change, interventions aimed to ensure that mangroves are safeguarded from deforestation and degradation through REDD+ and effective forest management initiatives are imperative. However, there are several challenges and uncertainties in the estimation of BGB of mangroves. Therefore, this study aimed to determine uncertainties in the estimation of BGB. The study hypothesised that root sampling techniques that do not involve complete root excavation are relatively inaccurate and hence tend to underestimate the BGB of mangroves. Besides, the study intended to provide step-by-step approaches for quantifying tree BGB. BGB data were generated using complete root excavation for Avicenia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Rhizophora mucronata in Mainland Tanzania to be used as reference data. The findings showed that all the local species-specific BGB models were statistically accurate in the prediction of tree BGB for the three species. Furthermore, results showed that all BGB models were constructed using data generated by means of the trench, incomplete root excavation, and pull-up methods under-estimated tree BGB by producing negative prediction errors (PEs) which were significantly different from zero at a 5% level of significance. The PEs ranged from -33% with relative precision (RP) of 68% (R. mucronata) to -82% (RP of 83%) for S. alba. Based on various sources of uncertainties in the estimation of BGB, the study also documented step-by-step approaches for quantifying BGB. This study concludes that there are large uncertainties in the estimation of BGB of mangroves. Models constructed using data generated by means of root sampling methods (i.e. root excavation, trench and pull-up) that do not entail complete root excavation are biased and hence tend to under-estimate tree BGB of mangroves. Similar results are observed at stand-level. It is recognised that, apart from methods for root sampling, uncertainties in the estimation of BGB may also be attributed to other sources of uncertainties e.g. BGB models, and the use of models beyond the data range. However, based on observed systematic under-estimation of BGB both at tree and stand-levels for estimates generated using data that do not entail complete root excavation, the study concludes that uncertainties in the estimation of BGB are largely attributable to root sampling methods applied rather than other sources of uncertainties. Consequently, the study rejected the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis that root sampling that does not involve complete root excavation is relatively inaccurate and tends to underestimate the BGB of mangroves. The study also notes that the consequences of under-estimation of BGB of mangroves observed in this study are large and subsequently may lead to under-prioritization and valuation of mangroves in the overall forest management, planning, and decision-making. The step-by-step approaches for estimation of BGB established in this study aim to contribute to existing efforts with the objective of minimising associated uncertainties and improving existing knowledge on ecosystem services played by mangroves through biomass stored in their roots. The study further contributes to the accurate determination of belowground- and overall carbon stock of mangroves for accurate and informed decisions and policies both at national and international (e.g. REDD+) levels. This study recommends the step-by-step approaches for quantifying tree BGB of mangroves proposed in this study since they ensure complete root sampling and minimise uncertainties in the estimation of BGB of mangroves.

Author(s)details:-

 

Marco Andrew Njana
Wildlife Conservation Society – Tanzania Country Program, P. O. Box 5196, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v3/416

Wednesday, 28 June 2023

Tanzanian Coral Reef in Peril, are we Fighting a Losing Battle? | Chapter 7 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 8

 Our occasion is from a legal consolidation of opposite processes in the development of insight - differentiation, meant in the rise of new analytical, sectoral trainings, and unification, that consists in the design of fake, complex disciplines principally at the boundaries of science. One of ultimate immature artificial geographic penalties is geosophy, which was decided about a hundred years ago at foul line of geography and philosophy. In fact, essentials of geosophy were present in the works create by ancient Greek and Roman philosopher and theorists, but in the new time the first the individual used the term “geosophy”, was German geographer Ewald Banse. But welcome geosophy busy a place between the learning and skill; the up-to-date, scarcely experimental, geosophy was established by American scholar John Kirtland Wright. So, for also hundred years, this experimental punishment has passed a bothersome way of occurrence, due to two together within, expressed in the type of the regimen itself, and outside (ideological, geopolitical, etc.) factors.The object of geosophy is human outlook, that is, sphere perceived and assumed by man.Nowadays, post-non-chaste mechanics approaches are appropriate more widely secondhand in geosophy - besides geosophical, it is noospheric (created by Pierre Teillard de Chardin and Volodymyr Vernadskyi), cooperative (settled by Isabelle Stengers and Ilya Prigogine), eco-metamorphic (famous too as the beginning of tenable development begun by Dennis Meadows) and desirous (found by Lev Gumilyov). They are established a fundamentally new relation between the subject and the object, qualitatively differing from what has traditionally took place recognized as classical and non-plain geography. One feature of post-non-classic approaches is subject-object union.In particular, the content of the geosophical approach is to accept geographical first characteristics as totals that show the joined unity of the all everyday and human elements. Possibilities of allure request exist in principal part portions of geography. One of the main individual in all geology is the type of landscape. The doubt of allure understanding attests to the fundamental importance having to do with this concept, allure special part in the information of the earth's surface as a having many dimensions sensibility. In particular, the geosophical viewpoint on countryside resides in the beginning of the countryside and ethnicity interplay.From the variety of countryside understandings, two fundamental concepts outstanding. The content of one of authority, dating back to the 19th at fixed intervals, is to see the surroundings as a general exact likeness the terrain, that was elucidated as totality. From various positions, designed in the early twentieth exposition, the landscape is understood as a real existing unchanged material object, characterized by hereditary uniformity, the demeanor of upright and horizontal form and exact boundaries. The place of the earlier countryside ideas and the search for potential of joining bureaucracy is individual of the main theoretical issues of modern the earth's features, in particular, geosophy.It is stressed that the categories of “soul”, “knowledge”, “facts field’ forming a trio, merge spiritual and material, ideal and authentic, emotional and objective elements of countryside in a whole wholeness.

Author(s) Details:

Nsajigwa Emmanuel Mbije,
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V8/article/view/11015

Wednesday, 27 July 2022

Remote Sensing Applications for Sustainable Coastal Habitat Management | Book Publisher International

Natural habitats for the coastal biodiversity include mangroves, seagrass, salt marshes, coral reefs, coastal lagoons, and estuaries. They offer a variety of products and services, including the provision of food, control over water quality procedures, storm protection, and carbon sequestration. However, they have seen significant anthropogenic strain and severe natural disasters in recent decades. Therefore, safeguarding these coastal habitats is crucial. In order to increase scientific understanding of the Earth as a complex system of geophysical phenomena that frequently result in natural hazards, both directly and through interacting processes, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are used. Thus, the remote sensing applications that promote sustainable coastal habitat management are given in the current book.

 

Author (s) Details

R. Uma Devi

School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Hyderabad-502329, Telangana State, India.

Arshid Hussain Malik

School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.


K. Bala Chandu

BVRIT Engineering College, Medak-502313, Telangana State, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RSASCHM/article/view/7754

Friday, 10 September 2021

A New Research on Chemical Composition and Rumen Fermentation Profile of Mangrove Leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia | Chapter 16 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1

 N. Jamarun, R. Pazla, Arief, A. Jayanegara, and G. Yanti. 2020. Biodiversitas Journal 21: 5230-5236 published a new study titled "Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia." The goal of this study was to see if Avicennia marina mangrove leaves might be used as ruminant animal feed. Three replicates of laboratory testing on A. marina were conducted. Proximate and fibre content, rumen fluid profile (pH, NH3, and VFA), nutritional digestibility (DM, Ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose), macro and micro mineral content, and phytochemical compounds were all measured. The nutritional content of A. marina was found to be CP 13.37 percent; Ash 7.17 percent; lignin 7.34 percent; TDN 79 percent; rumen fluid profile is in good shape; food substance digestibility is over 50%; rich in macro and micro minerals; and phytochemical compounds such as phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Ca 0.38 percent, Na 0.20 percent, Mg 0.20 percent, K 0.48 percent, P 0.51 percent, S 0.01 percent, Cl 1.03 percent, Fe 388 ppm, Zn 164 ppm, Mn 211 ppm, and Cu 128 ppm are the macro and micro minerals found. According to the findings, A. marina has a high potential for usage as a ruminant animal feed.


Author (S) Details

Novirman Jamarun
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia and Department of Education Quality Assurance, Faculty of Medical, Universitas Baiturrahmah. Jalan Raya By Pass Km. 14, Aie Pacah, Padang 25586,West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Roni Pazla
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia and Department of Extension Science and Development Communication, Graduate Program, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

 Arief
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Anuraga Jayanegara
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.

Gusri Yanti
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V1/article/view/3184